Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Drosophila willistoni (Fruit fly)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	8.95AlaAla: 8.95 ± 0.118	1.092AlaCys: 1.092 ± 0.028	3.315AlaAsp: 3.315 ± 0.03	4.298AlaGlu: 4.298 ± 0.034	2.18AlaPhe: 2.18 ± 0.019	4.515AlaGly: 4.515 ± 0.042	1.588AlaHis: 1.588 ± 0.018	3.646AlaIle: 3.646 ± 0.029	4.045AlaLys: 4.045 ± 0.032	6.148AlaLeu: 6.148 ± 0.037	1.703AlaMet: 1.703 ± 0.017	3.434AlaAsn: 3.434 ± 0.028	3.709AlaPro: 3.709 ± 0.045	3.162AlaGln: 3.162 ± 0.028	3.109AlaArg: 3.109 ± 0.023	5.861AlaSer: 5.861 ± 0.037	4.922AlaThr: 4.922 ± 0.034	4.203AlaVal: 4.203 ± 0.027	0.567AlaTrp: 0.567 ± 0.009	1.807AlaTyr: 1.807 ± 0.017	0.002AlaXaa: 0.002 ± 0.001
Cys	1.1CysAla: 1.1 ± 0.02	0.488CysCys: 0.488 ± 0.011	1.05CysAsp: 1.05 ± 0.018	1.071CysGlu: 1.071 ± 0.021	0.713CysPhe: 0.713 ± 0.011	1.28CysGly: 1.28 ± 0.036	0.499CysHis: 0.499 ± 0.012	1.012CysIle: 1.012 ± 0.023	0.938CysLys: 0.938 ± 0.015	1.785CysLeu: 1.785 ± 0.025	0.385CysMet: 0.385 ± 0.008	0.872CysAsn: 0.872 ± 0.019	0.966CysPro: 0.966 ± 0.032	0.841CysGln: 0.841 ± 0.024	1.05CysArg: 1.05 ± 0.038	1.504CysSer: 1.504 ± 0.032	0.916CysThr: 0.916 ± 0.02	1.094CysVal: 1.094 ± 0.029	0.203CysTrp: 0.203 ± 0.005	0.561CysTyr: 0.561 ± 0.013	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	3.499AspAla: 3.499 ± 0.029	0.977AspCys: 0.977 ± 0.019	4.358AspAsp: 4.358 ± 0.047	4.458AspGlu: 4.458 ± 0.041	2.126AspPhe: 2.126 ± 0.019	3.12AspGly: 3.12 ± 0.029	1.14AspHis: 1.14 ± 0.014	3.083AspIle: 3.083 ± 0.023	2.846AspLys: 2.846 ± 0.033	4.849AspLeu: 4.849 ± 0.034	1.309AspMet: 1.309 ± 0.015	2.531AspAsn: 2.531 ± 0.023	2.256AspPro: 2.256 ± 0.037	2.0AspGln: 2.0 ± 0.019	2.342AspArg: 2.342 ± 0.024	3.762AspSer: 3.762 ± 0.033	2.511AspThr: 2.511 ± 0.02	3.259AspVal: 3.259 ± 0.022	0.622AspTrp: 0.622 ± 0.011	1.881AspTyr: 1.881 ± 0.02	0.001AspXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Glu	4.313GluAla: 4.313 ± 0.039	1.084GluCys: 1.084 ± 0.039	3.876GluAsp: 3.876 ± 0.037	5.914GluGlu: 5.914 ± 0.103	2.203GluPhe: 2.203 ± 0.023	2.701GluGly: 2.701 ± 0.025	1.636GluHis: 1.636 ± 0.018	3.459GluIle: 3.459 ± 0.032	4.254GluLys: 4.254 ± 0.054	6.295GluLeu: 6.295 ± 0.055	1.615GluMet: 1.615 ± 0.017	3.051GluAsn: 3.051 ± 0.023	2.671GluPro: 2.671 ± 0.037	3.677GluGln: 3.677 ± 0.042	3.91GluArg: 3.91 ± 0.036	4.275GluSer: 4.275 ± 0.047	3.512GluThr: 3.512 ± 0.042	3.415GluVal: 3.415 ± 0.048	0.568GluTrp: 0.568 ± 0.011	1.802GluTyr: 1.802 ± 0.018	0.001GluXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Phe	2.239PheAla: 2.239 ± 0.02	0.724PheCys: 0.724 ± 0.011	2.085PheAsp: 2.085 ± 0.02	2.128PheGlu: 2.128 ± 0.021	1.449PhePhe: 1.449 ± 0.02	2.382PheGly: 2.382 ± 0.027	0.9PheHis: 0.9 ± 0.012	1.999PheIle: 1.999 ± 0.019	1.899PheLys: 1.899 ± 0.018	3.296PheLeu: 3.296 ± 0.027	0.89PheMet: 0.89 ± 0.011	1.803PheAsn: 1.803 ± 0.018	1.39PhePro: 1.39 ± 0.015	1.452PheGln: 1.452 ± 0.015	1.815PheArg: 1.815 ± 0.019	2.493PheSer: 2.493 ± 0.019	1.831PheThr: 1.831 ± 0.017	2.336PheVal: 2.336 ± 0.023	0.432PheTrp: 0.432 ± 0.008	1.332PheTyr: 1.332 ± 0.016	0.001PheXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Gly	4.164GlyAla: 4.164 ± 0.041	0.971GlyCys: 0.971 ± 0.02	2.997GlyAsp: 2.997 ± 0.025	3.015GlyGlu: 3.015 ± 0.027	2.117GlyPhe: 2.117 ± 0.026	7.225GlyGly: 7.225 ± 0.124	1.587GlyHis: 1.587 ± 0.018	3.051GlyIle: 3.051 ± 0.025	3.065GlyLys: 3.065 ± 0.028	4.693GlyLeu: 4.693 ± 0.033	1.269GlyMet: 1.269 ± 0.015	3.108GlyAsn: 3.108 ± 0.03	2.409GlyPro: 2.409 ± 0.034	2.514GlyGln: 2.514 ± 0.026	2.872GlyArg: 2.872 ± 0.026	5.394GlySer: 5.394 ± 0.047	3.082GlyThr: 3.082 ± 0.028	3.486GlyVal: 3.486 ± 0.028	0.606GlyTrp: 0.606 ± 0.01	2.018GlyTyr: 2.018 ± 0.026	0.001GlyXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
His	1.469HisAla: 1.469 ± 0.017	0.557HisCys: 0.557 ± 0.011	1.129HisAsp: 1.129 ± 0.012	1.442HisGlu: 1.442 ± 0.016	1.038HisPhe: 1.038 ± 0.014	1.491HisGly: 1.491 ± 0.018	1.651HisHis: 1.651 ± 0.033	1.387HisIle: 1.387 ± 0.014	1.351HisLys: 1.351 ± 0.015	2.636HisLeu: 2.636 ± 0.021	0.704HisMet: 0.704 ± 0.01	1.269HisAsn: 1.269 ± 0.014	1.366HisPro: 1.366 ± 0.02	1.718HisGln: 1.718 ± 0.022	1.395HisArg: 1.395 ± 0.015	2.022HisSer: 2.022 ± 0.02	1.329HisThr: 1.329 ± 0.015	1.377HisVal: 1.377 ± 0.016	0.295HisTrp: 0.295 ± 0.006	0.888HisTyr: 0.888 ± 0.013	0.001HisXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Ile	3.491IleAla: 3.491 ± 0.024	1.236IleCys: 1.236 ± 0.02	2.935IleAsp: 2.935 ± 0.021	3.435IleGlu: 3.435 ± 0.039	2.189IlePhe: 2.189 ± 0.021	2.812IleGly: 2.812 ± 0.026	1.164IleHis: 1.164 ± 0.013	2.944IleIle: 2.944 ± 0.023	3.126IleLys: 3.126 ± 0.032	4.623IleLeu: 4.623 ± 0.034	1.22IleMet: 1.22 ± 0.015	2.7IleAsn: 2.7 ± 0.024	2.417IlePro: 2.417 ± 0.032	2.174IleGln: 2.174 ± 0.025	2.527IleArg: 2.527 ± 0.024	4.149IleSer: 4.149 ± 0.03	2.99IleThr: 2.99 ± 0.025	3.338IleVal: 3.338 ± 0.028	0.592IleTrp: 0.592 ± 0.01	1.853IleTyr: 1.853 ± 0.022	0.002IleXaa: 0.002 ± 0.001
Lys	3.508LysAla: 3.508 ± 0.031	1.127LysCys: 1.127 ± 0.021	3.086LysAsp: 3.086 ± 0.035	3.94LysGlu: 3.94 ± 0.043	1.941LysPhe: 1.941 ± 0.017	2.327LysGly: 2.327 ± 0.025	1.424LysHis: 1.424 ± 0.016	2.977LysIle: 2.977 ± 0.035	4.238LysLys: 4.238 ± 0.074	5.541LysLeu: 5.541 ± 0.044	1.443LysMet: 1.443 ± 0.015	2.537LysAsn: 2.537 ± 0.022	3.127LysPro: 3.127 ± 0.063	2.946LysGln: 2.946 ± 0.03	3.684LysArg: 3.684 ± 0.029	4.314LysSer: 4.314 ± 0.041	3.234LysThr: 3.234 ± 0.027	3.039LysVal: 3.039 ± 0.03	0.62LysTrp: 0.62 ± 0.01	1.827LysTyr: 1.827 ± 0.018	0.002LysXaa: 0.002 ± 0.001
Leu	6.604LeuAla: 6.604 ± 0.04	1.678LeuCys: 1.678 ± 0.017	4.951LeuAsp: 4.951 ± 0.038	6.101LeuGlu: 6.101 ± 0.051	2.965LeuPhe: 2.965 ± 0.026	4.764LeuGly: 4.764 ± 0.035	2.461LeuHis: 2.461 ± 0.021	4.663LeuIle: 4.663 ± 0.032	5.596LeuLys: 5.596 ± 0.043	8.966LeuLeu: 8.966 ± 0.055	2.194LeuMet: 2.194 ± 0.02	4.612LeuAsn: 4.612 ± 0.029	5.082LeuPro: 5.082 ± 0.033	5.137LeuGln: 5.137 ± 0.043	5.337LeuArg: 5.337 ± 0.04	6.889LeuSer: 6.889 ± 0.036	4.92LeuThr: 4.92 ± 0.029	4.979LeuVal: 4.979 ± 0.035	0.872LeuTrp: 0.872 ± 0.012	2.577LeuTyr: 2.577 ± 0.02	0.004LeuXaa: 0.004 ± 0.001
Met	1.905MetAla: 1.905 ± 0.02	0.415MetCys: 0.415 ± 0.007	1.416MetAsp: 1.416 ± 0.016	1.64MetGlu: 1.64 ± 0.016	0.803MetPhe: 0.803 ± 0.012	1.393MetGly: 1.393 ± 0.016	0.611MetHis: 0.611 ± 0.009	1.021MetIle: 1.021 ± 0.012	1.275MetLys: 1.275 ± 0.014	2.19MetLeu: 2.19 ± 0.02	0.675MetMet: 0.675 ± 0.012	1.048MetAsn: 1.048 ± 0.015	1.402MetPro: 1.402 ± 0.018	1.266MetGln: 1.266 ± 0.014	1.403MetArg: 1.403 ± 0.015	1.835MetSer: 1.835 ± 0.016	1.198MetThr: 1.198 ± 0.011	1.252MetVal: 1.252 ± 0.014	0.231MetTrp: 0.231 ± 0.006	0.637MetTyr: 0.637 ± 0.01	0.001MetXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Asn	3.485AsnAla: 3.485 ± 0.029	1.014AsnCys: 1.014 ± 0.018	2.614AsnAsp: 2.614 ± 0.022	3.152AsnGlu: 3.152 ± 0.027	1.859AsnPhe: 1.859 ± 0.019	3.569AsnGly: 3.569 ± 0.033	1.173AsnHis: 1.173 ± 0.019	2.723AsnIle: 2.723 ± 0.022	2.51AsnLys: 2.51 ± 0.025	4.378AsnLeu: 4.378 ± 0.032	1.177AsnMet: 1.177 ± 0.014	3.67AsnAsn: 3.67 ± 0.046	2.321AsnPro: 2.321 ± 0.029	2.086AsnGln: 2.086 ± 0.022	2.334AsnArg: 2.334 ± 0.019	4.258AsnSer: 4.258 ± 0.035	2.639AsnThr: 2.639 ± 0.022	2.981AsnVal: 2.981 ± 0.02	0.556AsnTrp: 0.556 ± 0.009	1.662AsnTyr: 1.662 ± 0.018	0.001AsnXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Pro	3.934ProAla: 3.934 ± 0.044	0.706ProCys: 0.706 ± 0.045	2.316ProAsp: 2.316 ± 0.018	3.211ProGlu: 3.211 ± 0.047	1.589ProPhe: 1.589 ± 0.017	2.824ProGly: 2.824 ± 0.046	1.366ProHis: 1.366 ± 0.019	2.59ProIle: 2.59 ± 0.033	2.979ProLys: 2.979 ± 0.049	4.385ProLeu: 4.385 ± 0.037	1.127ProMet: 1.127 ± 0.014	2.517ProAsn: 2.517 ± 0.025	4.993ProPro: 4.993 ± 0.08	2.716ProGln: 2.716 ± 0.035	2.328ProArg: 2.328 ± 0.024	4.341ProSer: 4.341 ± 0.042	3.632ProThr: 3.632 ± 0.035	3.068ProVal: 3.068 ± 0.036	0.442ProTrp: 0.442 ± 0.008	1.439ProTyr: 1.439 ± 0.019	0.001ProXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Gln	3.207GlnAla: 3.207 ± 0.03	0.824GlnCys: 0.824 ± 0.026	1.988GlnAsp: 1.988 ± 0.021	3.018GlnGlu: 3.018 ± 0.036	1.565GlnPhe: 1.565 ± 0.015	1.934GlnGly: 1.934 ± 0.018	1.929GlnHis: 1.929 ± 0.025	2.376GlnIle: 2.376 ± 0.02	2.707GlnLys: 2.707 ± 0.029	5.503GlnLeu: 5.503 ± 0.047	1.333GlnMet: 1.333 ± 0.016	2.196GlnAsn: 2.196 ± 0.019	2.794GlnPro: 2.794 ± 0.039	8.471GlnGln: 8.471 ± 0.154	3.343GlnArg: 3.343 ± 0.027	3.544GlnSer: 3.544 ± 0.027	2.62GlnThr: 2.62 ± 0.025	2.449GlnVal: 2.449 ± 0.022	0.465GlnTrp: 0.465 ± 0.008	1.305GlnTyr: 1.305 ± 0.012	0.001GlnXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Arg	3.026ArgAla: 3.026 ± 0.023	1.032ArgCys: 1.032 ± 0.023	2.745ArgAsp: 2.745 ± 0.025	3.45ArgGlu: 3.45 ± 0.034	1.938ArgPhe: 1.938 ± 0.016	2.643ArgGly: 2.643 ± 0.026	1.576ArgHis: 1.576 ± 0.017	2.791ArgIle: 2.791 ± 0.021	3.431ArgLys: 3.431 ± 0.027	5.103ArgLeu: 5.103 ± 0.039	1.187ArgMet: 1.187 ± 0.013	2.716ArgAsn: 2.716 ± 0.023	2.554ArgPro: 2.554 ± 0.031	2.951ArgGln: 2.951 ± 0.027	4.222ArgArg: 4.222 ± 0.043	4.192ArgSer: 4.192 ± 0.036	2.643ArgThr: 2.643 ± 0.021	2.709ArgVal: 2.709 ± 0.027	0.543ArgTrp: 0.543 ± 0.008	1.66ArgTyr: 1.66 ± 0.017	0.003ArgXaa: 0.003 ± 0.001
Ser	5.733SerAla: 5.733 ± 0.045	1.397SerCys: 1.397 ± 0.034	3.881SerAsp: 3.881 ± 0.036	4.312SerGlu: 4.312 ± 0.041	2.564SerPhe: 2.564 ± 0.021	5.427SerGly: 5.427 ± 0.046	1.933SerHis: 1.933 ± 0.022	3.921SerIle: 3.921 ± 0.023	4.132SerLys: 4.132 ± 0.032	6.907SerLeu: 6.907 ± 0.036	1.784SerMet: 1.784 ± 0.018	4.373SerAsn: 4.373 ± 0.035	4.413SerPro: 4.413 ± 0.044	3.508SerGln: 3.508 ± 0.028	3.72SerArg: 3.72 ± 0.036	10.833SerSer: 10.833 ± 0.141	5.615SerThr: 5.615 ± 0.067	4.35SerVal: 4.35 ± 0.032	0.745SerTrp: 0.745 ± 0.011	2.257SerTyr: 2.257 ± 0.022	0.003SerXaa: 0.003 ± 0.001
Thr	4.58ThrAla: 4.58 ± 0.036	0.997ThrCys: 0.997 ± 0.022	2.723ThrAsp: 2.723 ± 0.025	3.464ThrGlu: 3.464 ± 0.043	1.85ThrPhe: 1.85 ± 0.015	3.348ThrGly: 3.348 ± 0.028	1.329ThrHis: 1.329 ± 0.013	3.067ThrIle: 3.067 ± 0.025	3.098ThrLys: 3.098 ± 0.029	5.044ThrLeu: 5.044 ± 0.031	1.245ThrMet: 1.245 ± 0.012	2.911ThrAsn: 2.911 ± 0.022	3.851ThrPro: 3.851 ± 0.04	2.435ThrGln: 2.435 ± 0.02	2.493ThrArg: 2.493 ± 0.023	5.221ThrSer: 5.221 ± 0.049	5.978ThrThr: 5.978 ± 0.132	3.368ThrVal: 3.368 ± 0.036	0.52ThrTrp: 0.52 ± 0.009	1.558ThrTyr: 1.558 ± 0.016	0.002ThrXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Val	4.492ValAla: 4.492 ± 0.028	1.134ValCys: 1.134 ± 0.024	3.177ValAsp: 3.177 ± 0.022	3.781ValGlu: 3.781 ± 0.049	2.047ValPhe: 2.047 ± 0.023	3.439ValGly: 3.439 ± 0.029	1.405ValHis: 1.405 ± 0.015	3.082ValIle: 3.082 ± 0.028	3.182ValLys: 3.182 ± 0.028	5.123ValLeu: 5.123 ± 0.032	1.3ValMet: 1.3 ± 0.015	2.702ValAsn: 2.702 ± 0.023	3.023ValPro: 3.023 ± 0.022	2.574ValGln: 2.574 ± 0.023	2.879ValArg: 2.879 ± 0.024	4.057ValSer: 4.057 ± 0.028	3.318ValThr: 3.318 ± 0.039	3.825ValVal: 3.825 ± 0.028	0.572ValTrp: 0.572 ± 0.009	1.733ValTyr: 1.733 ± 0.018	0.002ValXaa: 0.002 ± 0.001
Trp	0.539TrpAla: 0.539 ± 0.011	0.193TrpCys: 0.193 ± 0.005	0.506TrpAsp: 0.506 ± 0.008	0.524TrpGlu: 0.524 ± 0.008	0.412TrpPhe: 0.412 ± 0.009	0.505TrpGly: 0.505 ± 0.009	0.299TrpHis: 0.299 ± 0.006	0.558TrpIle: 0.558 ± 0.01	0.556TrpLys: 0.556 ± 0.01	1.157TrpLeu: 1.157 ± 0.016	0.267TrpMet: 0.267 ± 0.006	0.51TrpAsn: 0.51 ± 0.012	0.405TrpPro: 0.405 ± 0.007	0.55TrpGln: 0.55 ± 0.01	0.652TrpArg: 0.652 ± 0.009	0.789TrpSer: 0.789 ± 0.011	0.557TrpThr: 0.557 ± 0.009	0.512TrpVal: 0.512 ± 0.009	0.179TrpTrp: 0.179 ± 0.005	0.321TrpTyr: 0.321 ± 0.008	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	2.017TyrAla: 2.017 ± 0.019	0.682TyrCys: 0.682 ± 0.012	1.781TyrAsp: 1.781 ± 0.015	1.877TyrGlu: 1.877 ± 0.021	1.327TyrPhe: 1.327 ± 0.017	1.942TyrGly: 1.942 ± 0.022	0.837TyrHis: 0.837 ± 0.012	1.565TyrIle: 1.565 ± 0.017	1.656TyrLys: 1.656 ± 0.017	2.729TyrLeu: 2.729 ± 0.024	0.787TyrMet: 0.787 ± 0.011	1.604TyrAsn: 1.604 ± 0.018	1.354TyrPro: 1.354 ± 0.017	1.39TyrGln: 1.39 ± 0.017	1.696TyrArg: 1.696 ± 0.017	2.071TyrSer: 2.071 ± 0.023	1.633TyrThr: 1.633 ± 0.017	1.806TyrVal: 1.806 ± 0.018	0.364TyrTrp: 0.364 ± 0.009	1.203TyrTyr: 1.203 ± 0.015	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.0XaaAla: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaCys: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.002XaaAsp: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.002XaaGlu: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.001XaaPhe: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaGly: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.003XaaHis: 0.003 ± 0.001	0.001XaaIle: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaLys: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.003XaaLeu: 0.003 ± 0.001	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaAsn: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.003XaaPro: 0.003 ± 0.001	0.003XaaGln: 0.003 ± 0.001	0.002XaaArg: 0.002 ± 0.001	0.002XaaSer: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaVal: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.002XaaTyr: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.018XaaXaa: 0.018 ± 0.014

Statistics based on 14820 proteins (8086281 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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