Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Pygoscelis adeliae (Adelie penguin)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	5.603AlaAla: 5.603 ± 0.046	1.341AlaCys: 1.341 ± 0.017	3.006AlaAsp: 3.006 ± 0.027	4.529AlaGlu: 4.529 ± 0.032	2.601AlaPhe: 2.601 ± 0.026	3.87AlaGly: 3.87 ± 0.037	1.351AlaHis: 1.351 ± 0.018	3.107AlaIle: 3.107 ± 0.029	3.759AlaLys: 3.759 ± 0.033	6.423AlaLeu: 6.423 ± 0.05	1.488AlaMet: 1.488 ± 0.016	2.295AlaAsn: 2.295 ± 0.02	2.893AlaPro: 2.893 ± 0.028	2.704AlaGln: 2.704 ± 0.025	2.975AlaArg: 2.975 ± 0.024	5.121AlaSer: 5.121 ± 0.036	3.318AlaThr: 3.318 ± 0.03	4.873AlaVal: 4.873 ± 0.033	0.702AlaTrp: 0.702 ± 0.012	1.676AlaTyr: 1.676 ± 0.018	0.001AlaXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Cys	1.175CysAla: 1.175 ± 0.015	0.67CysCys: 0.67 ± 0.015	1.085CysAsp: 1.085 ± 0.021	1.338CysGlu: 1.338 ± 0.021	0.925CysPhe: 0.925 ± 0.013	1.467CysGly: 1.467 ± 0.026	0.643CysHis: 0.643 ± 0.013	1.184CysIle: 1.184 ± 0.02	1.362CysLys: 1.362 ± 0.019	2.201CysLeu: 2.201 ± 0.031	0.454CysMet: 0.454 ± 0.01	0.948CysAsn: 0.948 ± 0.017	1.244CysPro: 1.244 ± 0.023	1.062CysGln: 1.062 ± 0.019	1.229CysArg: 1.229 ± 0.016	2.03CysSer: 2.03 ± 0.026	1.204CysThr: 1.204 ± 0.018	1.37CysVal: 1.37 ± 0.021	0.296CysTrp: 0.296 ± 0.007	0.686CysTyr: 0.686 ± 0.012	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	2.967AspAla: 2.967 ± 0.023	1.122AspCys: 1.122 ± 0.02	2.877AspAsp: 2.877 ± 0.032	3.705AspGlu: 3.705 ± 0.036	2.276AspPhe: 2.276 ± 0.023	3.368AspGly: 3.368 ± 0.037	1.173AspHis: 1.173 ± 0.018	3.055AspIle: 3.055 ± 0.024	2.831AspLys: 2.831 ± 0.024	5.016AspLeu: 5.016 ± 0.033	1.152AspMet: 1.152 ± 0.013	1.978AspAsn: 1.978 ± 0.021	2.646AspPro: 2.646 ± 0.026	1.852AspGln: 1.852 ± 0.02	2.378AspArg: 2.378 ± 0.024	4.102AspSer: 4.102 ± 0.031	2.529AspThr: 2.529 ± 0.023	3.216AspVal: 3.216 ± 0.025	0.666AspTrp: 0.666 ± 0.013	1.674AspTyr: 1.674 ± 0.018	0.0AspXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Glu	4.636GluAla: 4.636 ± 0.037	1.349GluCys: 1.349 ± 0.029	4.54GluAsp: 4.54 ± 0.036	7.91GluGlu: 7.91 ± 0.08	2.22GluPhe: 2.22 ± 0.021	3.951GluGly: 3.951 ± 0.035	1.549GluHis: 1.549 ± 0.016	3.592GluIle: 3.592 ± 0.026	5.842GluLys: 5.842 ± 0.052	6.343GluLeu: 6.343 ± 0.045	1.796GluMet: 1.796 ± 0.021	3.52GluAsn: 3.52 ± 0.032	2.532GluPro: 2.532 ± 0.024	3.198GluGln: 3.198 ± 0.029	3.943GluArg: 3.943 ± 0.041	4.481GluSer: 4.481 ± 0.035	3.581GluThr: 3.581 ± 0.03	4.401GluVal: 4.401 ± 0.031	0.724GluTrp: 0.724 ± 0.013	1.867GluTyr: 1.867 ± 0.021	0.001GluXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Phe	2.168PheAla: 2.168 ± 0.021	1.005PheCys: 1.005 ± 0.015	1.84PheAsp: 1.84 ± 0.018	2.171PheGlu: 2.171 ± 0.02	1.893PhePhe: 1.893 ± 0.025	2.325PheGly: 2.325 ± 0.027	1.092PheHis: 1.092 ± 0.017	2.156PheIle: 2.156 ± 0.023	2.233PheLys: 2.233 ± 0.025	4.185PheLeu: 4.185 ± 0.038	0.8PheMet: 0.8 ± 0.013	1.542PheAsn: 1.542 ± 0.019	1.939PhePro: 1.939 ± 0.022	1.83PheGln: 1.83 ± 0.019	1.97PheArg: 1.97 ± 0.021	3.489PheSer: 3.489 ± 0.029	2.295PheThr: 2.295 ± 0.023	2.385PheVal: 2.385 ± 0.025	0.51PheTrp: 0.51 ± 0.01	1.352PheTyr: 1.352 ± 0.018	0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly	3.503GlyAla: 3.503 ± 0.033	1.255GlyCys: 1.255 ± 0.017	2.945GlyAsp: 2.945 ± 0.028	3.755GlyGlu: 3.755 ± 0.04	2.572GlyPhe: 2.572 ± 0.03	3.952GlyGly: 3.952 ± 0.048	1.493GlyHis: 1.493 ± 0.019	3.138GlyIle: 3.138 ± 0.03	4.158GlyLys: 4.158 ± 0.037	5.155GlyLeu: 5.155 ± 0.044	1.354GlyMet: 1.354 ± 0.018	2.628GlyAsn: 2.628 ± 0.024	2.7GlyPro: 2.7 ± 0.062	2.485GlyGln: 2.485 ± 0.026	3.226GlyArg: 3.226 ± 0.034	5.002GlySer: 5.002 ± 0.039	3.397GlyThr: 3.397 ± 0.029	3.44GlyVal: 3.44 ± 0.031	0.763GlyTrp: 0.763 ± 0.014	1.911GlyTyr: 1.911 ± 0.023	0.001GlyXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
His	1.33HisAla: 1.33 ± 0.015	0.718HisCys: 0.718 ± 0.013	0.923HisAsp: 0.923 ± 0.013	1.361HisGlu: 1.361 ± 0.015	1.092HisPhe: 1.092 ± 0.015	1.485HisGly: 1.485 ± 0.02	0.865HisHis: 0.865 ± 0.017	1.346HisIle: 1.346 ± 0.015	1.401HisLys: 1.401 ± 0.017	2.826HisLeu: 2.826 ± 0.025	0.583HisMet: 0.583 ± 0.012	0.979HisAsn: 0.979 ± 0.013	1.473HisPro: 1.473 ± 0.019	1.199HisGln: 1.199 ± 0.015	1.461HisArg: 1.461 ± 0.018	2.175HisSer: 2.175 ± 0.023	1.305HisThr: 1.305 ± 0.018	1.544HisVal: 1.544 ± 0.018	0.434HisTrp: 0.434 ± 0.009	0.868HisTyr: 0.868 ± 0.011	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	3.084IleAla: 3.084 ± 0.024	1.241IleCys: 1.241 ± 0.019	2.373IleAsp: 2.373 ± 0.022	2.966IleGlu: 2.966 ± 0.024	2.19IlePhe: 2.19 ± 0.025	2.526IleGly: 2.526 ± 0.023	1.415IleHis: 1.415 ± 0.015	2.819IleIle: 2.819 ± 0.029	3.097IleLys: 3.097 ± 0.027	5.05IleLeu: 5.05 ± 0.035	1.087IleMet: 1.087 ± 0.015	2.227IleAsn: 2.227 ± 0.025	2.85IlePro: 2.85 ± 0.023	2.486IleGln: 2.486 ± 0.023	2.621IleArg: 2.621 ± 0.025	4.106IleSer: 4.106 ± 0.029	2.919IleThr: 2.919 ± 0.028	2.973IleVal: 2.973 ± 0.024	0.59IleTrp: 0.59 ± 0.011	1.635IleTyr: 1.635 ± 0.019	0.001IleXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Lys	4.227LysAla: 4.227 ± 0.036	1.274LysCys: 1.274 ± 0.022	3.511LysAsp: 3.511 ± 0.025	5.93LysGlu: 5.93 ± 0.054	2.019LysPhe: 2.019 ± 0.021	3.571LysGly: 3.571 ± 0.043	1.637LysHis: 1.637 ± 0.018	3.278LysIle: 3.278 ± 0.03	5.619LysLys: 5.619 ± 0.06	5.852LysLeu: 5.852 ± 0.036	1.591LysMet: 1.591 ± 0.017	2.868LysAsn: 2.868 ± 0.028	3.091LysPro: 3.091 ± 0.032	3.0LysGln: 3.0 ± 0.027	3.598LysArg: 3.598 ± 0.031	4.354LysSer: 4.354 ± 0.037	3.462LysThr: 3.462 ± 0.029	3.842LysVal: 3.842 ± 0.03	0.702LysTrp: 0.702 ± 0.012	1.921LysTyr: 1.921 ± 0.023	0.0LysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Leu	6.16LeuAla: 6.16 ± 0.041	2.18LeuCys: 2.18 ± 0.024	4.932LeuAsp: 4.932 ± 0.036	7.052LeuGlu: 7.052 ± 0.051	3.642LeuPhe: 3.642 ± 0.036	5.116LeuGly: 5.116 ± 0.034	2.69LeuHis: 2.69 ± 0.026	4.339LeuIle: 4.339 ± 0.032	6.564LeuLys: 6.564 ± 0.041	9.992LeuLeu: 9.992 ± 0.074	2.046LeuMet: 2.046 ± 0.019	3.93LeuAsn: 3.93 ± 0.033	5.35LeuPro: 5.35 ± 0.04	5.576LeuGln: 5.576 ± 0.045	5.11LeuArg: 5.11 ± 0.036	7.806LeuSer: 7.806 ± 0.047	4.994LeuThr: 4.994 ± 0.032	5.455LeuVal: 5.455 ± 0.037	1.076LeuTrp: 1.076 ± 0.016	2.837LeuTyr: 2.837 ± 0.032	0.001LeuXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Met	1.607MetAla: 1.607 ± 0.018	0.44MetCys: 0.44 ± 0.009	1.291MetAsp: 1.291 ± 0.016	1.892MetGlu: 1.892 ± 0.019	0.844MetPhe: 0.844 ± 0.014	1.263MetGly: 1.263 ± 0.017	0.522MetHis: 0.522 ± 0.01	0.985MetIle: 0.985 ± 0.014	1.625MetLys: 1.625 ± 0.017	2.062MetLeu: 2.062 ± 0.02	0.607MetMet: 0.607 ± 0.011	1.007MetAsn: 1.007 ± 0.014	1.045MetPro: 1.045 ± 0.015	1.018MetGln: 1.018 ± 0.013	1.091MetArg: 1.091 ± 0.014	1.549MetSer: 1.549 ± 0.019	1.165MetThr: 1.165 ± 0.013	1.412MetVal: 1.412 ± 0.019	0.249MetTrp: 0.249 ± 0.006	0.66MetTyr: 0.66 ± 0.012	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	2.398AsnAla: 2.398 ± 0.023	1.0AsnCys: 1.0 ± 0.017	1.765AsnAsp: 1.765 ± 0.025	2.63AsnGlu: 2.63 ± 0.028	1.652AsnPhe: 1.652 ± 0.022	2.878AsnGly: 2.878 ± 0.034	1.01AsnHis: 1.01 ± 0.016	2.543AsnIle: 2.543 ± 0.022	2.672AsnLys: 2.672 ± 0.025	4.174AsnLeu: 4.174 ± 0.031	1.014AsnMet: 1.014 ± 0.013	1.881AsnAsn: 1.881 ± 0.023	2.298AsnPro: 2.298 ± 0.024	1.732AsnGln: 1.732 ± 0.016	2.08AsnArg: 2.08 ± 0.02	3.488AsnSer: 3.488 ± 0.025	2.269AsnThr: 2.269 ± 0.023	2.527AsnVal: 2.527 ± 0.025	0.505AsnTrp: 0.505 ± 0.01	1.344AsnTyr: 1.344 ± 0.018	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	3.612ProAla: 3.612 ± 0.035	1.059ProCys: 1.059 ± 0.021	2.605ProAsp: 2.605 ± 0.028	3.816ProGlu: 3.816 ± 0.035	1.906ProPhe: 1.906 ± 0.021	3.596ProGly: 3.596 ± 0.079	1.241ProHis: 1.241 ± 0.019	1.989ProIle: 1.989 ± 0.023	2.772ProLys: 2.772 ± 0.03	4.576ProLeu: 4.576 ± 0.034	0.927ProMet: 0.927 ± 0.014	1.917ProAsn: 1.917 ± 0.017	4.178ProPro: 4.178 ± 0.065	2.29ProGln: 2.29 ± 0.028	2.523ProArg: 2.523 ± 0.024	4.874ProSer: 4.874 ± 0.044	2.636ProThr: 2.636 ± 0.02	3.702ProVal: 3.702 ± 0.031	0.565ProTrp: 0.565 ± 0.011	1.47ProTyr: 1.47 ± 0.018	0.001ProXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Gln	2.991GlnAla: 2.991 ± 0.027	0.992GlnCys: 0.992 ± 0.018	2.226GlnAsp: 2.226 ± 0.021	3.655GlnGlu: 3.655 ± 0.027	1.48GlnPhe: 1.48 ± 0.017	2.44GlnGly: 2.44 ± 0.027	1.291GlnHis: 1.291 ± 0.016	2.263GlnIle: 2.263 ± 0.021	3.23GlnLys: 3.23 ± 0.032	4.561GlnLeu: 4.561 ± 0.036	1.103GlnMet: 1.103 ± 0.015	2.072GlnAsn: 2.072 ± 0.022	2.303GlnPro: 2.303 ± 0.026	2.989GlnGln: 2.989 ± 0.052	2.608GlnArg: 2.608 ± 0.027	3.185GlnSer: 3.185 ± 0.027	2.367GlnThr: 2.367 ± 0.025	2.749GlnVal: 2.749 ± 0.025	0.521GlnTrp: 0.521 ± 0.01	1.325GlnTyr: 1.325 ± 0.015	0.001GlnXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Arg	3.044ArgAla: 3.044 ± 0.028	1.133ArgCys: 1.133 ± 0.021	2.565ArgAsp: 2.565 ± 0.027	3.809ArgGlu: 3.809 ± 0.032	1.932ArgPhe: 1.932 ± 0.02	2.87ArgGly: 2.87 ± 0.031	1.466ArgHis: 1.466 ± 0.018	2.605ArgIle: 2.605 ± 0.024	4.091ArgLys: 4.091 ± 0.041	5.001ArgLeu: 5.001 ± 0.036	1.179ArgMet: 1.179 ± 0.016	2.263ArgAsn: 2.263 ± 0.019	2.368ArgPro: 2.368 ± 0.026	2.475ArgGln: 2.475 ± 0.022	3.663ArgArg: 3.663 ± 0.031	3.905ArgSer: 3.905 ± 0.044	2.685ArgThr: 2.685 ± 0.023	2.972ArgVal: 2.972 ± 0.025	0.622ArgTrp: 0.622 ± 0.011	1.614ArgTyr: 1.614 ± 0.019	0.001ArgXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Ser	5.052SerAla: 5.052 ± 0.035	1.868SerCys: 1.868 ± 0.027	4.025SerAsp: 4.025 ± 0.033	5.112SerGlu: 5.112 ± 0.039	3.133SerPhe: 3.133 ± 0.027	4.92SerGly: 4.92 ± 0.035	2.014SerHis: 2.014 ± 0.024	3.615SerIle: 3.615 ± 0.026	4.547SerLys: 4.547 ± 0.034	7.927SerLeu: 7.927 ± 0.042	1.618SerMet: 1.618 ± 0.017	3.16SerAsn: 3.16 ± 0.028	5.032SerPro: 5.032 ± 0.046	3.631SerGln: 3.631 ± 0.031	4.08SerArg: 4.08 ± 0.038	9.069SerSer: 9.069 ± 0.076	4.503SerThr: 4.503 ± 0.038	5.107SerVal: 5.107 ± 0.031	0.975SerTrp: 0.975 ± 0.014	2.271SerTyr: 2.271 ± 0.022	0.001SerXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Thr	3.788ThrAla: 3.788 ± 0.028	1.316ThrCys: 1.316 ± 0.024	2.763ThrAsp: 2.763 ± 0.027	3.749ThrGlu: 3.749 ± 0.027	2.22ThrPhe: 2.22 ± 0.022	3.45ThrGly: 3.45 ± 0.03	1.179ThrHis: 1.179 ± 0.017	2.615ThrIle: 2.615 ± 0.024	2.944ThrLys: 2.944 ± 0.025	5.134ThrLeu: 5.134 ± 0.03	1.142ThrMet: 1.142 ± 0.015	1.996ThrAsn: 1.996 ± 0.022	3.081ThrPro: 3.081 ± 0.038	2.108ThrGln: 2.108 ± 0.02	2.29ThrArg: 2.29 ± 0.019	4.66ThrSer: 4.66 ± 0.043	2.992ThrThr: 2.992 ± 0.027	4.137ThrVal: 4.137 ± 0.031	0.669ThrTrp: 0.669 ± 0.012	1.561ThrTyr: 1.561 ± 0.018	0.001ThrXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Val	4.033ValAla: 4.033 ± 0.035	1.581ValCys: 1.581 ± 0.025	3.17ValAsp: 3.17 ± 0.025	3.965ValGlu: 3.965 ± 0.029	2.692ValPhe: 2.692 ± 0.026	3.313ValGly: 3.313 ± 0.03	1.596ValHis: 1.596 ± 0.017	3.32ValIle: 3.32 ± 0.028	3.924ValLys: 3.924 ± 0.027	6.216ValLeu: 6.216 ± 0.042	1.387ValMet: 1.387 ± 0.016	2.639ValAsn: 2.639 ± 0.023	3.415ValPro: 3.415 ± 0.028	2.816ValGln: 2.816 ± 0.023	3.035ValArg: 3.035 ± 0.025	4.957ValSer: 4.957 ± 0.029	3.869ValThr: 3.869 ± 0.029	4.332ValVal: 4.332 ± 0.032	0.729ValTrp: 0.729 ± 0.014	1.886ValTyr: 1.886 ± 0.021	0.001ValXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Trp	0.665TrpAla: 0.665 ± 0.013	0.246TrpCys: 0.246 ± 0.007	0.657TrpAsp: 0.657 ± 0.012	0.777TrpGlu: 0.777 ± 0.014	0.462TrpPhe: 0.462 ± 0.01	0.641TrpGly: 0.641 ± 0.015	0.324TrpHis: 0.324 ± 0.008	0.636TrpIle: 0.636 ± 0.011	0.908TrpLys: 0.908 ± 0.014	1.176TrpLeu: 1.176 ± 0.016	0.314TrpMet: 0.314 ± 0.008	0.672TrpAsn: 0.672 ± 0.012	0.442TrpPro: 0.442 ± 0.01	0.555TrpGln: 0.555 ± 0.011	0.652TrpArg: 0.652 ± 0.012	0.88TrpSer: 0.88 ± 0.016	0.657TrpThr: 0.657 ± 0.011	0.667TrpVal: 0.667 ± 0.012	0.195TrpTrp: 0.195 ± 0.006	0.372TrpTyr: 0.372 ± 0.008	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.592TyrAla: 1.592 ± 0.017	0.785TyrCys: 0.785 ± 0.012	1.484TyrAsp: 1.484 ± 0.018	1.854TyrGlu: 1.854 ± 0.019	1.427TyrPhe: 1.427 ± 0.02	1.828TyrGly: 1.828 ± 0.024	0.821TyrHis: 0.821 ± 0.013	1.668TyrIle: 1.668 ± 0.019	1.767TyrLys: 1.767 ± 0.019	2.978TyrLeu: 2.978 ± 0.029	0.689TyrMet: 0.689 ± 0.01	1.34TyrAsn: 1.34 ± 0.015	1.379TyrPro: 1.379 ± 0.018	1.344TyrGln: 1.344 ± 0.016	1.729TyrArg: 1.729 ± 0.018	2.425TyrSer: 2.425 ± 0.022	1.648TyrThr: 1.648 ± 0.02	1.768TyrVal: 1.768 ± 0.017	0.407TyrTrp: 0.407 ± 0.012	1.112TyrTyr: 1.112 ± 0.015	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.001XaaAla: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaGlu: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGly: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaIle: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaLys: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaLeu: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPro: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaGln: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaArg: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.002XaaSer: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.001XaaThr: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaVal: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaTyr: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.054XaaXaa: 0.054 ± 0.007

Statistics based on 12848 proteins (5703779 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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