Taro bacilliform virus

Taxonomy: Viruses; Riboviria; Pararnavirae; Artverviricota; Revtraviricetes; Ortervirales; Caulimoviridae; Badnavirus

Average proteome isoelectric point is 7.61

Get precalculated fractions of proteins

Acidic
pI < 6.8
6.8-7.4
pI > 7.4
Basic
    
All



Virtual 2D-PAGE plot for 3 proteins (isoelectric point calculated using IPC2_protein)

Get csv file with sequences according to given criteria:
        -     Method 

     -  kDa    
                                                                                      

* You can choose from 21 different methods for calculating isoelectric point

Summary statistics related to proteome-wise predictions


    

Protein with the lowest isoelectric point:
>tr|Q8BEM0|Q8BEM0_9VIRU Uncharacterized protein OS=Taro bacilliform virus OX=178354 PE=4 SV=1
MM1 pKa = 7.27SLAVRR6 pKa = 11.84DD7 pKa = 4.05RR8 pKa = 11.84GSNPSTSSTVPSQQDD23 pKa = 3.03QIRR26 pKa = 11.84DD27 pKa = 3.57YY28 pKa = 11.71RR29 pKa = 11.84NMQRR33 pKa = 11.84VRR35 pKa = 11.84HH36 pKa = 4.48TAEE39 pKa = 3.47RR40 pKa = 11.84AARR43 pKa = 11.84RR44 pKa = 11.84IFPGRR49 pKa = 11.84FNRR52 pKa = 11.84TLEE55 pKa = 4.11SQINPEE61 pKa = 3.78AEE63 pKa = 3.55IRR65 pKa = 11.84LSQQRR70 pKa = 11.84RR71 pKa = 11.84AAMVPAEE78 pKa = 4.14VLYY81 pKa = 9.04NTSPSTRR88 pKa = 11.84NQKK91 pKa = 9.63VYY93 pKa = 9.0QHH95 pKa = 6.03YY96 pKa = 9.69SEE98 pKa = 5.06EE99 pKa = 4.77RR100 pKa = 11.84ILCTGQNQQLNLPFINEE117 pKa = 3.64SSYY120 pKa = 10.87RR121 pKa = 11.84ALRR124 pKa = 11.84EE125 pKa = 3.79SGQQHH130 pKa = 5.75LHH132 pKa = 6.44IGLIMIRR139 pKa = 11.84VHH141 pKa = 6.06PLHH144 pKa = 6.73RR145 pKa = 11.84RR146 pKa = 11.84NAGTTALIVPRR157 pKa = 11.84DD158 pKa = 3.59IRR160 pKa = 11.84WNDD163 pKa = 3.08DD164 pKa = 2.78RR165 pKa = 11.84SIIGTMEE172 pKa = 4.19IDD174 pKa = 4.17LSAGSQIVYY183 pKa = 9.83IAPNIMLSVEE193 pKa = 3.79DD194 pKa = 4.58FYY196 pKa = 11.9RR197 pKa = 11.84NIQLAIQTQGYY208 pKa = 7.61EE209 pKa = 3.91NWNSAEE215 pKa = 4.13SNLLISRR222 pKa = 11.84ALIGRR227 pKa = 11.84LTNDD231 pKa = 2.77SFTGFQYY238 pKa = 10.87NISNVAEE245 pKa = 4.2YY246 pKa = 10.38LHH248 pKa = 6.04SHH250 pKa = 6.19GVQAIEE256 pKa = 4.46GQAHH260 pKa = 6.77PRR262 pKa = 11.84TLGNRR267 pKa = 11.84WILQAPAPPRR277 pKa = 11.84SLVPQNVEE285 pKa = 3.86TTTLLDD291 pKa = 3.84GNVSIRR297 pKa = 11.84FSNYY301 pKa = 8.57HH302 pKa = 4.9QAPVNDD308 pKa = 4.31TQDD311 pKa = 3.16NSHH314 pKa = 7.43PDD316 pKa = 3.05IQEE319 pKa = 4.53DD320 pKa = 3.95EE321 pKa = 4.21NQFIGFLSDD330 pKa = 3.51LGEE333 pKa = 4.34EE334 pKa = 4.64YY335 pKa = 10.61EE336 pKa = 4.52LEE338 pKa = 4.37YY339 pKa = 10.47PSFTPVHH346 pKa = 6.23ADD348 pKa = 3.09EE349 pKa = 5.8FIFIIINGEE358 pKa = 4.19EE359 pKa = 3.98IPDD362 pKa = 3.9DD363 pKa = 4.1FVSSFCSNFSPPPIPEE379 pKa = 4.44PEE381 pKa = 3.83PTAIEE386 pKa = 3.99EE387 pKa = 4.25TAFTLEE393 pKa = 4.09EE394 pKa = 4.0QFNDD398 pKa = 3.26LDD400 pKa = 4.16YY401 pKa = 8.64PTLISMEE408 pKa = 4.09KK409 pKa = 10.15QLVQSSVTSAYY420 pKa = 10.51NPPTEE425 pKa = 4.06PLMGQVVYY433 pKa = 9.77PPASAPRR440 pKa = 11.84PQAEE444 pKa = 4.06TSSTSEE450 pKa = 3.58RR451 pKa = 11.84FKK453 pKa = 11.26NFRR456 pKa = 11.84AKK458 pKa = 10.21PYY460 pKa = 7.56STPTIFLPPAYY471 pKa = 8.87NQQGAILVLPDD482 pKa = 5.68DD483 pKa = 3.99IGLYY487 pKa = 10.52EE488 pKa = 4.08DD489 pKa = 4.68TISRR493 pKa = 11.84WEE495 pKa = 4.28SITLNMMNEE504 pKa = 4.31KK505 pKa = 9.61VWPSNEE511 pKa = 3.52AKK513 pKa = 10.36AKK515 pKa = 10.38YY516 pKa = 9.1MEE518 pKa = 4.39NLLGEE523 pKa = 4.47MEE525 pKa = 4.42KK526 pKa = 9.45KK527 pKa = 8.36TWIQWRR533 pKa = 11.84TTYY536 pKa = 10.34VSEE539 pKa = 4.01YY540 pKa = 10.53DD541 pKa = 3.83ALVQQSDD548 pKa = 3.55EE549 pKa = 4.37TQNLLSQVRR558 pKa = 11.84RR559 pKa = 11.84IFLLQDD565 pKa = 4.05PYY567 pKa = 11.21QGSTAEE573 pKa = 4.24QDD575 pKa = 3.16QAYY578 pKa = 10.45NDD580 pKa = 4.29LEE582 pKa = 5.19RR583 pKa = 11.84ISCDD587 pKa = 3.3NIKK590 pKa = 10.87DD591 pKa = 4.5LIPYY595 pKa = 8.75LIQFRR600 pKa = 11.84NLAAKK605 pKa = 10.08SGRR608 pKa = 11.84LFLGPEE614 pKa = 3.86LSEE617 pKa = 3.86KK618 pKa = 10.37LFRR621 pKa = 11.84KK622 pKa = 8.22MPPLIGKK629 pKa = 9.0EE630 pKa = 3.6IEE632 pKa = 3.97TAFIAKK638 pKa = 9.64HH639 pKa = 5.19GNANITVMPRR649 pKa = 11.84IHH651 pKa = 6.79FAYY654 pKa = 9.98HH655 pKa = 5.97YY656 pKa = 10.56LAEE659 pKa = 4.4LCKK662 pKa = 10.36KK663 pKa = 10.38AALQRR668 pKa = 11.84SLKK671 pKa = 10.58DD672 pKa = 3.58LSFCNQIPLPGIYY685 pKa = 9.77TKK687 pKa = 10.92GNKK690 pKa = 9.49KK691 pKa = 10.23FGLRR695 pKa = 11.84KK696 pKa = 9.61ARR698 pKa = 11.84TYY700 pKa = 10.34KK701 pKa = 10.6GKK703 pKa = 9.02PHH705 pKa = 6.43PTHH708 pKa = 6.21VRR710 pKa = 11.84VFKK713 pKa = 10.22KK714 pKa = 10.61AKK716 pKa = 7.38YY717 pKa = 9.96QRR719 pKa = 11.84TKK721 pKa = 10.16KK722 pKa = 9.97CKK724 pKa = 10.11CFICGEE730 pKa = 4.27PGHH733 pKa = 6.35FARR736 pKa = 11.84EE737 pKa = 4.21CTKK740 pKa = 10.31QRR742 pKa = 11.84GNIVRR747 pKa = 11.84ATVHH751 pKa = 5.92QEE753 pKa = 3.46LAIPDD758 pKa = 3.86NFDD761 pKa = 3.55VVSVDD766 pKa = 3.41ADD768 pKa = 3.56EE769 pKa = 5.08SDD771 pKa = 3.21SSGIYY776 pKa = 9.96SYY778 pKa = 11.51SEE780 pKa = 3.81NEE782 pKa = 3.96APLQEE787 pKa = 4.5VNSFIHH793 pKa = 7.08DD794 pKa = 3.52EE795 pKa = 4.43NIFFLSDD802 pKa = 3.14ADD804 pKa = 3.95EE805 pKa = 4.9FEE807 pKa = 5.27SPQQHH812 pKa = 5.43LHH814 pKa = 5.15EE815 pKa = 4.71TVNMLQSRR823 pKa = 11.84SAYY826 pKa = 9.58LPQVAVGEE834 pKa = 4.34EE835 pKa = 4.17KK836 pKa = 10.99LNCSHH841 pKa = 7.26IWLQDD846 pKa = 2.89VDD848 pKa = 3.98IPSDD852 pKa = 2.97KK853 pKa = 10.65HH854 pKa = 5.95KK855 pKa = 11.0CHH857 pKa = 6.25TCRR860 pKa = 11.84RR861 pKa = 11.84DD862 pKa = 3.46TQKK865 pKa = 10.68HH866 pKa = 4.58YY867 pKa = 10.84RR868 pKa = 11.84LEE870 pKa = 4.15CQKK873 pKa = 10.95CKK875 pKa = 10.51FLVCSLCTIPYY886 pKa = 10.1LGITMQFRR894 pKa = 11.84QKK896 pKa = 10.55QKK898 pKa = 10.64SQPEE902 pKa = 4.09NPNLVRR908 pKa = 11.84EE909 pKa = 4.42LLEE912 pKa = 3.73HH913 pKa = 7.59AIFLEE918 pKa = 4.73EE919 pKa = 3.84KK920 pKa = 10.48CKK922 pKa = 10.6NQEE925 pKa = 4.33LLSEE929 pKa = 4.27TQIEE933 pKa = 4.48RR934 pKa = 11.84IVSSEE939 pKa = 4.03KK940 pKa = 9.53QVKK943 pKa = 9.74FYY945 pKa = 11.29GILPTKK951 pKa = 10.17KK952 pKa = 8.84SNKK955 pKa = 8.57SAGYY959 pKa = 9.84DD960 pKa = 3.37LQSNIDD966 pKa = 3.5IEE968 pKa = 4.35IPPGKK973 pKa = 8.87CTVISTGTFLQMPDD987 pKa = 2.93NMYY990 pKa = 10.73GRR992 pKa = 11.84LVEE995 pKa = 4.21RR996 pKa = 11.84TSLAIQGITVQGGVIDD1012 pKa = 4.27PDD1014 pKa = 3.65FTGEE1018 pKa = 3.85IQIVLFNHH1026 pKa = 5.24NTAPYY1031 pKa = 8.53PVKK1034 pKa = 9.68KK1035 pKa = 8.98TYY1037 pKa = 10.69RR1038 pKa = 11.84LAQIIFEE1045 pKa = 4.32KK1046 pKa = 10.4FYY1048 pKa = 10.85TPIFIQEE1055 pKa = 4.58PFTSTQQGSSNFGSTAKK1072 pKa = 10.28PLQITEE1078 pKa = 4.41NIEE1081 pKa = 4.03VMSEE1085 pKa = 3.89TVANQVAKK1093 pKa = 10.77SSVLPRR1099 pKa = 11.84LYY1101 pKa = 10.49SIQAHH1106 pKa = 5.39IHH1108 pKa = 5.32IAPDD1112 pKa = 3.31IVISTTAIIDD1122 pKa = 3.42TGATVCCISEE1132 pKa = 4.42KK1133 pKa = 10.29IVPEE1137 pKa = 3.9AAKK1140 pKa = 10.12EE1141 pKa = 3.85QLNYY1145 pKa = 10.05KK1146 pKa = 9.99VNISGISSQQQIQHH1160 pKa = 5.78RR1161 pKa = 11.84LKK1163 pKa = 10.82RR1164 pKa = 11.84GTLEE1168 pKa = 3.82IASNKK1173 pKa = 8.91YY1174 pKa = 10.26ALPLCYY1180 pKa = 9.46IIEE1183 pKa = 4.68LNDD1186 pKa = 3.54KK1187 pKa = 10.91DD1188 pKa = 4.57DD1189 pKa = 4.17FSMILGCNFFKK1200 pKa = 11.03HH1201 pKa = 5.93MGGGMRR1207 pKa = 11.84FEE1209 pKa = 4.95GPHH1212 pKa = 3.74VTFYY1216 pKa = 11.26KK1217 pKa = 10.96GITTLSTSYY1226 pKa = 11.37ANTGIDD1232 pKa = 3.72TEE1234 pKa = 4.65HH1235 pKa = 6.36EE1236 pKa = 4.48QITSTTSQSFKK1247 pKa = 10.98EE1248 pKa = 4.18RR1249 pKa = 11.84FSPLMNEE1256 pKa = 4.8LKK1258 pKa = 10.19AAGYY1262 pKa = 9.98IGEE1265 pKa = 5.38DD1266 pKa = 3.94PLKK1269 pKa = 10.08HH1270 pKa = 5.29WSKK1273 pKa = 11.59NKK1275 pKa = 8.05VTCKK1279 pKa = 10.33LDD1281 pKa = 3.7LKK1283 pKa = 9.67NTEE1286 pKa = 3.77ITIQDD1291 pKa = 3.35KK1292 pKa = 9.67PLRR1295 pKa = 11.84HH1296 pKa = 5.81ITPALEE1302 pKa = 3.88QSYY1305 pKa = 10.04GRR1307 pKa = 11.84HH1308 pKa = 4.36VNALLMLKK1316 pKa = 10.0VIQPSKK1322 pKa = 9.79SRR1324 pKa = 11.84HH1325 pKa = 3.58RR1326 pKa = 11.84TMAFLVNSGTTVTADD1341 pKa = 2.98GKK1343 pKa = 9.77EE1344 pKa = 4.07IKK1346 pKa = 10.4GKK1348 pKa = 10.05EE1349 pKa = 3.69RR1350 pKa = 11.84MVFNYY1355 pKa = 9.86KK1356 pKa = 10.28ALNDD1360 pKa = 3.64NTYY1363 pKa = 10.56KK1364 pKa = 10.74DD1365 pKa = 3.99QYY1367 pKa = 10.78SLPNIQLILKK1377 pKa = 9.72KK1378 pKa = 10.53VINSTIYY1385 pKa = 10.89SKK1387 pKa = 11.26FDD1389 pKa = 3.67LKK1391 pKa = 11.29SGFHH1395 pKa = 5.25QVAMDD1400 pKa = 4.31PDD1402 pKa = 4.23SVEE1405 pKa = 3.52WTAFLVPQGLYY1416 pKa = 9.53EE1417 pKa = 4.05WLAMPFGLKK1426 pKa = 9.52NAPAVFQRR1434 pKa = 11.84KK1435 pKa = 7.33MDD1437 pKa = 3.82AVFKK1441 pKa = 10.54GCEE1444 pKa = 3.92KK1445 pKa = 10.56FLAVYY1450 pKa = 10.18IDD1452 pKa = 5.15DD1453 pKa = 4.06ILVFSNNEE1461 pKa = 3.54EE1462 pKa = 3.9DD1463 pKa = 3.69HH1464 pKa = 6.87AKK1466 pKa = 10.47HH1467 pKa = 5.73LVIMLQRR1474 pKa = 11.84CKK1476 pKa = 10.53EE1477 pKa = 4.08HH1478 pKa = 7.0GLVLSPTKK1486 pKa = 10.35MNIAVRR1492 pKa = 11.84EE1493 pKa = 4.16VNFLGATIGSRR1504 pKa = 11.84KK1505 pKa = 9.72VKK1507 pKa = 10.16LQEE1510 pKa = 4.19NIIKK1514 pKa = 10.44KK1515 pKa = 10.07ILDD1518 pKa = 3.54FDD1520 pKa = 4.25TEE1522 pKa = 4.25KK1523 pKa = 11.05LQSKK1527 pKa = 10.13KK1528 pKa = 10.43GLRR1531 pKa = 11.84SFLGILNYY1539 pKa = 10.27ARR1541 pKa = 11.84NHH1543 pKa = 5.88IPNLGKK1549 pKa = 10.1IAGPLYY1555 pKa = 10.6SKK1557 pKa = 9.8TSIYY1561 pKa = 11.04GDD1563 pKa = 3.06IRR1565 pKa = 11.84FSASDD1570 pKa = 2.99WKK1572 pKa = 10.92LINEE1576 pKa = 4.33IKK1578 pKa = 10.67AIVEE1582 pKa = 4.05KK1583 pKa = 10.63LPPLDD1588 pKa = 4.04YY1589 pKa = 10.68PPEE1592 pKa = 3.66QAYY1595 pKa = 9.77IIIEE1599 pKa = 3.96SDD1601 pKa = 2.94GCMEE1605 pKa = 4.24GWGAICKK1612 pKa = 8.66WKK1614 pKa = 10.15LAEE1617 pKa = 4.19YY1618 pKa = 9.98DD1619 pKa = 4.0PKK1621 pKa = 11.09SSEE1624 pKa = 4.12QICAYY1629 pKa = 10.44ASGKK1633 pKa = 9.95FSPIKK1638 pKa = 9.74STIDD1642 pKa = 3.44AEE1644 pKa = 4.05ITAAMEE1650 pKa = 3.87GLEE1653 pKa = 3.95AFKK1656 pKa = 10.5IHH1658 pKa = 6.52YY1659 pKa = 9.74LDD1661 pKa = 3.51KK1662 pKa = 11.23QKK1664 pKa = 9.27ITLRR1668 pKa = 11.84TDD1670 pKa = 3.24CQAIISFCNKK1680 pKa = 8.85TSVNKK1685 pKa = 9.49PSRR1688 pKa = 11.84VRR1690 pKa = 11.84WLKK1693 pKa = 10.8FIDD1696 pKa = 4.28YY1697 pKa = 8.26ITNTGIDD1704 pKa = 3.42VKK1706 pKa = 10.96FEE1708 pKa = 4.95HH1709 pKa = 7.3IDD1711 pKa = 3.18AKK1713 pKa = 11.38NNVLADD1719 pKa = 3.67TLSRR1723 pKa = 11.84LVNTLQDD1730 pKa = 4.41LPWLDD1735 pKa = 4.91EE1736 pKa = 3.88PHH1738 pKa = 6.48QDD1740 pKa = 3.26QTVSLMQEE1748 pKa = 3.84IEE1750 pKa = 4.17DD1751 pKa = 3.99APLEE1755 pKa = 4.16IKK1757 pKa = 10.13QRR1759 pKa = 11.84SLTCLQRR1766 pKa = 11.84LICRR1770 pKa = 11.84SFMEE1774 pKa = 5.18DD1775 pKa = 2.93STEE1778 pKa = 3.92EE1779 pKa = 4.4AIHH1782 pKa = 6.32FLEE1785 pKa = 5.15DD1786 pKa = 4.29DD1787 pKa = 4.35KK1788 pKa = 11.65IEE1790 pKa = 4.23PTAEE1794 pKa = 3.73SSTPITLDD1802 pKa = 2.88EE1803 pKa = 4.54FSRR1806 pKa = 11.84KK1807 pKa = 8.97RR1808 pKa = 11.84FQEE1811 pKa = 3.89HH1812 pKa = 6.02TDD1814 pKa = 3.56LLEE1817 pKa = 4.21EE1818 pKa = 4.21FQLTLLQINLLEE1830 pKa = 4.62ASLHH1834 pKa = 5.12EE1835 pKa = 4.6RR1836 pKa = 11.84LMKK1839 pKa = 9.57CQSYY1843 pKa = 8.01ATRR1846 pKa = 11.84DD1847 pKa = 3.87NFWGDD1852 pKa = 3.34WLPEE1856 pKa = 3.75ARR1858 pKa = 11.84RR1859 pKa = 11.84DD1860 pKa = 3.69LLQIQLAKK1868 pKa = 10.53EE1869 pKa = 3.95IIEE1872 pKa = 4.09KK1873 pKa = 10.21VRR1875 pKa = 11.84EE1876 pKa = 4.03KK1877 pKa = 10.79LHH1879 pKa = 6.86SII1881 pKa = 4.01

Molecular weight:
214.34 kDa
Isoelectric point according different methods:






Protein with the highest isoelectric point:
>tr|Q8BEM1|Q8BEM1_9VIRU Uncharacterized protein OS=Taro bacilliform virus OX=178354 PE=4 SV=1
MM1 pKa = 7.41SVPNSTYY8 pKa = 9.64PGYY11 pKa = 10.26IKK13 pKa = 10.53SLEE16 pKa = 4.09EE17 pKa = 3.93TKK19 pKa = 10.97VLGDD23 pKa = 3.45PSVGFSEE30 pKa = 4.96IPTTAIGTATGFSTLYY46 pKa = 9.83KK47 pKa = 10.32QNNTIINLLISLHH60 pKa = 6.38KK61 pKa = 10.81KK62 pKa = 9.8VDD64 pKa = 3.8SLSKK68 pKa = 10.07KK69 pKa = 8.7TDD71 pKa = 3.03VDD73 pKa = 3.78EE74 pKa = 5.31LATEE78 pKa = 4.59LSKK81 pKa = 10.64LTIKK85 pKa = 9.17DD86 pKa = 3.65TPKK89 pKa = 10.79VKK91 pKa = 10.58AKK93 pKa = 9.77TPLYY97 pKa = 9.53VFKK100 pKa = 10.68SPRR103 pKa = 11.84LILEE107 pKa = 3.81EE108 pKa = 3.85EE109 pKa = 4.57RR110 pKa = 11.84YY111 pKa = 10.42KK112 pKa = 10.68IGLPPTTTDD121 pKa = 2.95WTWPVGHH128 pKa = 7.34PFAPPPKK135 pKa = 8.34TSTKK139 pKa = 10.76ASTSSS144 pKa = 2.97

Molecular weight:
15.78 kDa
Isoelectric point according different methods:






Peptides (in silico digests for buttom-up proteomics)

Below you can find in silico digests of the whole proteome with Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Trypsin+LysC, LysN, ArgC proteases suitable for different mass spec machines.

Try
ESI
ChTry
ESI
ArgC
ESI
LysN
ESI
TryLysC
ESI

Try
MALDI
ChTry
MALDI
ArgC
MALDI
LysN
MALDI
TryLysC
MALDI

Try
LTQ
ChTry
LTQ
ArgC
LTQ
LysN
LTQ
TryLysC
LTQ

Try
MSlow
ChTry
MSlow
ArgC
MSlow
LysN
MSlow
TryLysC
MSlow

Try
MShigh
ChTry
MShigh
ArgC
MShigh
LysN
MShigh
TryLysC
MShigh

General Statistics

Number of major isoforms

Number of additional isoforms

Number of all proteins

Number of amino acids

Min. Seq. Length

Max. Seq. Length

Avg. Seq. Length

Avg. Mol. Weight

3

0

3

2171

144

1881

723.7

82.26

Amino acid frequency

Ala

Cys

Asp

Glu

Phe

Gly

His

Ile

Lys

Leu

6.08 ± 0.794

1.52 ± 0.753

4.79 ± 0.526

7.324 ± 0.647

4.053 ± 0.643

4.146 ± 1.224

2.672 ± 0.423

7.877 ± 1.025

6.955 ± 2.208

9.304 ± 1.647

Met

Asn

Gln

Pro

Arg

Ser

Thr

Val

Trp

Tyr

1.75 ± 0.526

4.698 ± 1.356

5.389 ± 1.147

5.62 ± 1.164

4.514 ± 1.194

7.738 ± 1.288

6.541 ± 2.001

4.698 ± 0.404

0.967 ± 0.106

3.363 ± 0.398

Note: For amino acid frequency statistics the error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Most of the basic statistics you can see at this page can be downloaded from this CSV file

For dipeptide frequency statistics click here
See this proteome in: uniprot_link
Proteome-pI is available under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs license, for more details see here

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944 Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski