Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Bos indicus (Zebu)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	6.884AlaAla: 6.884 ± 0.037	1.384AlaCys: 1.384 ± 0.011	2.94AlaAsp: 2.94 ± 0.015	4.876AlaGlu: 4.876 ± 0.023	2.603AlaPhe: 2.603 ± 0.015	4.761AlaGly: 4.761 ± 0.03	1.56AlaHis: 1.56 ± 0.01	2.674AlaIle: 2.674 ± 0.014	3.445AlaLys: 3.445 ± 0.03	7.231AlaLeu: 7.231 ± 0.025	1.454AlaMet: 1.454 ± 0.01	1.939AlaAsn: 1.939 ± 0.012	4.445AlaPro: 4.445 ± 0.028	3.338AlaGln: 3.338 ± 0.017	3.774AlaArg: 3.774 ± 0.018	6.062AlaSer: 6.062 ± 0.026	3.465AlaThr: 3.465 ± 0.017	4.672AlaVal: 4.672 ± 0.022	0.811AlaTrp: 0.811 ± 0.007	1.503AlaTyr: 1.503 ± 0.012	0.165AlaXaa: 0.165 ± 0.003
Cys	1.235CysAla: 1.235 ± 0.011	0.632CysCys: 0.632 ± 0.012	1.005CysAsp: 1.005 ± 0.011	1.234CysGlu: 1.234 ± 0.013	0.803CysPhe: 0.803 ± 0.007	1.764CysGly: 1.764 ± 0.019	0.646CysHis: 0.646 ± 0.007	0.907CysIle: 0.907 ± 0.009	1.097CysLys: 1.097 ± 0.011	2.094CysLeu: 2.094 ± 0.013	0.397CysMet: 0.397 ± 0.004	0.75CysAsn: 0.75 ± 0.008	1.354CysPro: 1.354 ± 0.013	1.058CysGln: 1.058 ± 0.011	1.276CysArg: 1.276 ± 0.012	1.997CysSer: 1.997 ± 0.017	1.031CysThr: 1.031 ± 0.01	1.27CysVal: 1.27 ± 0.011	0.276CysTrp: 0.276 ± 0.004	0.554CysTyr: 0.554 ± 0.007	0.045CysXaa: 0.045 ± 0.002
Asp	2.92AspAla: 2.92 ± 0.015	1.017AspCys: 1.017 ± 0.01	2.607AspAsp: 2.607 ± 0.018	3.415AspGlu: 3.415 ± 0.019	2.084AspPhe: 2.084 ± 0.012	3.204AspGly: 3.204 ± 0.02	1.134AspHis: 1.134 ± 0.008	2.463AspIle: 2.463 ± 0.013	2.463AspLys: 2.463 ± 0.016	5.042AspLeu: 5.042 ± 0.019	1.098AspMet: 1.098 ± 0.01	1.602AspAsn: 1.602 ± 0.01	2.93AspPro: 2.93 ± 0.014	1.849AspGln: 1.849 ± 0.011	2.469AspArg: 2.469 ± 0.014	4.294AspSer: 4.294 ± 0.023	2.477AspThr: 2.477 ± 0.017	3.007AspVal: 3.007 ± 0.016	0.607AspTrp: 0.607 ± 0.006	1.42AspTyr: 1.42 ± 0.012	0.101AspXaa: 0.101 ± 0.003
Glu	5.398GluAla: 5.398 ± 0.027	1.405GluCys: 1.405 ± 0.022	4.465GluAsp: 4.465 ± 0.022	8.079GluGlu: 8.079 ± 0.053	1.98GluPhe: 1.98 ± 0.012	4.212GluGly: 4.212 ± 0.019	1.492GluHis: 1.492 ± 0.011	3.076GluIle: 3.076 ± 0.017	5.518GluLys: 5.518 ± 0.032	6.475GluLeu: 6.475 ± 0.034	1.69GluMet: 1.69 ± 0.012	3.084GluAsn: 3.084 ± 0.019	3.417GluPro: 3.417 ± 0.026	3.209GluGln: 3.209 ± 0.022	4.198GluArg: 4.198 ± 0.026	4.491GluSer: 4.491 ± 0.021	3.398GluThr: 3.398 ± 0.02	4.191GluVal: 4.191 ± 0.022	0.661GluTrp: 0.661 ± 0.006	1.52GluTyr: 1.52 ± 0.014	0.121GluXaa: 0.121 ± 0.003
Phe	1.864PheAla: 1.864 ± 0.012	0.927PheCys: 0.927 ± 0.008	1.579PheAsp: 1.579 ± 0.01	1.918PheGlu: 1.918 ± 0.011	1.574PhePhe: 1.574 ± 0.013	2.121PheGly: 2.121 ± 0.013	1.012PheHis: 1.012 ± 0.009	1.742PheIle: 1.742 ± 0.013	1.68PheLys: 1.68 ± 0.012	4.0PheLeu: 4.0 ± 0.021	0.745PheMet: 0.745 ± 0.006	1.275PheAsn: 1.275 ± 0.01	2.003PhePro: 2.003 ± 0.013	1.753PheGln: 1.753 ± 0.01	1.928PheArg: 1.928 ± 0.013	3.408PheSer: 3.408 ± 0.017	1.96PheThr: 1.96 ± 0.014	2.05PheVal: 2.05 ± 0.014	0.465PheTrp: 0.465 ± 0.006	1.138PheTyr: 1.138 ± 0.01	0.067PheXaa: 0.067 ± 0.002
Gly	4.533GlyAla: 4.533 ± 0.026	1.246GlyCys: 1.246 ± 0.01	3.086GlyAsp: 3.086 ± 0.017	4.129GlyGlu: 4.129 ± 0.025	2.331GlyPhe: 2.331 ± 0.015	4.904GlyGly: 4.904 ± 0.036	1.683GlyHis: 1.683 ± 0.013	2.591GlyIle: 2.591 ± 0.015	3.723GlyLys: 3.723 ± 0.02	5.863GlyLeu: 5.863 ± 0.031	1.245GlyMet: 1.245 ± 0.012	2.274GlyAsn: 2.274 ± 0.014	4.378GlyPro: 4.378 ± 0.041	2.787GlyGln: 2.787 ± 0.017	3.856GlyArg: 3.856 ± 0.02	5.988GlySer: 5.988 ± 0.03	3.481GlyThr: 3.481 ± 0.017	3.469GlyVal: 3.469 ± 0.023	0.792GlyTrp: 0.792 ± 0.009	1.623GlyTyr: 1.623 ± 0.012	0.143GlyXaa: 0.143 ± 0.003
His	1.343HisAla: 1.343 ± 0.01	0.68HisCys: 0.68 ± 0.008	0.863HisAsp: 0.863 ± 0.007	1.286HisGlu: 1.286 ± 0.008	1.065HisPhe: 1.065 ± 0.008	1.491HisGly: 1.491 ± 0.012	0.896HisHis: 0.896 ± 0.01	1.197HisIle: 1.197 ± 0.01	1.238HisLys: 1.238 ± 0.009	2.894HisLeu: 2.894 ± 0.014	0.566HisMet: 0.566 ± 0.006	0.817HisAsn: 0.817 ± 0.007	1.698HisPro: 1.698 ± 0.012	1.422HisGln: 1.422 ± 0.014	1.623HisArg: 1.623 ± 0.012	2.332HisSer: 2.332 ± 0.013	1.55HisThr: 1.55 ± 0.014	1.498HisVal: 1.498 ± 0.01	0.337HisTrp: 0.337 ± 0.005	0.8HisTyr: 0.8 ± 0.007	0.058HisXaa: 0.058 ± 0.002
Ile	2.441IleAla: 2.441 ± 0.014	1.039IleCys: 1.039 ± 0.008	1.862IleAsp: 1.862 ± 0.012	2.444IleGlu: 2.444 ± 0.017	1.814IlePhe: 1.814 ± 0.013	2.076IleGly: 2.076 ± 0.013	1.359IleHis: 1.359 ± 0.013	2.201IleIle: 2.201 ± 0.015	2.502IleLys: 2.502 ± 0.016	4.426IleLeu: 4.426 ± 0.019	0.96IleMet: 0.96 ± 0.008	1.728IleAsn: 1.728 ± 0.011	2.593IlePro: 2.593 ± 0.014	2.275IleGln: 2.275 ± 0.013	2.264IleArg: 2.264 ± 0.013	3.65IleSer: 3.65 ± 0.017	2.438IleThr: 2.438 ± 0.015	2.337IleVal: 2.337 ± 0.014	0.482IleTrp: 0.482 ± 0.006	1.307IleTyr: 1.307 ± 0.01	0.067IleXaa: 0.067 ± 0.002
Lys	4.112LysAla: 4.112 ± 0.024	1.126LysCys: 1.126 ± 0.011	3.159LysAsp: 3.159 ± 0.02	5.183LysGlu: 5.183 ± 0.034	1.642LysPhe: 1.642 ± 0.011	3.156LysGly: 3.156 ± 0.02	1.409LysHis: 1.409 ± 0.012	2.621LysIle: 2.621 ± 0.017	4.668LysLys: 4.668 ± 0.032	5.061LysLeu: 5.061 ± 0.023	1.428LysMet: 1.428 ± 0.012	2.313LysAsn: 2.313 ± 0.016	3.212LysPro: 3.212 ± 0.023	2.641LysGln: 2.641 ± 0.017	3.272LysArg: 3.272 ± 0.018	3.958LysSer: 3.958 ± 0.02	3.119LysThr: 3.119 ± 0.015	3.372LysVal: 3.372 ± 0.02	0.577LysTrp: 0.577 ± 0.006	1.504LysTyr: 1.504 ± 0.02	0.091LysXaa: 0.091 ± 0.002
Leu	6.849LeuAla: 6.849 ± 0.026	2.136LeuCys: 2.136 ± 0.015	4.685LeuAsp: 4.685 ± 0.019	7.289LeuGlu: 7.289 ± 0.036	3.275LeuPhe: 3.275 ± 0.019	5.949LeuGly: 5.949 ± 0.024	2.707LeuHis: 2.707 ± 0.015	3.742LeuIle: 3.742 ± 0.018	5.711LeuLys: 5.711 ± 0.028	10.749LeuLeu: 10.749 ± 0.044	1.944LeuMet: 1.944 ± 0.01	3.443LeuAsn: 3.443 ± 0.016	6.146LeuPro: 6.146 ± 0.027	5.883LeuGln: 5.883 ± 0.029	6.054LeuArg: 6.054 ± 0.026	8.108LeuSer: 8.108 ± 0.029	5.038LeuThr: 5.038 ± 0.021	5.447LeuVal: 5.447 ± 0.021	1.102LeuTrp: 1.102 ± 0.009	2.456LeuTyr: 2.456 ± 0.018	0.181LeuXaa: 0.181 ± 0.003
Met	1.871MetAla: 1.871 ± 0.01	0.376MetCys: 0.376 ± 0.005	1.205MetAsp: 1.205 ± 0.009	1.827MetGlu: 1.827 ± 0.01	0.68MetPhe: 0.68 ± 0.007	1.249MetGly: 1.249 ± 0.009	0.451MetHis: 0.451 ± 0.005	0.812MetIle: 0.812 ± 0.008	1.412MetLys: 1.412 ± 0.01	1.99MetLeu: 1.99 ± 0.012	0.567MetMet: 0.567 ± 0.007	0.88MetAsn: 0.88 ± 0.008	1.083MetPro: 1.083 ± 0.01	0.923MetGln: 0.923 ± 0.009	1.021MetArg: 1.021 ± 0.008	1.545MetSer: 1.545 ± 0.01	1.075MetThr: 1.075 ± 0.009	1.35MetVal: 1.35 ± 0.01	0.231MetTrp: 0.231 ± 0.004	0.589MetTyr: 0.589 ± 0.006	0.031MetXaa: 0.031 ± 0.001
Asn	1.98AsnAla: 1.98 ± 0.013	0.776AsnCys: 0.776 ± 0.008	1.449AsnAsp: 1.449 ± 0.011	2.146AsnGlu: 2.146 ± 0.014	1.37AsnPhe: 1.37 ± 0.01	2.274AsnGly: 2.274 ± 0.016	0.933AsnHis: 0.933 ± 0.008	1.972AsnIle: 1.972 ± 0.013	2.152AsnLys: 2.152 ± 0.015	3.648AsnLeu: 3.648 ± 0.017	0.842AsnMet: 0.842 ± 0.007	1.415AsnAsn: 1.415 ± 0.012	2.168AsnPro: 2.168 ± 0.015	1.682AsnGln: 1.682 ± 0.012	1.779AsnArg: 1.779 ± 0.011	3.104AsnSer: 3.104 ± 0.017	1.88AsnThr: 1.88 ± 0.011	2.085AsnVal: 2.085 ± 0.014	0.427AsnTrp: 0.427 ± 0.006	1.067AsnTyr: 1.067 ± 0.012	0.058AsnXaa: 0.058 ± 0.002
Pro	5.215ProAla: 5.215 ± 0.032	1.125ProCys: 1.125 ± 0.012	2.848ProAsp: 2.848 ± 0.018	4.687ProGlu: 4.687 ± 0.024	1.926ProPhe: 1.926 ± 0.013	5.477ProGly: 5.477 ± 0.055	1.457ProHis: 1.457 ± 0.01	1.787ProIle: 1.787 ± 0.012	2.829ProLys: 2.829 ± 0.019	5.421ProLeu: 5.421 ± 0.024	1.095ProMet: 1.095 ± 0.008	1.773ProAsn: 1.773 ± 0.012	6.458ProPro: 6.458 ± 0.053	3.02ProGln: 3.02 ± 0.021	3.517ProArg: 3.517 ± 0.024	6.029ProSer: 6.029 ± 0.028	3.183ProThr: 3.183 ± 0.019	4.004ProVal: 4.004 ± 0.022	0.699ProTrp: 0.699 ± 0.007	1.497ProTyr: 1.497 ± 0.014	0.168ProXaa: 0.168 ± 0.003
Gln	3.649GlnAla: 3.649 ± 0.021	0.898GlnCys: 0.898 ± 0.01	2.339GlnAsp: 2.339 ± 0.014	4.049GlnGlu: 4.049 ± 0.023	1.321GlnPhe: 1.321 ± 0.009	2.864GlnGly: 2.864 ± 0.021	1.337GlnHis: 1.337 ± 0.011	1.975GlnIle: 1.975 ± 0.012	2.992GlnLys: 2.992 ± 0.017	4.824GlnLeu: 4.824 ± 0.027	1.101GlnMet: 1.101 ± 0.009	1.813GlnAsn: 1.813 ± 0.013	2.952GlnPro: 2.952 ± 0.02	3.18GlnGln: 3.18 ± 0.033	3.097GlnArg: 3.097 ± 0.018	3.302GlnSer: 3.302 ± 0.021	2.361GlnThr: 2.361 ± 0.013	2.812GlnVal: 2.812 ± 0.013	0.519GlnTrp: 0.519 ± 0.005	1.097GlnTyr: 1.097 ± 0.009	0.08GlnXaa: 0.08 ± 0.002
Arg	3.957ArgAla: 3.957 ± 0.022	1.189ArgCys: 1.189 ± 0.011	2.771ArgAsp: 2.771 ± 0.013	4.153ArgGlu: 4.153 ± 0.024	1.797ArgPhe: 1.797 ± 0.012	3.704ArgGly: 3.704 ± 0.023	1.525ArgHis: 1.525 ± 0.011	2.346ArgIle: 2.346 ± 0.015	3.723ArgLys: 3.723 ± 0.016	5.537ArgLeu: 5.537 ± 0.025	1.169ArgMet: 1.169 ± 0.01	2.085ArgAsn: 2.085 ± 0.011	3.414ArgPro: 3.414 ± 0.021	2.684ArgGln: 2.684 ± 0.016	4.544ArgArg: 4.544 ± 0.027	4.469ArgSer: 4.469 ± 0.03	2.859ArgThr: 2.859 ± 0.014	3.167ArgVal: 3.167 ± 0.019	0.67ArgTrp: 0.67 ± 0.007	1.426ArgTyr: 1.426 ± 0.01	0.096ArgXaa: 0.096 ± 0.002
Ser	5.512SerAla: 5.512 ± 0.021	1.823SerCys: 1.823 ± 0.015	4.071SerAsp: 4.071 ± 0.026	5.436SerGlu: 5.436 ± 0.026	2.977SerPhe: 2.977 ± 0.014	5.655SerGly: 5.655 ± 0.026	2.164SerHis: 2.164 ± 0.014	3.173SerIle: 3.173 ± 0.017	4.099SerLys: 4.099 ± 0.021	8.322SerLeu: 8.322 ± 0.031	1.597SerMet: 1.597 ± 0.01	2.644SerAsn: 2.644 ± 0.015	6.463SerPro: 6.463 ± 0.042	4.043SerGln: 4.043 ± 0.019	4.753SerArg: 4.753 ± 0.029	9.888SerSer: 9.888 ± 0.054	4.58SerThr: 4.58 ± 0.022	4.981SerVal: 4.981 ± 0.018	1.053SerTrp: 1.053 ± 0.01	2.062SerTyr: 2.062 ± 0.014	0.186SerXaa: 0.186 ± 0.004
Thr	3.757ThrAla: 3.757 ± 0.017	1.289ThrCys: 1.289 ± 0.014	2.42ThrAsp: 2.42 ± 0.012	3.542ThrGlu: 3.542 ± 0.018	2.009ThrPhe: 2.009 ± 0.012	3.516ThrGly: 3.516 ± 0.02	1.289ThrHis: 1.289 ± 0.011	2.261ThrIle: 2.261 ± 0.015	2.6ThrLys: 2.6 ± 0.016	5.229ThrLeu: 5.229 ± 0.021	1.053ThrMet: 1.053 ± 0.008	1.64ThrAsn: 1.64 ± 0.01	3.828ThrPro: 3.828 ± 0.025	2.286ThrGln: 2.286 ± 0.013	2.47ThrArg: 2.47 ± 0.011	4.726ThrSer: 4.726 ± 0.029	2.934ThrThr: 2.934 ± 0.024	3.778ThrVal: 3.778 ± 0.023	0.656ThrTrp: 0.656 ± 0.008	1.348ThrTyr: 1.348 ± 0.009	0.113ThrXaa: 0.113 ± 0.003
Val	4.201ValAla: 4.201 ± 0.017	1.432ValCys: 1.432 ± 0.011	2.877ValAsp: 2.877 ± 0.015	3.799ValGlu: 3.799 ± 0.021	2.316ValPhe: 2.316 ± 0.015	3.283ValGly: 3.283 ± 0.02	1.552ValHis: 1.552 ± 0.012	2.83ValIle: 2.83 ± 0.017	3.349ValLys: 3.349 ± 0.019	6.182ValLeu: 6.182 ± 0.022	1.308ValMet: 1.308 ± 0.01	2.165ValAsn: 2.165 ± 0.013	3.743ValPro: 3.743 ± 0.024	2.73ValGln: 2.73 ± 0.014	2.97ValArg: 2.97 ± 0.017	4.947ValSer: 4.947 ± 0.019	3.714ValThr: 3.714 ± 0.026	3.902ValVal: 3.902 ± 0.02	0.691ValTrp: 0.691 ± 0.007	1.574ValTyr: 1.574 ± 0.008	0.097ValXaa: 0.097 ± 0.002
Trp	0.781TrpAla: 0.781 ± 0.008	0.238TrpCys: 0.238 ± 0.004	0.65TrpAsp: 0.65 ± 0.006	0.788TrpGlu: 0.788 ± 0.009	0.428TrpPhe: 0.428 ± 0.006	0.717TrpGly: 0.717 ± 0.01	0.282TrpHis: 0.282 ± 0.004	0.531TrpIle: 0.531 ± 0.006	0.775TrpLys: 0.775 ± 0.007	1.172TrpLeu: 1.172 ± 0.011	0.306TrpMet: 0.306 ± 0.005	0.494TrpAsn: 0.494 ± 0.005	0.525TrpPro: 0.525 ± 0.005	0.504TrpGln: 0.504 ± 0.006	0.724TrpArg: 0.724 ± 0.007	0.847TrpSer: 0.847 ± 0.009	0.646TrpThr: 0.646 ± 0.007	0.666TrpVal: 0.666 ± 0.007	0.177TrpTrp: 0.177 ± 0.003	0.308TrpTyr: 0.308 ± 0.005	0.021TrpXaa: 0.021 ± 0.001
Tyr	1.321TyrAla: 1.321 ± 0.01	0.641TyrCys: 0.641 ± 0.007	1.235TyrAsp: 1.235 ± 0.011	1.657TyrGlu: 1.657 ± 0.013	1.151TyrPhe: 1.151 ± 0.01	1.599TyrGly: 1.599 ± 0.012	0.721TyrHis: 0.721 ± 0.007	1.298TyrIle: 1.298 ± 0.012	1.554TyrLys: 1.554 ± 0.037	2.551TyrLeu: 2.551 ± 0.014	0.569TyrMet: 0.569 ± 0.005	1.018TyrAsn: 1.018 ± 0.009	1.256TyrPro: 1.256 ± 0.011	1.209TyrGln: 1.209 ± 0.009	1.578TyrArg: 1.578 ± 0.015	2.156TyrSer: 2.156 ± 0.013	1.458TyrThr: 1.458 ± 0.011	1.499TyrVal: 1.499 ± 0.012	0.323TyrTrp: 0.323 ± 0.005	0.88TyrTyr: 0.88 ± 0.008	0.041TyrXaa: 0.041 ± 0.002
Xaa	0.16XaaAla: 0.16 ± 0.003	0.045XaaCys: 0.045 ± 0.002	0.084XaaAsp: 0.084 ± 0.003	0.143XaaGlu: 0.143 ± 0.003	0.064XaaPhe: 0.064 ± 0.002	0.149XaaGly: 0.149 ± 0.003	0.047XaaHis: 0.047 ± 0.002	0.066XaaIle: 0.066 ± 0.002	0.094XaaLys: 0.094 ± 0.002	0.188XaaLeu: 0.188 ± 0.004	0.034XaaMet: 0.034 ± 0.001	0.052XaaAsn: 0.052 ± 0.002	0.15XaaPro: 0.15 ± 0.003	0.086XaaGln: 0.086 ± 0.003	0.117XaaArg: 0.117 ± 0.003	0.182XaaSer: 0.182 ± 0.004	0.095XaaThr: 0.095 ± 0.003	0.108XaaVal: 0.108 ± 0.003	0.024XaaTrp: 0.024 ± 0.001	0.043XaaTyr: 0.043 ± 0.002	0.979XaaXaa: 0.979 ± 0.036

Statistics based on 30764 proteins (18860430 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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