Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Bos taurus (Bovine)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	7.107AlaAla: 7.107 ± 0.035	1.415AlaCys: 1.415 ± 0.01	2.954AlaAsp: 2.954 ± 0.015	4.907AlaGlu: 4.907 ± 0.026	2.666AlaPhe: 2.666 ± 0.013	5.0AlaGly: 5.0 ± 0.024	1.569AlaHis: 1.569 ± 0.01	2.765AlaIle: 2.765 ± 0.013	3.401AlaLys: 3.401 ± 0.02	7.311AlaLeu: 7.311 ± 0.027	1.475AlaMet: 1.475 ± 0.009	1.985AlaAsn: 1.985 ± 0.011	4.491AlaPro: 4.491 ± 0.027	3.239AlaGln: 3.239 ± 0.018	3.837AlaArg: 3.837 ± 0.016	5.847AlaSer: 5.847 ± 0.024	3.487AlaThr: 3.487 ± 0.015	4.767AlaVal: 4.767 ± 0.018	0.836AlaTrp: 0.836 ± 0.007	1.532AlaTyr: 1.532 ± 0.01	0.0AlaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Cys	1.32CysAla: 1.32 ± 0.011	0.637CysCys: 0.637 ± 0.01	1.049CysAsp: 1.049 ± 0.009	1.288CysGlu: 1.288 ± 0.012	0.863CysPhe: 0.863 ± 0.005	1.718CysGly: 1.718 ± 0.015	0.656CysHis: 0.656 ± 0.007	0.974CysIle: 0.974 ± 0.009	1.096CysLys: 1.096 ± 0.01	2.232CysLeu: 2.232 ± 0.014	0.406CysMet: 0.406 ± 0.004	0.778CysAsn: 0.778 ± 0.007	1.445CysPro: 1.445 ± 0.015	1.082CysGln: 1.082 ± 0.011	1.334CysArg: 1.334 ± 0.01	2.066CysSer: 2.066 ± 0.014	1.092CysThr: 1.092 ± 0.009	1.361CysVal: 1.361 ± 0.012	0.304CysTrp: 0.304 ± 0.004	0.583CysTyr: 0.583 ± 0.006	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	2.937AspAla: 2.937 ± 0.014	1.087AspCys: 1.087 ± 0.009	2.623AspAsp: 2.623 ± 0.016	3.42AspGlu: 3.42 ± 0.018	2.1AspPhe: 2.1 ± 0.011	3.349AspGly: 3.349 ± 0.018	1.171AspHis: 1.171 ± 0.007	2.556AspIle: 2.556 ± 0.016	2.455AspLys: 2.455 ± 0.013	4.988AspLeu: 4.988 ± 0.021	1.087AspMet: 1.087 ± 0.008	1.624AspAsn: 1.624 ± 0.009	2.972AspPro: 2.972 ± 0.016	1.829AspGln: 1.829 ± 0.009	2.447AspArg: 2.447 ± 0.012	4.132AspSer: 4.132 ± 0.02	2.468AspThr: 2.468 ± 0.013	3.09AspVal: 3.09 ± 0.025	0.651AspTrp: 0.651 ± 0.007	1.459AspTyr: 1.459 ± 0.011	0.0AspXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Glu	5.376GluAla: 5.376 ± 0.026	1.376GluCys: 1.376 ± 0.017	4.384GluAsp: 4.384 ± 0.017	7.758GluGlu: 7.758 ± 0.043	2.038GluPhe: 2.038 ± 0.012	4.242GluGly: 4.242 ± 0.023	1.469GluHis: 1.469 ± 0.009	3.124GluIle: 3.124 ± 0.015	5.253GluLys: 5.253 ± 0.029	6.451GluLeu: 6.451 ± 0.028	1.641GluMet: 1.641 ± 0.01	3.018GluAsn: 3.018 ± 0.015	3.342GluPro: 3.342 ± 0.02	3.064GluGln: 3.064 ± 0.015	4.008GluArg: 4.008 ± 0.02	4.364GluSer: 4.364 ± 0.018	3.383GluThr: 3.383 ± 0.015	4.156GluVal: 4.156 ± 0.019	0.688GluTrp: 0.688 ± 0.006	1.556GluTyr: 1.556 ± 0.009	0.0GluXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Phe	1.963PheAla: 1.963 ± 0.01	0.961PheCys: 0.961 ± 0.008	1.664PheAsp: 1.664 ± 0.011	1.957PheGlu: 1.957 ± 0.01	1.674PhePhe: 1.674 ± 0.013	2.197PheGly: 2.197 ± 0.012	1.036PheHis: 1.036 ± 0.008	1.878PheIle: 1.878 ± 0.011	1.744PheLys: 1.744 ± 0.012	4.204PheLeu: 4.204 ± 0.02	0.763PheMet: 0.763 ± 0.006	1.342PheAsn: 1.342 ± 0.01	2.048PhePro: 2.048 ± 0.011	1.795PheGln: 1.795 ± 0.01	2.004PheArg: 2.004 ± 0.011	3.401PheSer: 3.401 ± 0.014	2.026PheThr: 2.026 ± 0.011	2.157PheVal: 2.157 ± 0.012	0.5PheTrp: 0.5 ± 0.005	1.217PheTyr: 1.217 ± 0.008	0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly	4.761GlyAla: 4.761 ± 0.025	1.352GlyCys: 1.352 ± 0.011	3.166GlyAsp: 3.166 ± 0.017	4.083GlyGlu: 4.083 ± 0.022	2.456GlyPhe: 2.456 ± 0.014	5.25GlyGly: 5.25 ± 0.035	1.716GlyHis: 1.716 ± 0.009	2.729GlyIle: 2.729 ± 0.013	3.671GlyLys: 3.671 ± 0.019	6.03GlyLeu: 6.03 ± 0.024	1.248GlyMet: 1.248 ± 0.011	2.312GlyAsn: 2.312 ± 0.013	4.518GlyPro: 4.518 ± 0.049	2.789GlyGln: 2.789 ± 0.016	4.002GlyArg: 4.002 ± 0.02	5.929GlySer: 5.929 ± 0.025	3.579GlyThr: 3.579 ± 0.018	3.629GlyVal: 3.629 ± 0.02	0.84GlyTrp: 0.84 ± 0.009	1.708GlyTyr: 1.708 ± 0.013	0.0GlyXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
His	1.337HisAla: 1.337 ± 0.009	0.729HisCys: 0.729 ± 0.007	0.877HisAsp: 0.877 ± 0.005	1.267HisGlu: 1.267 ± 0.008	1.096HisPhe: 1.096 ± 0.007	1.554HisGly: 1.554 ± 0.009	0.879HisHis: 0.879 ± 0.009	1.199HisIle: 1.199 ± 0.009	1.201HisLys: 1.201 ± 0.007	2.952HisLeu: 2.952 ± 0.016	0.551HisMet: 0.551 ± 0.005	0.825HisAsn: 0.825 ± 0.007	1.667HisPro: 1.667 ± 0.009	1.285HisGln: 1.285 ± 0.011	1.606HisArg: 1.606 ± 0.009	2.233HisSer: 2.233 ± 0.011	1.453HisThr: 1.453 ± 0.011	1.512HisVal: 1.512 ± 0.009	0.35HisTrp: 0.35 ± 0.004	0.792HisTyr: 0.792 ± 0.007	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	2.546IleAla: 2.546 ± 0.014	1.09IleCys: 1.09 ± 0.009	1.984IleAsp: 1.984 ± 0.013	2.49IleGlu: 2.49 ± 0.013	1.918IlePhe: 1.918 ± 0.011	2.18IleGly: 2.18 ± 0.013	1.313IleHis: 1.313 ± 0.01	2.353IleIle: 2.353 ± 0.014	2.586IleLys: 2.586 ± 0.015	4.625IleLeu: 4.625 ± 0.02	1.014IleMet: 1.014 ± 0.009	1.826IleAsn: 1.826 ± 0.011	2.604IlePro: 2.604 ± 0.012	2.289IleGln: 2.289 ± 0.011	2.354IleArg: 2.354 ± 0.01	3.669IleSer: 3.669 ± 0.014	2.569IleThr: 2.569 ± 0.012	2.441IleVal: 2.441 ± 0.013	0.516IleTrp: 0.516 ± 0.005	1.419IleTyr: 1.419 ± 0.009	0.0IleXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Lys	4.05LysAla: 4.05 ± 0.022	1.09LysCys: 1.09 ± 0.009	3.115LysAsp: 3.115 ± 0.015	5.031LysGlu: 5.031 ± 0.026	1.691LysPhe: 1.691 ± 0.012	3.216LysGly: 3.216 ± 0.028	1.35LysHis: 1.35 ± 0.01	2.741LysIle: 2.741 ± 0.015	4.54LysLys: 4.54 ± 0.029	5.101LysLeu: 5.101 ± 0.022	1.425LysMet: 1.425 ± 0.014	2.306LysAsn: 2.306 ± 0.015	3.022LysPro: 3.022 ± 0.018	2.538LysGln: 2.538 ± 0.014	3.19LysArg: 3.19 ± 0.016	3.829LysSer: 3.829 ± 0.02	3.048LysThr: 3.048 ± 0.015	3.438LysVal: 3.438 ± 0.019	0.6LysTrp: 0.6 ± 0.005	1.518LysTyr: 1.518 ± 0.014	0.0LysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Leu	6.929LeuAla: 6.929 ± 0.025	2.24LeuCys: 2.24 ± 0.014	4.736LeuAsp: 4.736 ± 0.018	7.183LeuGlu: 7.183 ± 0.032	3.479LeuPhe: 3.479 ± 0.019	6.063LeuGly: 6.063 ± 0.023	2.7LeuHis: 2.7 ± 0.012	3.897LeuIle: 3.897 ± 0.019	5.765LeuLys: 5.765 ± 0.026	11.007LeuLeu: 11.007 ± 0.042	2.029LeuMet: 2.029 ± 0.011	3.491LeuAsn: 3.491 ± 0.015	6.102LeuPro: 6.102 ± 0.025	5.797LeuGln: 5.797 ± 0.024	6.066LeuArg: 6.066 ± 0.023	8.089LeuSer: 8.089 ± 0.024	5.121LeuThr: 5.121 ± 0.018	5.546LeuVal: 5.546 ± 0.022	1.194LeuTrp: 1.194 ± 0.008	2.568LeuTyr: 2.568 ± 0.014	0.0LeuXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Met	1.898MetAla: 1.898 ± 0.01	0.39MetCys: 0.39 ± 0.004	1.247MetAsp: 1.247 ± 0.008	1.776MetGlu: 1.776 ± 0.009	0.716MetPhe: 0.716 ± 0.006	1.278MetGly: 1.278 ± 0.009	0.435MetHis: 0.435 ± 0.005	0.829MetIle: 0.829 ± 0.007	1.424MetLys: 1.424 ± 0.009	1.98MetLeu: 1.98 ± 0.012	0.555MetMet: 0.555 ± 0.006	0.879MetAsn: 0.879 ± 0.007	1.071MetPro: 1.071 ± 0.015	0.885MetGln: 0.885 ± 0.007	1.023MetArg: 1.023 ± 0.007	1.522MetSer: 1.522 ± 0.01	1.111MetThr: 1.111 ± 0.008	1.375MetVal: 1.375 ± 0.01	0.238MetTrp: 0.238 ± 0.003	0.607MetTyr: 0.607 ± 0.006	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	1.994AsnAla: 1.994 ± 0.011	0.83AsnCys: 0.83 ± 0.008	1.45AsnAsp: 1.45 ± 0.01	2.13AsnGlu: 2.13 ± 0.013	1.45AsnPhe: 1.45 ± 0.01	2.393AsnGly: 2.393 ± 0.013	0.92AsnHis: 0.92 ± 0.007	2.124AsnIle: 2.124 ± 0.011	2.15AsnLys: 2.15 ± 0.013	3.695AsnLeu: 3.695 ± 0.016	0.854AsnMet: 0.854 ± 0.008	1.464AsnAsn: 1.464 ± 0.011	2.146AsnPro: 2.146 ± 0.012	1.631AsnGln: 1.631 ± 0.01	1.791AsnArg: 1.791 ± 0.01	2.993AsnSer: 2.993 ± 0.014	1.889AsnThr: 1.889 ± 0.01	2.135AsnVal: 2.135 ± 0.01	0.435AsnTrp: 0.435 ± 0.004	1.104AsnTyr: 1.104 ± 0.008	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	5.154ProAla: 5.154 ± 0.03	1.192ProCys: 1.192 ± 0.014	2.844ProAsp: 2.844 ± 0.021	4.576ProGlu: 4.576 ± 0.023	1.929ProPhe: 1.929 ± 0.01	5.6ProGly: 5.6 ± 0.049	1.44ProHis: 1.44 ± 0.008	1.815ProIle: 1.815 ± 0.01	2.804ProLys: 2.804 ± 0.031	5.36ProLeu: 5.36 ± 0.019	1.058ProMet: 1.058 ± 0.008	1.743ProAsn: 1.743 ± 0.011	6.313ProPro: 6.313 ± 0.056	2.855ProGln: 2.855 ± 0.016	3.517ProArg: 3.517 ± 0.023	5.809ProSer: 5.809 ± 0.03	3.112ProThr: 3.112 ± 0.021	3.872ProVal: 3.872 ± 0.018	0.738ProTrp: 0.738 ± 0.008	1.439ProTyr: 1.439 ± 0.01	0.0ProXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gln	3.551GlnAla: 3.551 ± 0.018	0.949GlnCys: 0.949 ± 0.009	2.33GlnAsp: 2.33 ± 0.01	3.871GlnGlu: 3.871 ± 0.018	1.345GlnPhe: 1.345 ± 0.009	2.88GlnGly: 2.88 ± 0.017	1.25GlnHis: 1.25 ± 0.008	1.971GlnIle: 1.971 ± 0.009	2.889GlnLys: 2.889 ± 0.017	4.722GlnLeu: 4.722 ± 0.021	1.077GlnMet: 1.077 ± 0.008	1.779GlnAsn: 1.779 ± 0.01	2.824GlnPro: 2.824 ± 0.019	2.927GlnGln: 2.927 ± 0.026	2.979GlnArg: 2.979 ± 0.016	3.085GlnSer: 3.085 ± 0.014	2.289GlnThr: 2.289 ± 0.012	2.822GlnVal: 2.822 ± 0.013	0.544GlnTrp: 0.544 ± 0.005	1.128GlnTyr: 1.128 ± 0.008	0.0GlnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Arg	4.028ArgAla: 4.028 ± 0.019	1.271ArgCys: 1.271 ± 0.012	2.761ArgAsp: 2.761 ± 0.012	4.04ArgGlu: 4.04 ± 0.02	1.843ArgPhe: 1.843 ± 0.011	3.76ArgGly: 3.76 ± 0.02	1.528ArgHis: 1.528 ± 0.009	2.4ArgIle: 2.4 ± 0.013	3.606ArgLys: 3.606 ± 0.018	5.555ArgLeu: 5.555 ± 0.022	1.17ArgMet: 1.17 ± 0.008	2.129ArgAsn: 2.129 ± 0.01	3.391ArgPro: 3.391 ± 0.019	2.652ArgGln: 2.652 ± 0.017	4.477ArgArg: 4.477 ± 0.025	4.289ArgSer: 4.289 ± 0.025	2.861ArgThr: 2.861 ± 0.013	3.232ArgVal: 3.232 ± 0.015	0.739ArgTrp: 0.739 ± 0.006	1.458ArgTyr: 1.458 ± 0.009	0.0ArgXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ser	5.364SerAla: 5.364 ± 0.021	1.899SerCys: 1.899 ± 0.013	3.877SerAsp: 3.877 ± 0.026	5.166SerGlu: 5.166 ± 0.022	3.045SerPhe: 3.045 ± 0.013	5.703SerGly: 5.703 ± 0.025	2.089SerHis: 2.089 ± 0.011	3.223SerIle: 3.223 ± 0.011	4.0SerLys: 4.0 ± 0.018	8.292SerLeu: 8.292 ± 0.023	1.574SerMet: 1.574 ± 0.011	2.601SerAsn: 2.601 ± 0.012	6.138SerPro: 6.138 ± 0.033	3.818SerGln: 3.818 ± 0.015	4.617SerArg: 4.617 ± 0.023	9.206SerSer: 9.206 ± 0.045	4.378SerThr: 4.378 ± 0.018	4.927SerVal: 4.927 ± 0.018	1.114SerTrp: 1.114 ± 0.008	2.067SerTyr: 2.067 ± 0.011	0.0SerXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Thr	3.797ThrAla: 3.797 ± 0.013	1.346ThrCys: 1.346 ± 0.012	2.467ThrAsp: 2.467 ± 0.013	3.484ThrGlu: 3.484 ± 0.015	2.046ThrPhe: 2.046 ± 0.009	3.504ThrGly: 3.504 ± 0.017	1.282ThrHis: 1.282 ± 0.01	2.363ThrIle: 2.363 ± 0.012	2.572ThrLys: 2.572 ± 0.015	5.351ThrLeu: 5.351 ± 0.018	1.075ThrMet: 1.075 ± 0.007	1.647ThrAsn: 1.647 ± 0.011	3.592ThrPro: 3.592 ± 0.022	2.252ThrGln: 2.252 ± 0.01	2.463ThrArg: 2.463 ± 0.011	4.544ThrSer: 4.544 ± 0.021	2.941ThrThr: 2.941 ± 0.023	3.931ThrVal: 3.931 ± 0.018	0.693ThrTrp: 0.693 ± 0.007	1.417ThrTyr: 1.417 ± 0.01	0.0ThrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Val	4.235ValAla: 4.235 ± 0.016	1.508ValCys: 1.508 ± 0.012	2.966ValAsp: 2.966 ± 0.022	3.803ValGlu: 3.803 ± 0.016	2.451ValPhe: 2.451 ± 0.014	3.432ValGly: 3.432 ± 0.019	1.543ValHis: 1.543 ± 0.01	2.925ValIle: 2.925 ± 0.013	3.369ValLys: 3.369 ± 0.016	6.271ValLeu: 6.271 ± 0.025	1.35ValMet: 1.35 ± 0.009	2.221ValAsn: 2.221 ± 0.011	3.666ValPro: 3.666 ± 0.018	2.721ValGln: 2.721 ± 0.014	3.122ValArg: 3.122 ± 0.013	4.987ValSer: 4.987 ± 0.017	3.763ValThr: 3.763 ± 0.015	3.991ValVal: 3.991 ± 0.018	0.727ValTrp: 0.727 ± 0.007	1.638ValTyr: 1.638 ± 0.009	0.0ValXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Trp	0.828TrpAla: 0.828 ± 0.007	0.258TrpCys: 0.258 ± 0.004	0.668TrpAsp: 0.668 ± 0.006	0.812TrpGlu: 0.812 ± 0.007	0.446TrpPhe: 0.446 ± 0.005	0.778TrpGly: 0.778 ± 0.008	0.299TrpHis: 0.299 ± 0.005	0.57TrpIle: 0.57 ± 0.006	0.826TrpLys: 0.826 ± 0.007	1.222TrpLeu: 1.222 ± 0.008	0.314TrpMet: 0.314 ± 0.004	0.541TrpAsn: 0.541 ± 0.005	0.553TrpPro: 0.553 ± 0.005	0.521TrpGln: 0.521 ± 0.005	0.765TrpArg: 0.765 ± 0.006	0.916TrpSer: 0.916 ± 0.009	0.7TrpThr: 0.7 ± 0.007	0.728TrpVal: 0.728 ± 0.006	0.193TrpTrp: 0.193 ± 0.003	0.329TrpTyr: 0.329 ± 0.004	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.418TyrAla: 1.418 ± 0.01	0.664TyrCys: 0.664 ± 0.006	1.281TyrAsp: 1.281 ± 0.01	1.647TyrGlu: 1.647 ± 0.01	1.279TyrPhe: 1.279 ± 0.01	1.673TyrGly: 1.673 ± 0.011	0.72TyrHis: 0.72 ± 0.006	1.351TyrIle: 1.351 ± 0.009	1.486TyrLys: 1.486 ± 0.02	2.651TyrLeu: 2.651 ± 0.013	0.577TyrMet: 0.577 ± 0.006	1.067TyrAsn: 1.067 ± 0.008	1.265TyrPro: 1.265 ± 0.009	1.242TyrGln: 1.242 ± 0.008	1.591TyrArg: 1.591 ± 0.01	2.187TyrSer: 2.187 ± 0.013	1.496TyrThr: 1.496 ± 0.01	1.578TyrVal: 1.578 ± 0.01	0.367TyrTrp: 0.367 ± 0.006	0.936TyrTyr: 0.936 ± 0.008	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.0XaaAla: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGlu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGly: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaIle: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLeu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPro: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGln: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaArg: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaSer: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaVal: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTyr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0

Statistics based on 37882 proteins (22676720 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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