Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Populus alba (White poplar)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	6.319AlaAla: 6.319 ± 0.033	1.307AlaCys: 1.307 ± 0.011	3.1AlaAsp: 3.1 ± 0.015	4.145AlaGlu: 4.145 ± 0.021	2.763AlaPhe: 2.763 ± 0.015	4.357AlaGly: 4.357 ± 0.029	1.291AlaHis: 1.291 ± 0.01	3.778AlaIle: 3.778 ± 0.021	3.812AlaLys: 3.812 ± 0.02	6.616AlaLeu: 6.616 ± 0.027	1.806AlaMet: 1.806 ± 0.012	2.616AlaAsn: 2.616 ± 0.014	2.883AlaPro: 2.883 ± 0.018	2.148AlaGln: 2.148 ± 0.013	3.465AlaArg: 3.465 ± 0.02	6.225AlaSer: 6.225 ± 0.024	3.652AlaThr: 3.652 ± 0.019	4.81AlaVal: 4.81 ± 0.025	0.779AlaTrp: 0.779 ± 0.008	1.779AlaTyr: 1.779 ± 0.012	0.0AlaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Cys	0.987CysAla: 0.987 ± 0.009	0.549CysCys: 0.549 ± 0.008	0.876CysAsp: 0.876 ± 0.007	0.896CysGlu: 0.896 ± 0.009	0.895CysPhe: 0.895 ± 0.008	1.406CysGly: 1.406 ± 0.012	0.467CysHis: 0.467 ± 0.006	0.964CysIle: 0.964 ± 0.009	1.155CysLys: 1.155 ± 0.012	1.859CysLeu: 1.859 ± 0.014	0.447CysMet: 0.447 ± 0.006	0.868CysAsn: 0.868 ± 0.008	0.962CysPro: 0.962 ± 0.011	0.637CysGln: 0.637 ± 0.008	1.037CysArg: 1.037 ± 0.01	1.846CysSer: 1.846 ± 0.014	0.871CysThr: 0.871 ± 0.009	1.02CysVal: 1.02 ± 0.009	0.257CysTrp: 0.257 ± 0.004	0.555CysTyr: 0.555 ± 0.007	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	3.468AspAla: 3.468 ± 0.019	0.979AspCys: 0.979 ± 0.009	3.576AspAsp: 3.576 ± 0.023	3.896AspGlu: 3.896 ± 0.02	2.378AspPhe: 2.378 ± 0.015	3.927AspGly: 3.927 ± 0.021	1.295AspHis: 1.295 ± 0.011	2.872AspIle: 2.872 ± 0.017	2.724AspLys: 2.724 ± 0.013	5.162AspLeu: 5.162 ± 0.024	1.325AspMet: 1.325 ± 0.01	2.082AspAsn: 2.082 ± 0.014	2.606AspPro: 2.606 ± 0.014	1.83AspGln: 1.83 ± 0.012	2.412AspArg: 2.412 ± 0.015	4.37AspSer: 4.37 ± 0.022	2.215AspThr: 2.215 ± 0.013	3.517AspVal: 3.517 ± 0.017	0.693AspTrp: 0.693 ± 0.008	1.535AspTyr: 1.535 ± 0.012	0.0AspXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Glu	4.711GluAla: 4.711 ± 0.023	0.886GluCys: 0.886 ± 0.009	3.971GluAsp: 3.971 ± 0.019	6.256GluGlu: 6.256 ± 0.04	2.325GluPhe: 2.325 ± 0.013	3.862GluGly: 3.862 ± 0.02	1.243GluHis: 1.243 ± 0.009	3.771GluIle: 3.771 ± 0.018	4.791GluLys: 4.791 ± 0.022	5.914GluLeu: 5.914 ± 0.026	1.803GluMet: 1.803 ± 0.014	3.177GluAsn: 3.177 ± 0.016	2.128GluPro: 2.128 ± 0.014	2.146GluGln: 2.146 ± 0.015	3.475GluArg: 3.475 ± 0.021	4.662GluSer: 4.662 ± 0.021	3.103GluThr: 3.103 ± 0.017	4.127GluVal: 4.127 ± 0.022	0.732GluTrp: 0.732 ± 0.007	1.54GluTyr: 1.54 ± 0.012	0.0GluXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Phe	2.487PheAla: 2.487 ± 0.016	0.903PheCys: 0.903 ± 0.009	2.357PheAsp: 2.357 ± 0.014	2.305PheGlu: 2.305 ± 0.013	1.926PhePhe: 1.926 ± 0.014	2.976PheGly: 2.976 ± 0.018	1.109PheHis: 1.109 ± 0.009	2.009PheIle: 2.009 ± 0.012	2.154PheLys: 2.154 ± 0.012	4.313PheLeu: 4.313 ± 0.019	0.965PheMet: 0.965 ± 0.009	1.811PheAsn: 1.811 ± 0.014	2.151PhePro: 2.151 ± 0.014	1.591PheGln: 1.591 ± 0.011	1.976PheArg: 1.976 ± 0.012	4.166PheSer: 4.166 ± 0.018	1.994PheThr: 1.994 ± 0.012	2.669PheVal: 2.669 ± 0.016	0.558PheTrp: 0.558 ± 0.007	1.248PheTyr: 1.248 ± 0.01	0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly	3.958GlyAla: 3.958 ± 0.029	1.329GlyCys: 1.329 ± 0.012	3.495GlyAsp: 3.495 ± 0.018	3.761GlyGlu: 3.761 ± 0.019	3.236GlyPhe: 3.236 ± 0.018	5.733GlyGly: 5.733 ± 0.061	1.611GlyHis: 1.611 ± 0.012	3.64GlyIle: 3.64 ± 0.017	4.163GlyLys: 4.163 ± 0.02	6.038GlyLeu: 6.038 ± 0.024	1.549GlyMet: 1.549 ± 0.012	3.345GlyAsn: 3.345 ± 0.019	2.525GlyPro: 2.525 ± 0.017	2.161GlyGln: 2.161 ± 0.015	3.681GlyArg: 3.681 ± 0.033	6.252GlySer: 6.252 ± 0.029	3.246GlyThr: 3.246 ± 0.016	4.189GlyVal: 4.189 ± 0.019	0.913GlyTrp: 0.913 ± 0.008	2.043GlyTyr: 2.043 ± 0.014	0.0GlyXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
His	1.462HisAla: 1.462 ± 0.011	0.512HisCys: 0.512 ± 0.007	1.168HisAsp: 1.168 ± 0.01	1.296HisGlu: 1.296 ± 0.01	1.073HisPhe: 1.073 ± 0.01	1.817HisGly: 1.817 ± 0.012	0.942HisHis: 0.942 ± 0.01	1.157HisIle: 1.157 ± 0.009	1.145HisLys: 1.145 ± 0.009	2.457HisLeu: 2.457 ± 0.015	0.532HisMet: 0.532 ± 0.006	0.988HisAsn: 0.988 ± 0.009	1.367HisPro: 1.367 ± 0.011	1.074HisGln: 1.074 ± 0.01	1.322HisArg: 1.322 ± 0.011	1.984HisSer: 1.984 ± 0.014	0.938HisThr: 0.938 ± 0.009	1.551HisVal: 1.551 ± 0.01	0.306HisTrp: 0.306 ± 0.005	0.696HisTyr: 0.696 ± 0.007	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	3.563IleAla: 3.563 ± 0.019	1.06IleCys: 1.06 ± 0.009	2.841IleAsp: 2.841 ± 0.015	3.176IleGlu: 3.176 ± 0.017	2.231IlePhe: 2.231 ± 0.013	3.322IleGly: 3.322 ± 0.018	1.257IleHis: 1.257 ± 0.01	2.703IleIle: 2.703 ± 0.016	2.931IleLys: 2.931 ± 0.015	5.106IleLeu: 5.106 ± 0.023	1.116IleMet: 1.116 ± 0.009	2.211IleAsn: 2.211 ± 0.013	3.046IlePro: 3.046 ± 0.019	1.985IleGln: 1.985 ± 0.013	2.556IleArg: 2.556 ± 0.014	4.902IleSer: 4.902 ± 0.02	2.597IleThr: 2.597 ± 0.013	3.289IleVal: 3.289 ± 0.016	0.672IleTrp: 0.672 ± 0.007	1.46IleTyr: 1.46 ± 0.011	0.0IleXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Lys	4.047LysAla: 4.047 ± 0.019	0.966LysCys: 0.966 ± 0.009	3.285LysAsp: 3.285 ± 0.017	4.727LysGlu: 4.727 ± 0.023	2.117LysPhe: 2.117 ± 0.014	3.68LysGly: 3.68 ± 0.018	1.376LysHis: 1.376 ± 0.01	3.206LysIle: 3.206 ± 0.017	4.744LysLys: 4.744 ± 0.029	5.973LysLeu: 5.973 ± 0.023	1.494LysMet: 1.494 ± 0.011	2.708LysAsn: 2.708 ± 0.015	2.83LysPro: 2.83 ± 0.018	2.346LysGln: 2.346 ± 0.013	3.614LysArg: 3.614 ± 0.02	4.663LysSer: 4.663 ± 0.024	2.92LysThr: 2.92 ± 0.017	3.79LysVal: 3.79 ± 0.02	0.781LysTrp: 0.781 ± 0.008	1.541LysTyr: 1.541 ± 0.01	0.0LysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Leu	6.58LeuAla: 6.58 ± 0.028	1.805LeuCys: 1.805 ± 0.013	5.127LeuAsp: 5.127 ± 0.021	6.417LeuGlu: 6.417 ± 0.028	3.826LeuPhe: 3.826 ± 0.019	5.855LeuGly: 5.855 ± 0.021	2.57LeuHis: 2.57 ± 0.014	4.501LeuIle: 4.501 ± 0.02	6.277LeuLys: 6.277 ± 0.026	9.809LeuLeu: 9.809 ± 0.039	2.118LeuMet: 2.118 ± 0.012	4.011LeuAsn: 4.011 ± 0.018	5.23LeuPro: 5.23 ± 0.025	4.459LeuGln: 4.459 ± 0.021	5.299LeuArg: 5.299 ± 0.025	8.896LeuSer: 8.896 ± 0.034	4.499LeuThr: 4.499 ± 0.022	6.29LeuVal: 6.29 ± 0.024	1.123LeuTrp: 1.123 ± 0.009	2.444LeuTyr: 2.444 ± 0.016	0.0LeuXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Met	2.154MetAla: 2.154 ± 0.013	0.298MetCys: 0.298 ± 0.004	1.453MetAsp: 1.453 ± 0.009	2.025MetGlu: 2.025 ± 0.014	0.817MetPhe: 0.817 ± 0.009	1.625MetGly: 1.625 ± 0.011	0.53MetHis: 0.53 ± 0.006	1.19MetIle: 1.19 ± 0.01	1.581MetLys: 1.581 ± 0.01	2.162MetLeu: 2.162 ± 0.015	0.649MetMet: 0.649 ± 0.009	1.036MetAsn: 1.036 ± 0.01	1.088MetPro: 1.088 ± 0.01	0.955MetGln: 0.955 ± 0.009	1.153MetArg: 1.153 ± 0.008	1.763MetSer: 1.763 ± 0.011	1.049MetThr: 1.049 ± 0.009	1.645MetVal: 1.645 ± 0.012	0.259MetTrp: 0.259 ± 0.005	0.568MetTyr: 0.568 ± 0.007	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	2.725AsnAla: 2.725 ± 0.016	0.884AsnCys: 0.884 ± 0.009	2.147AsnAsp: 2.147 ± 0.013	2.508AsnGlu: 2.508 ± 0.014	1.919AsnPhe: 1.919 ± 0.013	3.401AsnGly: 3.401 ± 0.018	1.167AsnHis: 1.167 ± 0.009	2.383AsnIle: 2.383 ± 0.012	2.445AsnLys: 2.445 ± 0.014	4.746AsnLeu: 4.746 ± 0.027	1.093AsnMet: 1.093 ± 0.01	2.411AsnAsn: 2.411 ± 0.018	2.424AsnPro: 2.424 ± 0.016	1.831AsnGln: 1.831 ± 0.012	2.012AsnArg: 2.012 ± 0.014	4.129AsnSer: 4.129 ± 0.021	2.026AsnThr: 2.026 ± 0.012	2.74AsnVal: 2.74 ± 0.014	0.565AsnTrp: 0.565 ± 0.008	1.332AsnTyr: 1.332 ± 0.011	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	3.235ProAla: 3.235 ± 0.017	0.829ProCys: 0.829 ± 0.008	2.553ProAsp: 2.553 ± 0.013	3.11ProGlu: 3.11 ± 0.016	2.042ProPhe: 2.042 ± 0.014	2.884ProGly: 2.884 ± 0.021	1.083ProHis: 1.083 ± 0.008	2.298ProIle: 2.298 ± 0.012	2.7ProLys: 2.7 ± 0.017	4.413ProLeu: 4.413 ± 0.018	0.985ProMet: 0.985 ± 0.009	2.243ProAsn: 2.243 ± 0.016	4.204ProPro: 4.204 ± 0.06	1.883ProGln: 1.883 ± 0.015	2.46ProArg: 2.46 ± 0.018	5.448ProSer: 5.448 ± 0.036	2.629ProThr: 2.629 ± 0.02	3.238ProVal: 3.238 ± 0.015	0.604ProTrp: 0.604 ± 0.007	1.348ProTyr: 1.348 ± 0.012	0.0ProXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gln	2.46GlnAla: 2.46 ± 0.015	0.595GlnCys: 0.595 ± 0.008	1.751GlnAsp: 1.751 ± 0.011	2.537GlnGlu: 2.537 ± 0.016	1.407GlnPhe: 1.407 ± 0.011	2.179GlnGly: 2.179 ± 0.014	0.967GlnHis: 0.967 ± 0.009	2.012GlnIle: 2.012 ± 0.014	2.379GlnLys: 2.379 ± 0.015	3.72GlnLeu: 3.72 ± 0.019	0.969GlnMet: 0.969 ± 0.009	1.891GlnAsn: 1.891 ± 0.012	1.846GlnPro: 1.846 ± 0.013	2.27GlnGln: 2.27 ± 0.027	2.1GlnArg: 2.1 ± 0.015	2.955GlnSer: 2.955 ± 0.017	1.748GlnThr: 1.748 ± 0.011	2.381GlnVal: 2.381 ± 0.015	0.475GlnTrp: 0.475 ± 0.006	0.951GlnTyr: 0.951 ± 0.009	0.0GlnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Arg	3.28ArgAla: 3.28 ± 0.023	0.968ArgCys: 0.968 ± 0.009	2.609ArgAsp: 2.609 ± 0.016	3.38ArgGlu: 3.38 ± 0.02	2.181ArgPhe: 2.181 ± 0.013	3.299ArgGly: 3.299 ± 0.034	1.267ArgHis: 1.267 ± 0.011	2.809ArgIle: 2.809 ± 0.014	3.808ArgLys: 3.808 ± 0.019	4.951ArgLeu: 4.951 ± 0.024	1.305ArgMet: 1.305 ± 0.009	2.491ArgAsn: 2.491 ± 0.014	2.321ArgPro: 2.321 ± 0.019	1.885ArgGln: 1.885 ± 0.012	3.862ArgArg: 3.862 ± 0.024	4.408ArgSer: 4.408 ± 0.025	2.421ArgThr: 2.421 ± 0.013	3.261ArgVal: 3.261 ± 0.016	0.752ArgTrp: 0.752 ± 0.008	1.414ArgTyr: 1.414 ± 0.012	0.0ArgXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ser	5.421SerAla: 5.421 ± 0.021	1.781SerCys: 1.781 ± 0.013	4.409SerAsp: 4.409 ± 0.02	4.811SerGlu: 4.811 ± 0.022	4.019SerPhe: 4.019 ± 0.017	6.167SerGly: 6.167 ± 0.031	2.085SerHis: 2.085 ± 0.013	4.629SerIle: 4.629 ± 0.019	5.056SerLys: 5.056 ± 0.021	9.123SerLeu: 9.123 ± 0.035	2.154SerMet: 2.154 ± 0.013	4.303SerAsn: 4.303 ± 0.02	4.906SerPro: 4.906 ± 0.042	3.143SerGln: 3.143 ± 0.017	4.554SerArg: 4.554 ± 0.024	11.451SerSer: 11.451 ± 0.043	4.881SerThr: 4.881 ± 0.024	5.24SerVal: 5.24 ± 0.024	1.175SerTrp: 1.175 ± 0.011	2.304SerTyr: 2.304 ± 0.014	0.0SerXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Thr	3.521ThrAla: 3.521 ± 0.018	0.931ThrCys: 0.931 ± 0.008	2.295ThrAsp: 2.295 ± 0.013	2.799ThrGlu: 2.799 ± 0.015	2.006ThrPhe: 2.006 ± 0.013	3.454ThrGly: 3.454 ± 0.016	0.997ThrHis: 0.997 ± 0.009	2.703ThrIle: 2.703 ± 0.012	2.635ThrLys: 2.635 ± 0.015	4.585ThrLeu: 4.585 ± 0.018	1.134ThrMet: 1.134 ± 0.01	2.082ThrAsn: 2.082 ± 0.014	2.684ThrPro: 2.684 ± 0.022	1.533ThrGln: 1.533 ± 0.011	2.456ThrArg: 2.456 ± 0.013	4.754ThrSer: 4.754 ± 0.022	3.063ThrThr: 3.063 ± 0.02	3.374ThrVal: 3.374 ± 0.018	0.635ThrTrp: 0.635 ± 0.007	1.292ThrTyr: 1.292 ± 0.01	0.0ThrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Val	4.808ValAla: 4.808 ± 0.022	1.117ValCys: 1.117 ± 0.009	3.671ValAsp: 3.671 ± 0.019	4.315ValGlu: 4.315 ± 0.021	2.707ValPhe: 2.707 ± 0.014	4.061ValGly: 4.061 ± 0.019	1.512ValHis: 1.512 ± 0.011	3.327ValIle: 3.327 ± 0.015	3.853ValLys: 3.853 ± 0.019	6.286ValLeu: 6.286 ± 0.024	1.492ValMet: 1.492 ± 0.011	2.623ValAsn: 2.623 ± 0.015	3.22ValPro: 3.22 ± 0.018	2.301ValGln: 2.301 ± 0.012	3.004ValArg: 3.004 ± 0.017	5.508ValSer: 5.508 ± 0.02	3.195ValThr: 3.195 ± 0.015	4.759ValVal: 4.759 ± 0.028	0.751ValTrp: 0.751 ± 0.007	1.811ValTyr: 1.811 ± 0.012	0.0ValXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Trp	0.76TrpAla: 0.76 ± 0.007	0.234TrpCys: 0.234 ± 0.004	0.693TrpAsp: 0.693 ± 0.008	0.733TrpGlu: 0.733 ± 0.007	0.556TrpPhe: 0.556 ± 0.006	0.737TrpGly: 0.737 ± 0.008	0.3TrpHis: 0.3 ± 0.005	0.699TrpIle: 0.699 ± 0.007	0.956TrpLys: 0.956 ± 0.009	1.232TrpLeu: 1.232 ± 0.01	0.345TrpMet: 0.345 ± 0.005	0.707TrpAsn: 0.707 ± 0.008	0.506TrpPro: 0.506 ± 0.006	0.456TrpGln: 0.456 ± 0.007	0.808TrpArg: 0.808 ± 0.008	0.974TrpSer: 0.974 ± 0.009	0.627TrpThr: 0.627 ± 0.007	0.771TrpVal: 0.771 ± 0.008	0.241TrpTrp: 0.241 ± 0.005	0.325TrpTyr: 0.325 ± 0.006	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.706TyrAla: 1.706 ± 0.012	0.619TyrCys: 0.619 ± 0.007	1.488TyrAsp: 1.488 ± 0.012	1.532TyrGlu: 1.532 ± 0.01	1.242TyrPhe: 1.242 ± 0.01	2.129TyrGly: 2.129 ± 0.016	0.718TyrHis: 0.718 ± 0.009	1.372TyrIle: 1.372 ± 0.011	1.501TyrLys: 1.501 ± 0.012	2.672TyrLeu: 2.672 ± 0.016	0.717TyrMet: 0.717 ± 0.007	1.285TyrAsn: 1.285 ± 0.012	1.261TyrPro: 1.261 ± 0.012	0.958TyrGln: 0.958 ± 0.009	1.425TyrArg: 1.425 ± 0.011	2.257TyrSer: 2.257 ± 0.013	1.258TyrThr: 1.258 ± 0.01	1.659TyrVal: 1.659 ± 0.01	0.389TyrTrp: 0.389 ± 0.006	0.945TyrTyr: 0.945 ± 0.012	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.0XaaAla: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGlu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGly: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaIle: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLeu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPro: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGln: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaArg: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaSer: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaVal: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTyr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0

Statistics based on 32718 proteins (13899524 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

---