Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Triticum aestivum (Wheat)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	12.097AlaAla: 12.097 ± 0.031	1.571AlaCys: 1.571 ± 0.007	4.378AlaAsp: 4.378 ± 0.01	5.005AlaGlu: 5.005 ± 0.011	2.935AlaPhe: 2.935 ± 0.008	6.388AlaGly: 6.388 ± 0.015	1.772AlaHis: 1.772 ± 0.005	3.55AlaIle: 3.55 ± 0.008	3.854AlaLys: 3.854 ± 0.011	7.903AlaLeu: 7.903 ± 0.015	2.283AlaMet: 2.283 ± 0.007	2.64AlaAsn: 2.64 ± 0.007	4.781AlaPro: 4.781 ± 0.012	2.522AlaGln: 2.522 ± 0.008	5.06AlaArg: 5.06 ± 0.011	7.237AlaSer: 7.237 ± 0.011	4.614AlaThr: 4.614 ± 0.01	6.507AlaVal: 6.507 ± 0.014	0.966AlaTrp: 0.966 ± 0.004	1.989AlaTyr: 1.989 ± 0.006	0.002AlaXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Cys	1.368CysAla: 1.368 ± 0.005	0.579CysCys: 0.579 ± 0.003	0.952CysAsp: 0.952 ± 0.004	0.846CysGlu: 0.846 ± 0.004	0.841CysPhe: 0.841 ± 0.004	1.513CysGly: 1.513 ± 0.006	0.51CysHis: 0.51 ± 0.003	0.949CysIle: 0.949 ± 0.004	1.005CysLys: 1.005 ± 0.005	1.883CysLeu: 1.883 ± 0.006	0.475CysMet: 0.475 ± 0.003	0.737CysAsn: 0.737 ± 0.004	1.053CysPro: 1.053 ± 0.005	0.604CysGln: 0.604 ± 0.003	1.263CysArg: 1.263 ± 0.005	1.861CysSer: 1.861 ± 0.006	0.964CysThr: 0.964 ± 0.004	1.172CysVal: 1.172 ± 0.005	0.26CysTrp: 0.26 ± 0.003	0.535CysTyr: 0.535 ± 0.003	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	4.804AspAla: 4.804 ± 0.011	0.987AspCys: 0.987 ± 0.004	4.19AspAsp: 4.19 ± 0.012	3.927AspGlu: 3.927 ± 0.011	2.066AspPhe: 2.066 ± 0.007	4.666AspGly: 4.666 ± 0.01	1.309AspHis: 1.309 ± 0.005	2.788AspIle: 2.788 ± 0.008	2.569AspLys: 2.569 ± 0.008	5.145AspLeu: 5.145 ± 0.01	1.533AspMet: 1.533 ± 0.006	1.888AspAsn: 1.888 ± 0.007	2.786AspPro: 2.786 ± 0.007	1.685AspGln: 1.685 ± 0.005	2.724AspArg: 2.724 ± 0.008	3.726AspSer: 3.726 ± 0.009	2.398AspThr: 2.398 ± 0.007	3.959AspVal: 3.959 ± 0.008	0.716AspTrp: 0.716 ± 0.003	1.464AspTyr: 1.464 ± 0.006	0.001AspXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Glu	5.311GluAla: 5.311 ± 0.012	0.914GluCys: 0.914 ± 0.004	3.828GluAsp: 3.828 ± 0.012	5.737GluGlu: 5.737 ± 0.017	2.042GluPhe: 2.042 ± 0.006	3.763GluGly: 3.763 ± 0.009	1.447GluHis: 1.447 ± 0.005	2.994GluIle: 2.994 ± 0.009	3.749GluLys: 3.749 ± 0.012	6.002GluLeu: 6.002 ± 0.013	1.703GluMet: 1.703 ± 0.006	2.268GluAsn: 2.268 ± 0.008	2.341GluPro: 2.341 ± 0.008	2.268GluGln: 2.268 ± 0.008	3.45GluArg: 3.45 ± 0.01	3.839GluSer: 3.839 ± 0.01	2.631GluThr: 2.631 ± 0.008	4.096GluVal: 4.096 ± 0.009	0.759GluTrp: 0.759 ± 0.004	1.545GluTyr: 1.545 ± 0.006	0.001GluXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Phe	2.77PheAla: 2.77 ± 0.008	0.797PheCys: 0.797 ± 0.004	2.161PheAsp: 2.161 ± 0.006	1.903PheGlu: 1.903 ± 0.006	1.649PhePhe: 1.649 ± 0.006	2.896PheGly: 2.896 ± 0.009	1.006PheHis: 1.006 ± 0.005	1.642PheIle: 1.642 ± 0.006	1.578PheLys: 1.578 ± 0.006	3.844PheLeu: 3.844 ± 0.01	0.888PheMet: 0.888 ± 0.004	1.313PheAsn: 1.313 ± 0.006	1.911PhePro: 1.911 ± 0.006	1.267PheGln: 1.267 ± 0.004	2.064PheArg: 2.064 ± 0.006	3.305PheSer: 3.305 ± 0.009	1.788PheThr: 1.788 ± 0.007	2.6PheVal: 2.6 ± 0.007	0.511PheTrp: 0.511 ± 0.003	1.088PheTyr: 1.088 ± 0.004	0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly	5.993GlyAla: 5.993 ± 0.014	1.478GlyCys: 1.478 ± 0.006	4.02GlyAsp: 4.02 ± 0.011	3.905GlyGlu: 3.905 ± 0.009	2.875GlyPhe: 2.875 ± 0.007	6.957GlyGly: 6.957 ± 0.022	1.829GlyHis: 1.829 ± 0.007	3.123GlyIle: 3.123 ± 0.007	3.678GlyLys: 3.678 ± 0.01	6.098GlyLeu: 6.098 ± 0.012	1.75GlyMet: 1.75 ± 0.006	2.796GlyAsn: 2.796 ± 0.008	2.846GlyPro: 2.846 ± 0.008	2.278GlyGln: 2.278 ± 0.008	4.574GlyArg: 4.574 ± 0.011	6.158GlySer: 6.158 ± 0.012	3.582GlyThr: 3.582 ± 0.009	4.639GlyVal: 4.639 ± 0.011	0.965GlyTrp: 0.965 ± 0.004	2.099GlyTyr: 2.099 ± 0.007	0.001GlyXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
His	1.953HisAla: 1.953 ± 0.006	0.546HisCys: 0.546 ± 0.003	1.366HisAsp: 1.366 ± 0.005	1.289HisGlu: 1.289 ± 0.005	0.943HisPhe: 0.943 ± 0.004	2.14HisGly: 2.14 ± 0.007	1.018HisHis: 1.018 ± 0.005	1.127HisIle: 1.127 ± 0.005	1.039HisLys: 1.039 ± 0.004	2.627HisLeu: 2.627 ± 0.007	0.607HisMet: 0.607 ± 0.004	0.849HisAsn: 0.849 ± 0.004	1.517HisPro: 1.517 ± 0.006	0.979HisGln: 0.979 ± 0.005	1.639HisArg: 1.639 ± 0.006	1.736HisSer: 1.736 ± 0.006	1.045HisThr: 1.045 ± 0.004	1.714HisVal: 1.714 ± 0.005	0.311HisTrp: 0.311 ± 0.002	0.655HisTyr: 0.655 ± 0.003	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	3.473IleAla: 3.473 ± 0.008	0.974IleCys: 0.974 ± 0.004	2.545IleAsp: 2.545 ± 0.007	2.464IleGlu: 2.464 ± 0.007	1.786IlePhe: 1.786 ± 0.006	3.03IleGly: 3.03 ± 0.008	1.143IleHis: 1.143 ± 0.005	2.277IleIle: 2.277 ± 0.008	2.297IleLys: 2.297 ± 0.008	4.378IleLeu: 4.378 ± 0.011	1.034IleMet: 1.034 ± 0.004	1.64IleAsn: 1.64 ± 0.006	2.495IlePro: 2.495 ± 0.009	1.597IleGln: 1.597 ± 0.006	2.376IleArg: 2.376 ± 0.007	3.877IleSer: 3.877 ± 0.01	2.319IleThr: 2.319 ± 0.007	3.068IleVal: 3.068 ± 0.008	0.607IleTrp: 0.607 ± 0.003	1.235IleTyr: 1.235 ± 0.005	0.001IleXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Lys	3.922LysAla: 3.922 ± 0.01	0.863LysCys: 0.863 ± 0.004	2.845LysAsp: 2.845 ± 0.009	3.779LysGlu: 3.779 ± 0.013	1.639LysPhe: 1.639 ± 0.005	3.143LysGly: 3.143 ± 0.008	1.237LysHis: 1.237 ± 0.005	2.563LysIle: 2.563 ± 0.007	3.637LysLys: 3.637 ± 0.013	5.127LysLeu: 5.127 ± 0.014	1.311LysMet: 1.311 ± 0.005	1.953LysAsn: 1.953 ± 0.006	2.355LysPro: 2.355 ± 0.007	1.948LysGln: 1.948 ± 0.007	3.152LysArg: 3.152 ± 0.008	3.507LysSer: 3.507 ± 0.009	2.321LysThr: 2.321 ± 0.007	3.374LysVal: 3.374 ± 0.008	0.609LysTrp: 0.609 ± 0.003	1.359LysTyr: 1.359 ± 0.005	0.001LysXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Leu	8.173LeuAla: 8.173 ± 0.016	1.931LeuCys: 1.931 ± 0.005	5.299LeuAsp: 5.299 ± 0.011	5.946LeuGlu: 5.946 ± 0.014	3.434LeuPhe: 3.434 ± 0.009	6.058LeuGly: 6.058 ± 0.011	2.817LeuHis: 2.817 ± 0.008	3.7LeuIle: 3.7 ± 0.009	5.026LeuLys: 5.026 ± 0.012	10.611LeuLeu: 10.611 ± 0.021	2.068LeuMet: 2.068 ± 0.006	3.12LeuAsn: 3.12 ± 0.007	5.901LeuPro: 5.901 ± 0.011	4.195LeuGln: 4.195 ± 0.01	6.285LeuArg: 6.285 ± 0.011	7.985LeuSer: 7.985 ± 0.017	4.353LeuThr: 4.353 ± 0.01	6.759LeuVal: 6.759 ± 0.012	1.154LeuTrp: 1.154 ± 0.005	2.325LeuTyr: 2.325 ± 0.007	0.002LeuXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Met	2.654MetAla: 2.654 ± 0.008	0.374MetCys: 0.374 ± 0.003	1.559MetAsp: 1.559 ± 0.005	1.91MetGlu: 1.91 ± 0.006	0.801MetPhe: 0.801 ± 0.004	1.588MetGly: 1.588 ± 0.005	0.624MetHis: 0.624 ± 0.003	0.993MetIle: 0.993 ± 0.005	1.341MetLys: 1.341 ± 0.005	2.397MetLeu: 2.397 ± 0.006	0.706MetMet: 0.706 ± 0.004	0.853MetAsn: 0.853 ± 0.004	1.348MetPro: 1.348 ± 0.005	0.966MetGln: 0.966 ± 0.004	1.342MetArg: 1.342 ± 0.005	1.841MetSer: 1.841 ± 0.005	1.081MetThr: 1.081 ± 0.005	1.734MetVal: 1.734 ± 0.006	0.282MetTrp: 0.282 ± 0.002	0.621MetTyr: 0.621 ± 0.004	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	2.588AsnAla: 2.588 ± 0.006	0.726AsnCys: 0.726 ± 0.003	1.763AsnAsp: 1.763 ± 0.007	1.857AsnGlu: 1.857 ± 0.007	1.454AsnPhe: 1.454 ± 0.006	2.859AsnGly: 2.859 ± 0.01	0.904AsnHis: 0.904 ± 0.005	2.014AsnIle: 2.014 ± 0.007	1.861AsnLys: 1.861 ± 0.006	3.811AsnLeu: 3.811 ± 0.012	1.029AsnMet: 1.029 ± 0.004	1.724AsnAsn: 1.724 ± 0.008	1.893AsnPro: 1.893 ± 0.005	1.319AsnGln: 1.319 ± 0.005	1.755AsnArg: 1.755 ± 0.005	2.854AsnSer: 2.854 ± 0.009	1.735AsnThr: 1.735 ± 0.006	2.309AsnVal: 2.309 ± 0.006	0.446AsnTrp: 0.446 ± 0.003	1.022AsnTyr: 1.022 ± 0.004	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	5.294ProAla: 5.294 ± 0.014	0.927ProCys: 0.927 ± 0.005	2.849ProAsp: 2.849 ± 0.008	3.371ProGlu: 3.371 ± 0.009	1.862ProPhe: 1.862 ± 0.007	3.458ProGly: 3.458 ± 0.009	1.233ProHis: 1.233 ± 0.005	1.885ProIle: 1.885 ± 0.007	2.352ProLys: 2.352 ± 0.008	4.521ProLeu: 4.521 ± 0.011	1.137ProMet: 1.137 ± 0.004	1.877ProAsn: 1.877 ± 0.006	5.029ProPro: 5.029 ± 0.019	1.876ProGln: 1.876 ± 0.007	3.259ProArg: 3.259 ± 0.009	5.375ProSer: 5.375 ± 0.012	2.772ProThr: 2.772 ± 0.008	3.533ProVal: 3.533 ± 0.009	0.673ProTrp: 0.673 ± 0.004	1.304ProTyr: 1.304 ± 0.006	0.002ProXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Gln	2.702GlnAla: 2.702 ± 0.008	0.619GlnCys: 0.619 ± 0.004	1.714GlnAsp: 1.714 ± 0.006	2.343GlnGlu: 2.343 ± 0.008	1.208GlnPhe: 1.208 ± 0.005	2.285GlnGly: 2.285 ± 0.007	1.053GlnHis: 1.053 ± 0.005	1.627GlnIle: 1.627 ± 0.006	1.864GlnLys: 1.864 ± 0.007	3.629GlnLeu: 3.629 ± 0.01	0.953GlnMet: 0.953 ± 0.004	1.36GlnAsn: 1.36 ± 0.006	1.936GlnPro: 1.936 ± 0.007	2.342GlnGln: 2.342 ± 0.018	2.207GlnArg: 2.207 ± 0.007	2.534GlnSer: 2.534 ± 0.007	1.509GlnThr: 1.509 ± 0.006	2.271GlnVal: 2.271 ± 0.007	0.458GlnTrp: 0.458 ± 0.003	0.913GlnTyr: 0.913 ± 0.004	0.001GlnXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Arg	4.796ArgAla: 4.796 ± 0.011	1.256ArgCys: 1.256 ± 0.005	3.018ArgAsp: 3.018 ± 0.009	3.358ArgGlu: 3.358 ± 0.01	2.223ArgPhe: 2.223 ± 0.007	3.962ArgGly: 3.962 ± 0.01	1.603ArgHis: 1.603 ± 0.005	2.565ArgIle: 2.565 ± 0.006	3.337ArgLys: 3.337 ± 0.009	5.962ArgLeu: 5.962 ± 0.011	1.483ArgMet: 1.483 ± 0.005	2.127ArgAsn: 2.127 ± 0.007	3.149ArgPro: 3.149 ± 0.009	2.018ArgGln: 2.018 ± 0.007	5.544ArgArg: 5.544 ± 0.015	4.815ArgSer: 4.815 ± 0.013	2.659ArgThr: 2.659 ± 0.008	3.742ArgVal: 3.742 ± 0.009	0.923ArgTrp: 0.923 ± 0.005	1.61ArgTyr: 1.61 ± 0.005	0.001ArgXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Ser	6.526SerAla: 6.526 ± 0.013	1.721SerCys: 1.721 ± 0.006	4.17SerAsp: 4.17 ± 0.009	4.121SerGlu: 4.121 ± 0.012	3.316SerPhe: 3.316 ± 0.008	6.068SerGly: 6.068 ± 0.012	1.816SerHis: 1.816 ± 0.007	3.61SerIle: 3.61 ± 0.009	3.876SerLys: 3.876 ± 0.01	7.939SerLeu: 7.939 ± 0.014	2.088SerMet: 2.088 ± 0.006	3.071SerAsn: 3.071 ± 0.009	4.812SerPro: 4.812 ± 0.012	2.571SerGln: 2.571 ± 0.008	4.686SerArg: 4.686 ± 0.011	9.785SerSer: 9.785 ± 0.019	4.478SerThr: 4.478 ± 0.011	5.068SerVal: 5.068 ± 0.01	1.151SerTrp: 1.151 ± 0.004	2.131SerTyr: 2.131 ± 0.007	0.001SerXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Thr	4.278ThrAla: 4.278 ± 0.01	0.97ThrCys: 0.97 ± 0.004	2.419ThrAsp: 2.419 ± 0.007	2.686ThrGlu: 2.686 ± 0.009	1.792ThrPhe: 1.792 ± 0.006	3.631ThrGly: 3.631 ± 0.01	1.011ThrHis: 1.011 ± 0.004	2.355ThrIle: 2.355 ± 0.007	2.297ThrLys: 2.297 ± 0.007	4.44ThrLeu: 4.44 ± 0.009	1.266ThrMet: 1.266 ± 0.004	1.774ThrAsn: 1.774 ± 0.006	2.824ThrPro: 2.824 ± 0.009	1.378ThrGln: 1.378 ± 0.005	2.548ThrArg: 2.548 ± 0.007	4.345ThrSer: 4.345 ± 0.01	2.953ThrThr: 2.953 ± 0.009	3.607ThrVal: 3.607 ± 0.009	0.629ThrTrp: 0.629 ± 0.003	1.312ThrTyr: 1.312 ± 0.005	0.001ThrXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Val	6.419ValAla: 6.419 ± 0.012	1.273ValCys: 1.273 ± 0.005	4.037ValAsp: 4.037 ± 0.008	4.148ValGlu: 4.148 ± 0.009	2.512ValPhe: 2.512 ± 0.007	4.433ValGly: 4.433 ± 0.009	1.724ValHis: 1.724 ± 0.006	2.985ValIle: 2.985 ± 0.009	3.289ValLys: 3.289 ± 0.008	6.873ValLeu: 6.873 ± 0.012	1.588ValMet: 1.588 ± 0.005	2.218ValAsn: 2.218 ± 0.006	3.806ValPro: 3.806 ± 0.009	2.376ValGln: 2.376 ± 0.008	3.765ValArg: 3.765 ± 0.009	5.17ValSer: 5.17 ± 0.011	3.373ValThr: 3.373 ± 0.008	5.469ValVal: 5.469 ± 0.013	0.835ValTrp: 0.835 ± 0.004	1.878ValTyr: 1.878 ± 0.007	0.001ValXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Trp	0.963TrpAla: 0.963 ± 0.005	0.265TrpCys: 0.265 ± 0.002	0.707TrpAsp: 0.707 ± 0.004	0.739TrpGlu: 0.739 ± 0.003	0.489TrpPhe: 0.489 ± 0.003	0.75TrpGly: 0.75 ± 0.004	0.315TrpHis: 0.315 ± 0.002	0.607TrpIle: 0.607 ± 0.003	0.751TrpLys: 0.751 ± 0.004	1.248TrpLeu: 1.248 ± 0.006	0.362TrpMet: 0.362 ± 0.002	0.578TrpAsn: 0.578 ± 0.004	0.585TrpPro: 0.585 ± 0.003	0.451TrpGln: 0.451 ± 0.003	1.005TrpArg: 1.005 ± 0.004	1.018TrpSer: 1.018 ± 0.005	0.657TrpThr: 0.657 ± 0.004	0.828TrpVal: 0.828 ± 0.004	0.232TrpTrp: 0.232 ± 0.002	0.324TrpTyr: 0.324 ± 0.003	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.968TyrAla: 1.968 ± 0.007	0.601TyrCys: 0.601 ± 0.004	1.507TyrAsp: 1.507 ± 0.006	1.355TyrGlu: 1.355 ± 0.006	1.112TyrPhe: 1.112 ± 0.004	2.058TyrGly: 2.058 ± 0.008	0.729TyrHis: 0.729 ± 0.004	1.262TyrIle: 1.262 ± 0.005	1.245TyrLys: 1.245 ± 0.005	2.702TyrLeu: 2.702 ± 0.007	0.746TyrMet: 0.746 ± 0.004	1.138TyrAsn: 1.138 ± 0.005	1.218TyrPro: 1.218 ± 0.005	0.888TyrGln: 0.888 ± 0.004	1.455TyrArg: 1.455 ± 0.005	2.038TyrSer: 2.038 ± 0.007	1.283TyrThr: 1.283 ± 0.005	1.722TyrVal: 1.722 ± 0.006	0.384TyrTrp: 0.384 ± 0.003	0.927TyrTyr: 0.927 ± 0.004	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.001XaaAla: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaAsp: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaGlu: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaPhe: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaGly: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaIle: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaLys: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaLeu: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaPro: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaGln: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaArg: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaSer: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaVal: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTyr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.294XaaXaa: 0.294 ± 0.022

Statistics based on 130673 proteins (58552452 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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