Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Plasmodium falciparum (isolate Camp / Malaysia)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	0.806AlaAla: 0.806 ± 0.025	0.481AlaCys: 0.481 ± 0.014	1.038AlaAsp: 1.038 ± 0.02	1.143AlaGlu: 1.143 ± 0.024	0.929AlaPhe: 0.929 ± 0.019	0.694AlaGly: 0.694 ± 0.019	0.583AlaHis: 0.583 ± 0.015	1.595AlaIle: 1.595 ± 0.025	1.729AlaLys: 1.729 ± 0.031	1.898AlaLeu: 1.898 ± 0.032	0.368AlaMet: 0.368 ± 0.011	1.556AlaAsn: 1.556 ± 0.024	0.55AlaPro: 0.55 ± 0.017	0.685AlaGln: 0.685 ± 0.015	0.581AlaArg: 0.581 ± 0.016	1.449AlaSer: 1.449 ± 0.026	0.952AlaThr: 0.952 ± 0.024	0.844AlaVal: 0.844 ± 0.02	0.133AlaTrp: 0.133 ± 0.007	1.104AlaTyr: 1.104 ± 0.017	0.0AlaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Cys	0.525CysAla: 0.525 ± 0.012	0.329CysCys: 0.329 ± 0.011	1.264CysAsp: 1.264 ± 0.023	1.087CysGlu: 1.087 ± 0.016	0.871CysPhe: 0.871 ± 0.016	0.692CysGly: 0.692 ± 0.016	0.329CysHis: 0.329 ± 0.008	1.781CysIle: 1.781 ± 0.029	1.64CysLys: 1.64 ± 0.024	1.562CysLeu: 1.562 ± 0.024	0.371CysMet: 0.371 ± 0.011	1.891CysAsn: 1.891 ± 0.028	0.464CysPro: 0.464 ± 0.014	0.35CysGln: 0.35 ± 0.01	0.492CysArg: 0.492 ± 0.013	1.437CysSer: 1.437 ± 0.021	0.933CysThr: 0.933 ± 0.015	0.901CysVal: 0.901 ± 0.018	0.071CysTrp: 0.071 ± 0.004	0.849CysTyr: 0.849 ± 0.017	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	1.187AspAla: 1.187 ± 0.021	0.679AspCys: 0.679 ± 0.014	6.63AspAsp: 6.63 ± 0.092	5.752AspGlu: 5.752 ± 0.055	2.14AspPhe: 2.14 ± 0.028	1.685AspGly: 1.685 ± 0.025	1.444AspHis: 1.444 ± 0.023	7.362AspIle: 7.362 ± 0.054	6.688AspLys: 6.688 ± 0.06	3.752AspLeu: 3.752 ± 0.037	1.704AspMet: 1.704 ± 0.024	8.895AspAsn: 8.895 ± 0.085	0.976AspPro: 0.976 ± 0.017	1.423AspGln: 1.423 ± 0.024	1.176AspArg: 1.176 ± 0.021	3.112AspSer: 3.112 ± 0.033	2.643AspThr: 2.643 ± 0.03	2.769AspVal: 2.769 ± 0.033	0.218AspTrp: 0.218 ± 0.009	2.843AspTyr: 2.843 ± 0.03	0.0AspXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Glu	1.392GluAla: 1.392 ± 0.026	1.104GluCys: 1.104 ± 0.02	4.702GluAsp: 4.702 ± 0.051	7.863GluGlu: 7.863 ± 0.115	2.034GluPhe: 2.034 ± 0.023	1.983GluGly: 1.983 ± 0.031	1.843GluHis: 1.843 ± 0.028	5.372GluIle: 5.372 ± 0.052	10.714GluLys: 10.714 ± 0.091	4.531GluLeu: 4.531 ± 0.049	1.381GluMet: 1.381 ± 0.023	9.027GluAsn: 9.027 ± 0.063	0.953GluPro: 0.953 ± 0.023	2.637GluGln: 2.637 ± 0.035	2.095GluArg: 2.095 ± 0.031	3.28GluSer: 3.28 ± 0.037	2.361GluThr: 2.361 ± 0.03	2.016GluVal: 2.016 ± 0.033	0.468GluTrp: 0.468 ± 0.016	3.733GluTyr: 3.733 ± 0.032	0.0GluXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Phe	0.807PheAla: 0.807 ± 0.017	0.989PheCys: 0.989 ± 0.017	2.487PheAsp: 2.487 ± 0.031	2.354PheGlu: 2.354 ± 0.025	3.564PhePhe: 3.564 ± 0.051	1.149PheGly: 1.149 ± 0.022	1.164PheHis: 1.164 ± 0.018	4.455PheIle: 4.455 ± 0.052	3.785PheLys: 3.785 ± 0.035	5.244PheLeu: 5.244 ± 0.055	0.941PheMet: 0.941 ± 0.017	4.439PheAsn: 4.439 ± 0.041	1.027PhePro: 1.027 ± 0.019	1.151PheGln: 1.151 ± 0.018	1.002PheArg: 1.002 ± 0.016	3.333PheSer: 3.333 ± 0.033	1.6PheThr: 1.6 ± 0.02	2.022PheVal: 2.022 ± 0.023	0.211PheTrp: 0.211 ± 0.008	3.011PheTyr: 3.011 ± 0.038	0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly	0.789GlyAla: 0.789 ± 0.021	0.518GlyCys: 0.518 ± 0.013	2.005GlyAsp: 2.005 ± 0.036	1.827GlyGlu: 1.827 ± 0.025	1.089GlyPhe: 1.089 ± 0.021	1.417GlyGly: 1.417 ± 0.03	0.622GlyHis: 0.622 ± 0.012	2.368GlyIle: 2.368 ± 0.029	3.041GlyLys: 3.041 ± 0.035	1.921GlyLeu: 1.921 ± 0.027	0.585GlyMet: 0.585 ± 0.015	3.034GlyAsn: 3.034 ± 0.036	0.503GlyPro: 0.503 ± 0.013	0.668GlyGln: 0.668 ± 0.015	0.887GlyArg: 0.887 ± 0.018	1.954GlySer: 1.954 ± 0.031	1.436GlyThr: 1.436 ± 0.025	1.298GlyVal: 1.298 ± 0.026	0.167GlyTrp: 0.167 ± 0.007	1.464GlyTyr: 1.464 ± 0.023	0.0GlyXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
His	0.454HisAla: 0.454 ± 0.01	0.311HisCys: 0.311 ± 0.01	1.365HisAsp: 1.365 ± 0.022	1.315HisGlu: 1.315 ± 0.02	1.35HisPhe: 1.35 ± 0.021	0.609HisGly: 0.609 ± 0.014	0.753HisHis: 0.753 ± 0.021	3.023HisIle: 3.023 ± 0.035	2.346HisLys: 2.346 ± 0.033	1.943HisLeu: 1.943 ± 0.025	0.867HisMet: 0.867 ± 0.016	3.426HisAsn: 3.426 ± 0.055	0.555HisPro: 0.555 ± 0.012	0.529HisGln: 0.529 ± 0.013	0.521HisArg: 0.521 ± 0.011	1.412HisSer: 1.412 ± 0.02	1.164HisThr: 1.164 ± 0.019	1.11HisVal: 1.11 ± 0.018	0.093HisTrp: 0.093 ± 0.005	1.085HisTyr: 1.085 ± 0.015	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	1.464IleAla: 1.464 ± 0.027	2.105IleCys: 2.105 ± 0.028	4.836IleAsp: 4.836 ± 0.048	5.193IleGlu: 5.193 ± 0.052	4.977IlePhe: 4.977 ± 0.053	2.157IleGly: 2.157 ± 0.03	2.671IleHis: 2.671 ± 0.033	8.687IleIle: 8.687 ± 0.07	10.927IleLys: 10.927 ± 0.074	8.585IleLeu: 8.585 ± 0.069	1.674IleMet: 1.674 ± 0.024	13.094IleAsn: 13.094 ± 0.108	2.347IlePro: 2.347 ± 0.028	2.999IleGln: 2.999 ± 0.038	2.332IleArg: 2.332 ± 0.027	6.254IleSer: 6.254 ± 0.046	3.511IleThr: 3.511 ± 0.037	2.864IleVal: 2.864 ± 0.033	0.516IleTrp: 0.516 ± 0.013	6.697IleTyr: 6.697 ± 0.07	0.0IleXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Lys	1.796LysAla: 1.796 ± 0.029	2.084LysCys: 2.084 ± 0.03	6.913LysAsp: 6.913 ± 0.056	10.167LysGlu: 10.167 ± 0.086	3.25LysPhe: 3.25 ± 0.029	3.419LysGly: 3.419 ± 0.037	2.402LysHis: 2.402 ± 0.026	9.775LysIle: 9.775 ± 0.066	20.351LysLys: 20.351 ± 0.166	7.512LysLeu: 7.512 ± 0.061	2.646LysMet: 2.646 ± 0.027	17.301LysAsn: 17.301 ± 0.114	1.471LysPro: 1.471 ± 0.022	3.165LysGln: 3.165 ± 0.034	4.321LysArg: 4.321 ± 0.041	6.216LysSer: 6.216 ± 0.047	4.215LysThr: 4.215 ± 0.037	3.343LysVal: 3.343 ± 0.035	0.644LysTrp: 0.644 ± 0.018	7.167LysTyr: 7.167 ± 0.059	0.0LysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Leu	1.546LeuAla: 1.546 ± 0.028	1.837LeuCys: 1.837 ± 0.025	3.613LeuAsp: 3.613 ± 0.035	4.395LeuGlu: 4.395 ± 0.046	4.643LeuPhe: 4.643 ± 0.047	1.962LeuGly: 1.962 ± 0.03	1.911LeuHis: 1.911 ± 0.021	6.422LeuIle: 6.422 ± 0.054	9.26LeuLys: 9.26 ± 0.067	7.703LeuLeu: 7.703 ± 0.065	1.327LeuMet: 1.327 ± 0.018	9.009LeuAsn: 9.009 ± 0.065	1.829LeuPro: 1.829 ± 0.026	2.405LeuGln: 2.405 ± 0.031	2.33LeuArg: 2.33 ± 0.028	5.736LeuSer: 5.736 ± 0.048	2.912LeuThr: 2.912 ± 0.031	2.318LeuVal: 2.318 ± 0.029	0.481LeuTrp: 0.481 ± 0.012	5.171LeuTyr: 5.171 ± 0.048	0.0LeuXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Met	0.389MetAla: 0.389 ± 0.011	0.46MetCys: 0.46 ± 0.013	1.562MetAsp: 1.562 ± 0.024	1.529MetGlu: 1.529 ± 0.025	0.912MetPhe: 0.912 ± 0.017	0.585MetGly: 0.585 ± 0.015	0.44MetHis: 0.44 ± 0.011	1.592MetIle: 1.592 ± 0.022	2.905MetLys: 2.905 ± 0.03	1.693MetLeu: 1.693 ± 0.024	0.502MetMet: 0.502 ± 0.013	4.042MetAsn: 4.042 ± 0.068	0.395MetPro: 0.395 ± 0.013	0.527MetGln: 0.527 ± 0.013	0.555MetArg: 0.555 ± 0.012	1.415MetSer: 1.415 ± 0.021	0.68MetThr: 0.68 ± 0.014	0.687MetVal: 0.687 ± 0.014	0.125MetTrp: 0.125 ± 0.005	1.214MetTyr: 1.214 ± 0.021	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	1.917AsnAla: 1.917 ± 0.029	1.624AsnCys: 1.624 ± 0.025	9.873AsnAsp: 9.873 ± 0.082	9.599AsnGlu: 9.599 ± 0.071	4.907AsnPhe: 4.907 ± 0.05	2.997AsnGly: 2.997 ± 0.035	2.833AsnHis: 2.833 ± 0.047	16.531AsnIle: 16.531 ± 0.137	15.703AsnLys: 15.703 ± 0.119	7.736AsnLeu: 7.736 ± 0.054	4.114AsnMet: 4.114 ± 0.069	32.874AsnAsn: 32.874 ± 0.489	1.711AsnPro: 1.711 ± 0.026	2.85AsnGln: 2.85 ± 0.037	2.501AsnArg: 2.501 ± 0.031	7.728AsnSer: 7.728 ± 0.08	5.473AsnThr: 5.473 ± 0.052	6.254AsnVal: 6.254 ± 0.06	0.338AsnTrp: 0.338 ± 0.011	7.219AsnTyr: 7.219 ± 0.074	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	0.413ProAla: 0.413 ± 0.013	0.443ProCys: 0.443 ± 0.013	0.817ProAsp: 0.817 ± 0.017	1.032ProGlu: 1.032 ± 0.02	1.23ProPhe: 1.23 ± 0.019	0.532ProGly: 0.532 ± 0.014	0.542ProHis: 0.542 ± 0.013	1.661ProIle: 1.661 ± 0.022	1.635ProLys: 1.635 ± 0.023	1.879ProLeu: 1.879 ± 0.025	0.366ProMet: 0.366 ± 0.01	2.004ProAsn: 2.004 ± 0.034	0.774ProPro: 0.774 ± 0.024	0.671ProGln: 0.671 ± 0.015	0.541ProArg: 0.541 ± 0.014	1.554ProSer: 1.554 ± 0.02	0.955ProThr: 0.955 ± 0.021	0.772ProVal: 0.772 ± 0.015	0.138ProTrp: 0.138 ± 0.006	1.31ProTyr: 1.31 ± 0.02	0.0ProXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gln	0.579GlnAla: 0.579 ± 0.015	0.411GlnCys: 0.411 ± 0.012	1.395GlnAsp: 1.395 ± 0.019	1.957GlnGlu: 1.957 ± 0.025	0.979GlnPhe: 0.979 ± 0.017	0.747GlnGly: 0.747 ± 0.015	0.738GlnHis: 0.738 ± 0.016	2.499GlnIle: 2.499 ± 0.03	3.616GlnLys: 3.616 ± 0.039	1.934GlnLeu: 1.934 ± 0.026	0.698GlnMet: 0.698 ± 0.016	4.272GlnAsn: 4.272 ± 0.048	0.515GlnPro: 0.515 ± 0.013	1.105GlnGln: 1.105 ± 0.03	0.815GlnArg: 0.815 ± 0.016	1.431GlnSer: 1.431 ± 0.023	1.266GlnThr: 1.266 ± 0.021	0.94GlnVal: 0.94 ± 0.015	0.162GlnTrp: 0.162 ± 0.007	1.383GlnTyr: 1.383 ± 0.021	0.0GlnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Arg	0.632ArgAla: 0.632 ± 0.017	0.447ArgCys: 0.447 ± 0.012	1.478ArgAsp: 1.478 ± 0.027	1.77ArgGlu: 1.77 ± 0.031	0.993ArgPhe: 0.993 ± 0.018	0.963ArgGly: 0.963 ± 0.017	0.565ArgHis: 0.565 ± 0.015	2.209ArgIle: 2.209 ± 0.024	3.99ArgLys: 3.99 ± 0.04	1.774ArgLeu: 1.774 ± 0.028	0.534ArgMet: 0.534 ± 0.013	3.45ArgAsn: 3.45 ± 0.036	0.433ArgPro: 0.433 ± 0.012	0.699ArgGln: 0.699 ± 0.015	1.424ArgArg: 1.424 ± 0.033	1.608ArgSer: 1.608 ± 0.026	1.14ArgThr: 1.14 ± 0.018	0.887ArgVal: 0.887 ± 0.016	0.202ArgTrp: 0.202 ± 0.007	1.349ArgTyr: 1.349 ± 0.019	0.0ArgXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ser	1.352SerAla: 1.352 ± 0.025	1.237SerCys: 1.237 ± 0.019	3.846SerAsp: 3.846 ± 0.044	3.451SerGlu: 3.451 ± 0.041	3.647SerPhe: 3.647 ± 0.035	1.921SerGly: 1.921 ± 0.035	1.49SerHis: 1.49 ± 0.019	5.542SerIle: 5.542 ± 0.045	5.724SerLys: 5.724 ± 0.05	5.425SerLeu: 5.425 ± 0.042	1.201SerMet: 1.201 ± 0.019	8.191SerAsn: 8.191 ± 0.087	1.338SerPro: 1.338 ± 0.021	1.605SerGln: 1.605 ± 0.026	1.581SerArg: 1.581 ± 0.026	6.394SerSer: 6.394 ± 0.069	3.077SerThr: 3.077 ± 0.034	2.613SerVal: 2.613 ± 0.035	0.282SerTrp: 0.282 ± 0.008	3.913SerTyr: 3.913 ± 0.038	0.0SerXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Thr	0.897ThrAla: 0.897 ± 0.02	0.989ThrCys: 0.989 ± 0.018	1.989ThrAsp: 1.989 ± 0.029	2.022ThrGlu: 2.022 ± 0.035	2.235ThrPhe: 2.235 ± 0.027	1.103ThrGly: 1.103 ± 0.023	1.221ThrHis: 1.221 ± 0.018	3.162ThrIle: 3.162 ± 0.034	4.089ThrLys: 4.089 ± 0.033	3.407ThrLeu: 3.407 ± 0.034	0.687ThrMet: 0.687 ± 0.014	5.689ThrAsn: 5.689 ± 0.056	1.125ThrPro: 1.125 ± 0.024	1.322ThrGln: 1.322 ± 0.021	0.941ThrArg: 0.941 ± 0.018	3.173ThrSer: 3.173 ± 0.032	2.197ThrThr: 2.197 ± 0.033	1.315ThrVal: 1.315 ± 0.022	0.211ThrTrp: 0.211 ± 0.008	2.809ThrTyr: 2.809 ± 0.028	0.0ThrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Val	0.909ValAla: 0.909 ± 0.022	0.836ValCys: 0.836 ± 0.015	2.629ValAsp: 2.629 ± 0.031	2.742ValGlu: 2.742 ± 0.044	1.638ValPhe: 1.638 ± 0.023	1.248ValGly: 1.248 ± 0.023	1.254ValHis: 1.254 ± 0.027	3.037ValIle: 3.037 ± 0.029	3.547ValLys: 3.547 ± 0.033	3.356ValLeu: 3.356 ± 0.033	0.69ValMet: 0.69 ± 0.014	4.039ValAsn: 4.039 ± 0.039	1.065ValPro: 1.065 ± 0.018	1.342ValGln: 1.342 ± 0.024	0.983ValArg: 0.983 ± 0.017	2.529ValSer: 2.529 ± 0.031	1.567ValThr: 1.567 ± 0.025	1.652ValVal: 1.652 ± 0.025	0.223ValTrp: 0.223 ± 0.009	2.007ValTyr: 2.007 ± 0.027	0.0ValXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Trp	0.148TrpAla: 0.148 ± 0.007	0.095TrpCys: 0.095 ± 0.006	0.277TrpAsp: 0.277 ± 0.01	0.305TrpGlu: 0.305 ± 0.011	0.263TrpPhe: 0.263 ± 0.009	0.214TrpGly: 0.214 ± 0.007	0.078TrpHis: 0.078 ± 0.004	0.485TrpIle: 0.485 ± 0.012	0.643TrpLys: 0.643 ± 0.017	0.425TrpLeu: 0.425 ± 0.012	0.109TrpMet: 0.109 ± 0.006	0.531TrpAsn: 0.531 ± 0.013	0.1TrpPro: 0.1 ± 0.006	0.093TrpGln: 0.093 ± 0.005	0.182TrpArg: 0.182 ± 0.007	0.311TrpSer: 0.311 ± 0.01	0.199TrpThr: 0.199 ± 0.009	0.232TrpVal: 0.232 ± 0.009	0.087TrpTrp: 0.087 ± 0.005	0.217TrpTyr: 0.217 ± 0.008	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.114TyrAla: 1.114 ± 0.016	0.859TyrCys: 0.859 ± 0.018	4.36TyrAsp: 4.36 ± 0.041	3.985TyrGlu: 3.985 ± 0.033	3.086TyrPhe: 3.086 ± 0.04	1.515TyrGly: 1.515 ± 0.024	1.347TyrHis: 1.347 ± 0.024	6.336TyrIle: 6.336 ± 0.066	5.826TyrLys: 5.826 ± 0.048	4.532TyrLeu: 4.532 ± 0.039	1.444TyrMet: 1.444 ± 0.024	8.017TyrAsn: 8.017 ± 0.087	1.138TyrPro: 1.138 ± 0.019	1.217TyrGln: 1.217 ± 0.02	1.285TyrArg: 1.285 ± 0.022	3.504TyrSer: 3.504 ± 0.038	2.303TyrThr: 2.303 ± 0.028	2.455TyrVal: 2.455 ± 0.031	0.222TyrTrp: 0.222 ± 0.008	3.559TyrTyr: 3.559 ± 0.05	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.0XaaAla: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGlu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGly: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaIle: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLeu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPro: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGln: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaArg: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaSer: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaVal: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTyr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0

Statistics based on 6105 proteins (3936546 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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