Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Bremia lactucae (Lettuce downy mildew)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	7.719AlaAla: 7.719 ± 0.062	1.353AlaCys: 1.353 ± 0.021	3.745AlaAsp: 3.745 ± 0.031	4.496AlaGlu: 4.496 ± 0.036	3.323AlaPhe: 3.323 ± 0.034	3.997AlaGly: 3.997 ± 0.041	1.809AlaHis: 1.809 ± 0.023	4.414AlaIle: 4.414 ± 0.036	4.457AlaLys: 4.457 ± 0.044	8.583AlaLeu: 8.583 ± 0.059	2.291AlaMet: 2.291 ± 0.025	3.084AlaAsn: 3.084 ± 0.034	3.302AlaPro: 3.302 ± 0.036	3.214AlaGln: 3.214 ± 0.034	4.443AlaArg: 4.443 ± 0.036	7.21AlaSer: 7.21 ± 0.047	5.368AlaThr: 5.368 ± 0.042	5.539AlaVal: 5.539 ± 0.041	0.832AlaTrp: 0.832 ± 0.016	1.995AlaTyr: 1.995 ± 0.022	0.0AlaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Cys	1.364CysAla: 1.364 ± 0.02	0.44CysCys: 0.44 ± 0.012	0.96CysAsp: 0.96 ± 0.02	0.988CysGlu: 0.988 ± 0.017	0.789CysPhe: 0.789 ± 0.014	1.273CysGly: 1.273 ± 0.022	0.513CysHis: 0.513 ± 0.012	0.976CysIle: 0.976 ± 0.015	0.855CysLys: 0.855 ± 0.017	1.617CysLeu: 1.617 ± 0.022	0.447CysMet: 0.447 ± 0.01	0.709CysAsn: 0.709 ± 0.016	0.737CysPro: 0.737 ± 0.016	0.658CysGln: 0.658 ± 0.013	1.082CysArg: 1.082 ± 0.016	1.51CysSer: 1.51 ± 0.023	0.973CysThr: 0.973 ± 0.018	1.346CysVal: 1.346 ± 0.021	0.229CysTrp: 0.229 ± 0.009	0.48CysTyr: 0.48 ± 0.009	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	4.753AspAla: 4.753 ± 0.036	0.867AspCys: 0.867 ± 0.014	3.974AspAsp: 3.974 ± 0.047	4.502AspGlu: 4.502 ± 0.041	2.297AspPhe: 2.297 ± 0.024	3.355AspGly: 3.355 ± 0.032	1.22AspHis: 1.22 ± 0.017	2.723AspIle: 2.723 ± 0.032	2.671AspLys: 2.671 ± 0.027	4.874AspLeu: 4.874 ± 0.038	1.361AspMet: 1.361 ± 0.017	1.956AspAsn: 1.956 ± 0.023	2.225AspPro: 2.225 ± 0.027	1.843AspGln: 1.843 ± 0.023	2.76AspArg: 2.76 ± 0.029	4.014AspSer: 4.014 ± 0.033	2.996AspThr: 2.996 ± 0.029	4.281AspVal: 4.281 ± 0.032	0.611AspTrp: 0.611 ± 0.012	1.395AspTyr: 1.395 ± 0.018	0.0AspXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Glu	5.259GluAla: 5.259 ± 0.045	0.993GluCys: 0.993 ± 0.016	3.672GluAsp: 3.672 ± 0.038	4.866GluGlu: 4.866 ± 0.053	2.259GluPhe: 2.259 ± 0.026	2.823GluGly: 2.823 ± 0.028	1.556GluHis: 1.556 ± 0.021	3.297GluIle: 3.297 ± 0.033	4.084GluLys: 4.084 ± 0.044	6.507GluLeu: 6.507 ± 0.049	1.842GluMet: 1.842 ± 0.022	2.801GluAsn: 2.801 ± 0.028	2.033GluPro: 2.033 ± 0.021	2.659GluGln: 2.659 ± 0.029	3.804GluArg: 3.804 ± 0.037	4.556GluSer: 4.556 ± 0.04	3.56GluThr: 3.56 ± 0.04	3.877GluVal: 3.877 ± 0.035	0.725GluTrp: 0.725 ± 0.013	1.65GluTyr: 1.65 ± 0.025	0.0GluXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Phe	3.131PheAla: 3.131 ± 0.029	0.859PheCys: 0.859 ± 0.015	2.385PheAsp: 2.385 ± 0.026	2.452PheGlu: 2.452 ± 0.024	1.72PhePhe: 1.72 ± 0.027	2.624PheGly: 2.624 ± 0.038	1.082PheHis: 1.082 ± 0.016	1.79PheIle: 1.79 ± 0.022	1.801PheLys: 1.801 ± 0.02	3.89PheLeu: 3.89 ± 0.037	0.952PheMet: 0.952 ± 0.016	1.461PheAsn: 1.461 ± 0.021	1.688PhePro: 1.688 ± 0.022	1.774PheGln: 1.774 ± 0.02	2.171PheArg: 2.171 ± 0.022	3.149PheSer: 3.149 ± 0.032	2.044PheThr: 2.044 ± 0.024	3.039PheVal: 3.039 ± 0.034	0.46PheTrp: 0.46 ± 0.01	1.244PheTyr: 1.244 ± 0.019	0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly	4.066GlyAla: 4.066 ± 0.04	0.994GlyCys: 0.994 ± 0.019	3.025GlyAsp: 3.025 ± 0.03	2.899GlyGlu: 2.899 ± 0.036	2.384GlyPhe: 2.384 ± 0.028	3.969GlyGly: 3.969 ± 0.066	1.456GlyHis: 1.456 ± 0.024	3.082GlyIle: 3.082 ± 0.033	3.173GlyLys: 3.173 ± 0.029	4.925GlyLeu: 4.925 ± 0.044	1.505GlyMet: 1.505 ± 0.024	2.414GlyAsn: 2.414 ± 0.03	1.884GlyPro: 1.884 ± 0.024	1.884GlyGln: 1.884 ± 0.028	3.137GlyArg: 3.137 ± 0.033	4.556GlySer: 4.556 ± 0.041	3.137GlyThr: 3.137 ± 0.031	3.921GlyVal: 3.921 ± 0.041	0.65GlyTrp: 0.65 ± 0.014	1.657GlyTyr: 1.657 ± 0.027	0.0GlyXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
His	2.05HisAla: 2.05 ± 0.024	0.512HisCys: 0.512 ± 0.012	1.407HisAsp: 1.407 ± 0.021	1.739HisGlu: 1.739 ± 0.026	1.165HisPhe: 1.165 ± 0.016	1.586HisGly: 1.586 ± 0.021	0.798HisHis: 0.798 ± 0.014	1.126HisIle: 1.126 ± 0.017	1.102HisLys: 1.102 ± 0.016	2.532HisLeu: 2.532 ± 0.028	0.604HisMet: 0.604 ± 0.013	0.877HisAsn: 0.877 ± 0.016	1.245HisPro: 1.245 ± 0.02	1.153HisGln: 1.153 ± 0.02	1.607HisArg: 1.607 ± 0.021	1.916HisSer: 1.916 ± 0.023	1.261HisThr: 1.261 ± 0.016	2.065HisVal: 2.065 ± 0.026	0.303HisTrp: 0.303 ± 0.008	0.745HisTyr: 0.745 ± 0.015	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	4.236IleAla: 4.236 ± 0.036	0.986IleCys: 0.986 ± 0.018	3.01IleAsp: 3.01 ± 0.032	3.259IleGlu: 3.259 ± 0.026	1.882IlePhe: 1.882 ± 0.027	2.855IleGly: 2.855 ± 0.032	1.18IleHis: 1.18 ± 0.017	2.218IleIle: 2.218 ± 0.028	2.654IleLys: 2.654 ± 0.028	4.516IleLeu: 4.516 ± 0.04	1.142IleMet: 1.142 ± 0.017	1.974IleAsn: 1.974 ± 0.023	2.237IlePro: 2.237 ± 0.025	2.095IleGln: 2.095 ± 0.025	2.739IleArg: 2.739 ± 0.027	3.77IleSer: 3.77 ± 0.033	2.545IleThr: 2.545 ± 0.033	3.764IleVal: 3.764 ± 0.03	0.541IleTrp: 0.541 ± 0.015	1.29IleTyr: 1.29 ± 0.019	0.0IleXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Lys	4.309LysAla: 4.309 ± 0.037	0.923LysCys: 0.923 ± 0.016	2.803LysAsp: 2.803 ± 0.033	3.693LysGlu: 3.693 ± 0.045	1.834LysPhe: 1.834 ± 0.025	2.468LysGly: 2.468 ± 0.028	1.493LysHis: 1.493 ± 0.019	2.63LysIle: 2.63 ± 0.028	4.24LysLys: 4.24 ± 0.062	5.475LysLeu: 5.475 ± 0.04	1.45LysMet: 1.45 ± 0.019	2.321LysAsn: 2.321 ± 0.024	2.147LysPro: 2.147 ± 0.027	2.493LysGln: 2.493 ± 0.028	4.013LysArg: 4.013 ± 0.035	4.111LysSer: 4.111 ± 0.038	3.269LysThr: 3.269 ± 0.032	3.401LysVal: 3.401 ± 0.033	0.707LysTrp: 0.707 ± 0.013	1.6LysTyr: 1.6 ± 0.021	0.0LysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Leu	7.882LeuAla: 7.882 ± 0.05	1.894LeuCys: 1.894 ± 0.023	5.177LeuAsp: 5.177 ± 0.043	6.323LeuGlu: 6.323 ± 0.051	3.69LeuPhe: 3.69 ± 0.037	4.823LeuGly: 4.823 ± 0.044	2.832LeuHis: 2.832 ± 0.03	4.046LeuIle: 4.046 ± 0.036	5.463LeuLys: 5.463 ± 0.046	10.64LeuLeu: 10.64 ± 0.089	2.356LeuMet: 2.356 ± 0.025	3.877LeuAsn: 3.877 ± 0.034	4.774LeuPro: 4.774 ± 0.039	5.128LeuGln: 5.128 ± 0.044	6.332LeuArg: 6.332 ± 0.05	8.07LeuSer: 8.07 ± 0.049	5.159LeuThr: 5.159 ± 0.041	6.673LeuVal: 6.673 ± 0.046	1.087LeuTrp: 1.087 ± 0.018	2.639LeuTyr: 2.639 ± 0.028	0.0LeuXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Met	2.263MetAla: 2.263 ± 0.027	0.405MetCys: 0.405 ± 0.01	1.477MetAsp: 1.477 ± 0.019	1.791MetGlu: 1.791 ± 0.021	0.809MetPhe: 0.809 ± 0.014	1.355MetGly: 1.355 ± 0.021	0.684MetHis: 0.684 ± 0.013	1.076MetIle: 1.076 ± 0.019	1.526MetLys: 1.526 ± 0.021	2.653MetLeu: 2.653 ± 0.026	0.703MetMet: 0.703 ± 0.015	1.065MetAsn: 1.065 ± 0.017	1.225MetPro: 1.225 ± 0.021	1.208MetGln: 1.208 ± 0.018	1.525MetArg: 1.525 ± 0.021	1.937MetSer: 1.937 ± 0.023	1.602MetThr: 1.602 ± 0.022	1.547MetVal: 1.547 ± 0.022	0.293MetTrp: 0.293 ± 0.009	0.685MetTyr: 0.685 ± 0.015	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	3.523AsnAla: 3.523 ± 0.037	0.751AsnCys: 0.751 ± 0.016	2.474AsnAsp: 2.474 ± 0.027	2.853AsnGlu: 2.853 ± 0.031	1.576AsnPhe: 1.576 ± 0.023	2.667AsnGly: 2.667 ± 0.031	0.939AsnHis: 0.939 ± 0.015	1.891AsnIle: 1.891 ± 0.025	1.935AsnLys: 1.935 ± 0.02	3.529AsnLeu: 3.529 ± 0.037	0.968AsnMet: 0.968 ± 0.018	1.532AsnAsn: 1.532 ± 0.022	1.757AsnPro: 1.757 ± 0.026	1.497AsnGln: 1.497 ± 0.02	2.09AsnArg: 2.09 ± 0.024	3.185AsnSer: 3.185 ± 0.034	2.203AsnThr: 2.203 ± 0.028	3.093AsnVal: 3.093 ± 0.03	0.456AsnTrp: 0.456 ± 0.012	1.088AsnTyr: 1.088 ± 0.018	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	3.082ProAla: 3.082 ± 0.033	0.61ProCys: 0.61 ± 0.014	2.068ProAsp: 2.068 ± 0.026	2.498ProGlu: 2.498 ± 0.029	1.834ProPhe: 1.834 ± 0.02	2.082ProGly: 2.082 ± 0.031	1.105ProHis: 1.105 ± 0.02	2.182ProIle: 2.182 ± 0.026	2.077ProLys: 2.077 ± 0.026	4.373ProLeu: 4.373 ± 0.043	1.095ProMet: 1.095 ± 0.015	1.674ProAsn: 1.674 ± 0.025	2.617ProPro: 2.617 ± 0.047	1.713ProGln: 1.713 ± 0.024	2.507ProArg: 2.507 ± 0.032	4.318ProSer: 4.318 ± 0.044	2.887ProThr: 2.887 ± 0.038	2.948ProVal: 2.948 ± 0.029	0.478ProTrp: 0.478 ± 0.011	1.096ProTyr: 1.096 ± 0.015	0.0ProXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gln	3.128GlnAla: 3.128 ± 0.029	0.719GlnCys: 0.719 ± 0.015	1.998GlnAsp: 1.998 ± 0.024	2.729GlnGlu: 2.729 ± 0.033	1.546GlnPhe: 1.546 ± 0.022	1.736GlnGly: 1.736 ± 0.02	1.35GlnHis: 1.35 ± 0.021	2.056GlnIle: 2.056 ± 0.024	2.372GlnLys: 2.372 ± 0.029	4.75GlnLeu: 4.75 ± 0.04	1.15GlnMet: 1.15 ± 0.016	1.618GlnAsn: 1.618 ± 0.023	1.641GlnPro: 1.641 ± 0.027	2.772GlnGln: 2.772 ± 0.057	2.973GlnArg: 2.973 ± 0.035	3.143GlnSer: 3.143 ± 0.03	2.242GlnThr: 2.242 ± 0.026	2.636GlnVal: 2.636 ± 0.024	0.56GlnTrp: 0.56 ± 0.013	1.201GlnTyr: 1.201 ± 0.015	0.0GlnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Arg	4.363ArgAla: 4.363 ± 0.036	1.063ArgCys: 1.063 ± 0.019	3.019ArgAsp: 3.019 ± 0.025	3.561ArgGlu: 3.561 ± 0.031	2.378ArgPhe: 2.378 ± 0.024	3.184ArgGly: 3.184 ± 0.038	1.762ArgHis: 1.762 ± 0.021	2.911ArgIle: 2.911 ± 0.027	3.743ArgLys: 3.743 ± 0.035	5.879ArgLeu: 5.879 ± 0.044	1.553ArgMet: 1.553 ± 0.02	2.51ArgAsn: 2.51 ± 0.026	2.295ArgPro: 2.295 ± 0.027	2.81ArgGln: 2.81 ± 0.028	4.73ArgArg: 4.73 ± 0.046	4.805ArgSer: 4.805 ± 0.042	3.028ArgThr: 3.028 ± 0.029	4.055ArgVal: 4.055 ± 0.03	0.747ArgTrp: 0.747 ± 0.013	1.69ArgTyr: 1.69 ± 0.019	0.0ArgXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ser	6.275SerAla: 6.275 ± 0.047	1.486SerCys: 1.486 ± 0.02	4.422SerAsp: 4.422 ± 0.038	4.324SerGlu: 4.324 ± 0.041	3.402SerPhe: 3.402 ± 0.03	4.745SerGly: 4.745 ± 0.042	1.891SerHis: 1.891 ± 0.026	4.367SerIle: 4.367 ± 0.038	4.425SerLys: 4.425 ± 0.038	7.467SerLeu: 7.467 ± 0.046	2.157SerMet: 2.157 ± 0.024	3.571SerAsn: 3.571 ± 0.035	3.791SerPro: 3.791 ± 0.043	2.908SerGln: 2.908 ± 0.026	4.816SerArg: 4.816 ± 0.038	9.284SerSer: 9.284 ± 0.081	5.438SerThr: 5.438 ± 0.053	5.44SerVal: 5.44 ± 0.037	0.903SerTrp: 0.903 ± 0.015	2.056SerTyr: 2.056 ± 0.023	0.0SerXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Thr	4.585ThrAla: 4.585 ± 0.041	1.038ThrCys: 1.038 ± 0.015	2.813ThrAsp: 2.813 ± 0.031	3.207ThrGlu: 3.207 ± 0.037	2.362ThrPhe: 2.362 ± 0.028	3.142ThrGly: 3.142 ± 0.031	1.356ThrHis: 1.356 ± 0.02	3.08ThrIle: 3.08 ± 0.027	3.18ThrLys: 3.18 ± 0.032	5.665ThrLeu: 5.665 ± 0.042	1.487ThrMet: 1.487 ± 0.02	2.347ThrAsn: 2.347 ± 0.027	3.004ThrPro: 3.004 ± 0.036	2.136ThrGln: 2.136 ± 0.023	3.24ThrArg: 3.24 ± 0.029	5.541ThrSer: 5.541 ± 0.045	4.003ThrThr: 4.003 ± 0.045	3.513ThrVal: 3.513 ± 0.033	0.64ThrTrp: 0.64 ± 0.014	1.459ThrTyr: 1.459 ± 0.018	0.0ThrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Val	6.377ValAla: 6.377 ± 0.044	1.251ValCys: 1.251 ± 0.02	4.015ValAsp: 4.015 ± 0.035	4.383ValGlu: 4.383 ± 0.031	2.77ValPhe: 2.77 ± 0.033	3.645ValGly: 3.645 ± 0.043	1.699ValHis: 1.699 ± 0.019	3.18ValIle: 3.18 ± 0.03	3.559ValLys: 3.559 ± 0.034	7.145ValLeu: 7.145 ± 0.052	1.708ValMet: 1.708 ± 0.021	2.57ValAsn: 2.57 ± 0.025	3.141ValPro: 3.141 ± 0.031	2.771ValGln: 2.771 ± 0.029	3.725ValArg: 3.725 ± 0.032	5.265ValSer: 5.265 ± 0.041	3.958ValThr: 3.958 ± 0.038	5.338ValVal: 5.338 ± 0.041	0.748ValTrp: 0.748 ± 0.013	1.829ValTyr: 1.829 ± 0.02	0.0ValXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Trp	0.663TrpAla: 0.663 ± 0.014	0.224TrpCys: 0.224 ± 0.008	0.62TrpAsp: 0.62 ± 0.014	0.569TrpGlu: 0.569 ± 0.013	0.461TrpPhe: 0.461 ± 0.011	0.579TrpGly: 0.579 ± 0.015	0.328TrpHis: 0.328 ± 0.01	0.642TrpIle: 0.642 ± 0.014	0.817TrpLys: 0.817 ± 0.015	1.23TrpLeu: 1.23 ± 0.023	0.358TrpMet: 0.358 ± 0.009	0.58TrpAsn: 0.58 ± 0.014	0.384TrpPro: 0.384 ± 0.011	0.509TrpGln: 0.509 ± 0.013	0.776TrpArg: 0.776 ± 0.014	0.871TrpSer: 0.871 ± 0.016	0.709TrpThr: 0.709 ± 0.014	0.655TrpVal: 0.655 ± 0.013	0.168TrpTrp: 0.168 ± 0.006	0.341TrpTyr: 0.341 ± 0.01	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	2.144TyrAla: 2.144 ± 0.026	0.577TyrCys: 0.577 ± 0.013	1.613TyrAsp: 1.613 ± 0.02	1.691TyrGlu: 1.691 ± 0.022	1.231TyrPhe: 1.231 ± 0.018	1.807TyrGly: 1.807 ± 0.024	0.741TyrHis: 0.741 ± 0.015	1.208TyrIle: 1.208 ± 0.018	1.243TyrLys: 1.243 ± 0.016	2.616TyrLeu: 2.616 ± 0.032	0.7TyrMet: 0.7 ± 0.013	1.063TyrAsn: 1.063 ± 0.018	1.119TyrPro: 1.119 ± 0.017	1.099TyrGln: 1.099 ± 0.017	1.612TyrArg: 1.612 ± 0.02	1.957TyrSer: 1.957 ± 0.025	1.417TyrThr: 1.417 ± 0.023	1.948TyrVal: 1.948 ± 0.024	0.351TyrTrp: 0.351 ± 0.01	0.854TyrTyr: 0.854 ± 0.017	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.0XaaAla: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGlu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGly: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaIle: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLeu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPro: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGln: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaArg: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaSer: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaVal: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTyr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0

Statistics based on 9237 proteins (4072588 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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