Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare (Domesticated barley)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	10.222AlaAla: 10.222 ± 0.022	1.5AlaCys: 1.5 ± 0.005	4.014AlaAsp: 4.014 ± 0.009	4.699AlaGlu: 4.699 ± 0.01	2.809AlaPhe: 2.809 ± 0.007	5.865AlaGly: 5.865 ± 0.013	1.732AlaHis: 1.732 ± 0.005	3.663AlaIle: 3.663 ± 0.007	3.801AlaLys: 3.801 ± 0.009	7.566AlaLeu: 7.566 ± 0.014	2.146AlaMet: 2.146 ± 0.006	2.586AlaAsn: 2.586 ± 0.006	4.308AlaPro: 4.308 ± 0.012	2.471AlaGln: 2.471 ± 0.006	4.785AlaArg: 4.785 ± 0.01	6.948AlaSer: 6.948 ± 0.012	4.323AlaThr: 4.323 ± 0.009	5.991AlaVal: 5.991 ± 0.012	0.902AlaTrp: 0.902 ± 0.004	1.951AlaTyr: 1.951 ± 0.006	0.016AlaXaa: 0.016 ± 0.0
Cys	1.275CysAla: 1.275 ± 0.005	0.59CysCys: 0.59 ± 0.003	0.876CysAsp: 0.876 ± 0.003	0.832CysGlu: 0.832 ± 0.004	0.873CysPhe: 0.873 ± 0.004	1.432CysGly: 1.432 ± 0.006	0.507CysHis: 0.507 ± 0.003	1.004CysIle: 1.004 ± 0.004	1.006CysLys: 1.006 ± 0.004	1.909CysLeu: 1.909 ± 0.006	0.477CysMet: 0.477 ± 0.003	0.719CysAsn: 0.719 ± 0.003	1.003CysPro: 1.003 ± 0.005	0.63CysGln: 0.63 ± 0.003	1.271CysArg: 1.271 ± 0.005	1.94CysSer: 1.94 ± 0.006	1.003CysThr: 1.003 ± 0.004	1.142CysVal: 1.142 ± 0.004	0.274CysTrp: 0.274 ± 0.002	0.554CysTyr: 0.554 ± 0.003	0.004CysXaa: 0.004 ± 0.0
Asp	4.464AspAla: 4.464 ± 0.009	0.938AspCys: 0.938 ± 0.004	3.802AspAsp: 3.802 ± 0.011	3.805AspGlu: 3.805 ± 0.01	2.092AspPhe: 2.092 ± 0.006	4.362AspGly: 4.362 ± 0.008	1.274AspHis: 1.274 ± 0.004	2.887AspIle: 2.887 ± 0.007	2.612AspLys: 2.612 ± 0.007	4.956AspLeu: 4.956 ± 0.008	1.429AspMet: 1.429 ± 0.005	1.907AspAsn: 1.907 ± 0.006	2.667AspPro: 2.667 ± 0.007	1.686AspGln: 1.686 ± 0.005	2.658AspArg: 2.658 ± 0.006	3.752AspSer: 3.752 ± 0.009	2.388AspThr: 2.388 ± 0.007	3.778AspVal: 3.778 ± 0.007	0.691AspTrp: 0.691 ± 0.003	1.453AspTyr: 1.453 ± 0.005	0.005AspXaa: 0.005 ± 0.0
Glu	5.065GluAla: 5.065 ± 0.012	0.891GluCys: 0.891 ± 0.004	3.671GluAsp: 3.671 ± 0.01	5.37GluGlu: 5.37 ± 0.015	2.056GluPhe: 2.056 ± 0.006	3.653GluGly: 3.653 ± 0.007	1.461GluHis: 1.461 ± 0.006	3.097GluIle: 3.097 ± 0.007	3.883GluLys: 3.883 ± 0.01	5.839GluLeu: 5.839 ± 0.013	1.654GluMet: 1.654 ± 0.005	2.405GluAsn: 2.405 ± 0.007	2.312GluPro: 2.312 ± 0.007	2.315GluGln: 2.315 ± 0.006	3.438GluArg: 3.438 ± 0.008	3.92GluSer: 3.92 ± 0.009	2.68GluThr: 2.68 ± 0.008	4.103GluVal: 4.103 ± 0.008	0.691GluTrp: 0.691 ± 0.003	1.543GluTyr: 1.543 ± 0.005	0.008GluXaa: 0.008 ± 0.0
Phe	2.706PheAla: 2.706 ± 0.007	0.848PheCys: 0.848 ± 0.004	2.158PheAsp: 2.158 ± 0.005	1.937PheGlu: 1.937 ± 0.006	1.768PhePhe: 1.768 ± 0.006	2.864PheGly: 2.864 ± 0.008	1.026PheHis: 1.026 ± 0.004	1.759PheIle: 1.759 ± 0.006	1.596PheLys: 1.596 ± 0.005	4.002PheLeu: 4.002 ± 0.009	0.896PheMet: 0.896 ± 0.004	1.356PheAsn: 1.356 ± 0.004	1.912PhePro: 1.912 ± 0.006	1.346PheGln: 1.346 ± 0.004	2.052PheArg: 2.052 ± 0.005	3.538PheSer: 3.538 ± 0.008	1.825PheThr: 1.825 ± 0.006	2.613PheVal: 2.613 ± 0.007	0.54PheTrp: 0.54 ± 0.003	1.12PheTyr: 1.12 ± 0.004	0.005PheXaa: 0.005 ± 0.0
Gly	5.489GlyAla: 5.489 ± 0.012	1.375GlyCys: 1.375 ± 0.005	3.789GlyAsp: 3.789 ± 0.008	3.763GlyGlu: 3.763 ± 0.009	2.804GlyPhe: 2.804 ± 0.007	6.369GlyGly: 6.369 ± 0.021	1.785GlyHis: 1.785 ± 0.006	3.251GlyIle: 3.251 ± 0.008	3.698GlyLys: 3.698 ± 0.009	6.017GlyLeu: 6.017 ± 0.011	1.706GlyMet: 1.706 ± 0.006	2.761GlyAsn: 2.761 ± 0.008	2.714GlyPro: 2.714 ± 0.008	2.32GlyGln: 2.32 ± 0.006	4.516GlyArg: 4.516 ± 0.011	6.04GlySer: 6.04 ± 0.011	3.551GlyThr: 3.551 ± 0.008	4.476GlyVal: 4.476 ± 0.009	0.927GlyTrp: 0.927 ± 0.004	2.065GlyTyr: 2.065 ± 0.006	0.015GlyXaa: 0.015 ± 0.0
His	1.91HisAla: 1.91 ± 0.007	0.558HisCys: 0.558 ± 0.003	1.296HisAsp: 1.296 ± 0.005	1.313HisGlu: 1.313 ± 0.004	0.983HisPhe: 0.983 ± 0.003	2.09HisGly: 2.09 ± 0.007	1.011HisHis: 1.011 ± 0.005	1.21HisIle: 1.21 ± 0.005	1.078HisLys: 1.078 ± 0.004	2.647HisLeu: 2.647 ± 0.008	0.595HisMet: 0.595 ± 0.003	0.857HisAsn: 0.857 ± 0.004	1.557HisPro: 1.557 ± 0.006	1.053HisGln: 1.053 ± 0.005	1.744HisArg: 1.744 ± 0.005	1.845HisSer: 1.845 ± 0.005	1.119HisThr: 1.119 ± 0.004	1.691HisVal: 1.691 ± 0.004	0.307HisTrp: 0.307 ± 0.002	0.675HisTyr: 0.675 ± 0.003	0.004HisXaa: 0.004 ± 0.0
Ile	3.567IleAla: 3.567 ± 0.008	1.053IleCys: 1.053 ± 0.004	2.574IleAsp: 2.574 ± 0.006	2.614IleGlu: 2.614 ± 0.007	1.975IlePhe: 1.975 ± 0.006	3.063IleGly: 3.063 ± 0.007	1.231IleHis: 1.231 ± 0.005	2.471IleIle: 2.471 ± 0.007	2.419IleLys: 2.419 ± 0.006	4.725IleLeu: 4.725 ± 0.011	1.07IleMet: 1.07 ± 0.005	1.778IleAsn: 1.778 ± 0.004	2.581IlePro: 2.581 ± 0.008	1.748IleGln: 1.748 ± 0.005	2.454IleArg: 2.454 ± 0.006	4.196IleSer: 4.196 ± 0.009	2.401IleThr: 2.401 ± 0.007	3.185IleVal: 3.185 ± 0.007	0.612IleTrp: 0.612 ± 0.003	1.377IleTyr: 1.377 ± 0.005	0.004IleXaa: 0.004 ± 0.0
Lys	3.912LysAla: 3.912 ± 0.008	0.86LysCys: 0.86 ± 0.004	2.928LysAsp: 2.928 ± 0.007	3.852LysGlu: 3.852 ± 0.011	1.74LysPhe: 1.74 ± 0.005	3.225LysGly: 3.225 ± 0.007	1.279LysHis: 1.279 ± 0.005	2.706LysIle: 2.706 ± 0.007	3.621LysLys: 3.621 ± 0.011	5.124LysLeu: 5.124 ± 0.011	1.3LysMet: 1.3 ± 0.005	2.046LysAsn: 2.046 ± 0.006	2.365LysPro: 2.365 ± 0.007	2.076LysGln: 2.076 ± 0.006	3.197LysArg: 3.197 ± 0.009	3.711LysSer: 3.711 ± 0.008	2.412LysThr: 2.412 ± 0.006	3.436LysVal: 3.436 ± 0.008	0.625LysTrp: 0.625 ± 0.004	1.455LysTyr: 1.455 ± 0.005	0.007LysXaa: 0.007 ± 0.0
Leu	7.649LeuAla: 7.649 ± 0.013	1.937LeuCys: 1.937 ± 0.005	5.153LeuAsp: 5.153 ± 0.011	5.877LeuGlu: 5.877 ± 0.011	3.614LeuPhe: 3.614 ± 0.007	5.963LeuGly: 5.963 ± 0.01	2.881LeuHis: 2.881 ± 0.007	4.001LeuIle: 4.001 ± 0.009	5.143LeuLys: 5.143 ± 0.012	10.712LeuLeu: 10.712 ± 0.018	2.083LeuMet: 2.083 ± 0.006	3.263LeuAsn: 3.263 ± 0.008	5.719LeuPro: 5.719 ± 0.011	4.372LeuGln: 4.372 ± 0.01	6.121LeuArg: 6.121 ± 0.011	8.125LeuSer: 8.125 ± 0.015	4.356LeuThr: 4.356 ± 0.008	6.563LeuVal: 6.563 ± 0.013	1.122LeuTrp: 1.122 ± 0.004	2.434LeuTyr: 2.434 ± 0.007	0.017LeuXaa: 0.017 ± 0.001
Met	2.241MetAla: 2.241 ± 0.006	0.373MetCys: 0.373 ± 0.002	1.499MetAsp: 1.499 ± 0.005	1.79MetGlu: 1.79 ± 0.005	0.836MetPhe: 0.836 ± 0.003	1.506MetGly: 1.506 ± 0.005	0.623MetHis: 0.623 ± 0.003	1.086MetIle: 1.086 ± 0.004	1.387MetLys: 1.387 ± 0.005	2.413MetLeu: 2.413 ± 0.007	0.683MetMet: 0.683 ± 0.003	0.886MetAsn: 0.886 ± 0.004	1.235MetPro: 1.235 ± 0.005	1.013MetGln: 1.013 ± 0.004	1.316MetArg: 1.316 ± 0.005	1.802MetSer: 1.802 ± 0.006	1.096MetThr: 1.096 ± 0.004	1.694MetVal: 1.694 ± 0.005	0.284MetTrp: 0.284 ± 0.002	0.635MetTyr: 0.635 ± 0.003	0.003MetXaa: 0.003 ± 0.0
Asn	2.622AsnAla: 2.622 ± 0.006	0.728AsnCys: 0.728 ± 0.003	1.814AsnAsp: 1.814 ± 0.007	1.971AsnGlu: 1.971 ± 0.006	1.497AsnPhe: 1.497 ± 0.006	2.804AsnGly: 2.804 ± 0.007	0.939AsnHis: 0.939 ± 0.003	2.158AsnIle: 2.158 ± 0.005	1.929AsnLys: 1.929 ± 0.007	3.816AsnLeu: 3.816 ± 0.01	1.003AsnMet: 1.003 ± 0.004	1.713AsnAsn: 1.713 ± 0.007	1.942AsnPro: 1.942 ± 0.005	1.403AsnGln: 1.403 ± 0.005	1.783AsnArg: 1.783 ± 0.005	3.018AsnSer: 3.018 ± 0.007	1.8AsnThr: 1.8 ± 0.006	2.398AsnVal: 2.398 ± 0.007	0.445AsnTrp: 0.445 ± 0.003	1.037AsnTyr: 1.037 ± 0.004	0.004AsnXaa: 0.004 ± 0.0
Pro	4.776ProAla: 4.776 ± 0.011	0.912ProCys: 0.912 ± 0.004	2.73ProAsp: 2.73 ± 0.007	3.23ProGlu: 3.23 ± 0.008	1.889ProPhe: 1.889 ± 0.006	3.331ProGly: 3.331 ± 0.008	1.294ProHis: 1.294 ± 0.005	1.967ProIle: 1.967 ± 0.006	2.346ProLys: 2.346 ± 0.007	4.531ProLeu: 4.531 ± 0.01	1.062ProMet: 1.062 ± 0.005	1.886ProAsn: 1.886 ± 0.006	4.911ProPro: 4.911 ± 0.023	1.869ProGln: 1.869 ± 0.007	3.342ProArg: 3.342 ± 0.009	5.437ProSer: 5.437 ± 0.011	2.781ProThr: 2.781 ± 0.007	3.402ProVal: 3.402 ± 0.009	0.664ProTrp: 0.664 ± 0.003	1.282ProTyr: 1.282 ± 0.005	0.014ProXaa: 0.014 ± 0.0
Gln	2.706GlnAla: 2.706 ± 0.008	0.626GlnCys: 0.626 ± 0.003	1.775GlnAsp: 1.775 ± 0.006	2.412GlnGlu: 2.412 ± 0.008	1.275GlnPhe: 1.275 ± 0.005	2.367GlnGly: 2.367 ± 0.007	1.06GlnHis: 1.06 ± 0.004	1.753GlnIle: 1.753 ± 0.006	2.03GlnLys: 2.03 ± 0.007	3.703GlnLeu: 3.703 ± 0.009	0.936GlnMet: 0.936 ± 0.004	1.442GlnAsn: 1.442 ± 0.006	1.938GlnPro: 1.938 ± 0.007	2.31GlnGln: 2.31 ± 0.015	2.343GlnArg: 2.343 ± 0.006	2.691GlnSer: 2.691 ± 0.008	1.615GlnThr: 1.615 ± 0.005	2.402GlnVal: 2.402 ± 0.005	0.451GlnTrp: 0.451 ± 0.003	0.963GlnTyr: 0.963 ± 0.004	0.006GlnXaa: 0.006 ± 0.0
Arg	4.572ArgAla: 4.572 ± 0.01	1.228ArgCys: 1.228 ± 0.005	2.93ArgAsp: 2.93 ± 0.008	3.352ArgGlu: 3.352 ± 0.009	2.209ArgPhe: 2.209 ± 0.006	3.984ArgGly: 3.984 ± 0.01	1.623ArgHis: 1.623 ± 0.006	2.666ArgIle: 2.666 ± 0.006	3.442ArgLys: 3.442 ± 0.007	5.786ArgLeu: 5.786 ± 0.01	1.447ArgMet: 1.447 ± 0.005	2.203ArgAsn: 2.203 ± 0.007	3.284ArgPro: 3.284 ± 0.008	2.142ArgGln: 2.142 ± 0.006	5.758ArgArg: 5.758 ± 0.018	4.943ArgSer: 4.943 ± 0.01	2.756ArgThr: 2.756 ± 0.007	3.597ArgVal: 3.597 ± 0.007	0.89ArgTrp: 0.89 ± 0.004	1.573ArgTyr: 1.573 ± 0.005	0.014ArgXaa: 0.014 ± 0.0
Ser	6.37SerAla: 6.37 ± 0.012	1.787SerCys: 1.787 ± 0.006	4.167SerAsp: 4.167 ± 0.009	4.32SerGlu: 4.32 ± 0.01	3.45SerPhe: 3.45 ± 0.008	5.944SerGly: 5.944 ± 0.01	1.917SerHis: 1.917 ± 0.006	3.845SerIle: 3.845 ± 0.008	4.087SerLys: 4.087 ± 0.009	8.092SerLeu: 8.092 ± 0.015	2.036SerMet: 2.036 ± 0.005	3.179SerAsn: 3.179 ± 0.008	4.838SerPro: 4.838 ± 0.012	2.732SerGln: 2.732 ± 0.007	4.825SerArg: 4.825 ± 0.008	10.021SerSer: 10.021 ± 0.017	4.663SerThr: 4.663 ± 0.01	5.225SerVal: 5.225 ± 0.009	1.148SerTrp: 1.148 ± 0.004	2.168SerTyr: 2.168 ± 0.007	0.013SerXaa: 0.013 ± 0.0
Thr	4.076ThrAla: 4.076 ± 0.01	0.964ThrCys: 0.964 ± 0.004	2.401ThrAsp: 2.401 ± 0.006	2.765ThrGlu: 2.765 ± 0.009	1.832ThrPhe: 1.832 ± 0.005	3.534ThrGly: 3.534 ± 0.008	1.067ThrHis: 1.067 ± 0.004	2.463ThrIle: 2.463 ± 0.007	2.366ThrLys: 2.366 ± 0.006	4.501ThrLeu: 4.501 ± 0.01	1.243ThrMet: 1.243 ± 0.004	1.816ThrAsn: 1.816 ± 0.006	2.841ThrPro: 2.841 ± 0.007	1.469ThrGln: 1.469 ± 0.005	2.62ThrArg: 2.62 ± 0.007	4.535ThrSer: 4.535 ± 0.009	2.924ThrThr: 2.924 ± 0.007	3.517ThrVal: 3.517 ± 0.007	0.622ThrTrp: 0.622 ± 0.003	1.397ThrTyr: 1.397 ± 0.005	0.007ThrXaa: 0.007 ± 0.0
Val	5.85ValAla: 5.85 ± 0.012	1.255ValCys: 1.255 ± 0.004	3.88ValAsp: 3.88 ± 0.008	4.05ValGlu: 4.05 ± 0.008	2.483ValPhe: 2.483 ± 0.007	4.305ValGly: 4.305 ± 0.01	1.754ValHis: 1.754 ± 0.006	3.105ValIle: 3.105 ± 0.007	3.354ValLys: 3.354 ± 0.007	6.792ValLeu: 6.792 ± 0.012	1.531ValMet: 1.531 ± 0.005	2.295ValAsn: 2.295 ± 0.007	3.701ValPro: 3.701 ± 0.009	2.446ValGln: 2.446 ± 0.006	3.723ValArg: 3.723 ± 0.008	5.215ValSer: 5.215 ± 0.009	3.292ValThr: 3.292 ± 0.006	5.157ValVal: 5.157 ± 0.01	0.783ValTrp: 0.783 ± 0.004	1.888ValTyr: 1.888 ± 0.006	0.01ValXaa: 0.01 ± 0.0
Trp	0.885TrpAla: 0.885 ± 0.004	0.264TrpCys: 0.264 ± 0.002	0.68TrpAsp: 0.68 ± 0.003	0.707TrpGlu: 0.707 ± 0.003	0.5TrpPhe: 0.5 ± 0.003	0.711TrpGly: 0.711 ± 0.004	0.336TrpHis: 0.336 ± 0.002	0.628TrpIle: 0.628 ± 0.003	0.772TrpLys: 0.772 ± 0.004	1.221TrpLeu: 1.221 ± 0.005	0.356TrpMet: 0.356 ± 0.002	0.574TrpAsn: 0.574 ± 0.003	0.578TrpPro: 0.578 ± 0.003	0.452TrpGln: 0.452 ± 0.003	0.938TrpArg: 0.938 ± 0.004	1.009TrpSer: 1.009 ± 0.005	0.658TrpThr: 0.658 ± 0.003	0.761TrpVal: 0.761 ± 0.003	0.241TrpTrp: 0.241 ± 0.002	0.342TrpTyr: 0.342 ± 0.002	0.002TrpXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.922TyrAla: 1.922 ± 0.006	0.63TyrCys: 0.63 ± 0.003	1.463TyrAsp: 1.463 ± 0.004	1.393TyrGlu: 1.393 ± 0.004	1.175TyrPhe: 1.175 ± 0.004	2.043TyrGly: 2.043 ± 0.006	0.74TyrHis: 0.74 ± 0.003	1.373TyrIle: 1.373 ± 0.005	1.304TyrLys: 1.304 ± 0.004	2.74TyrLeu: 2.74 ± 0.007	0.736TyrMet: 0.736 ± 0.003	1.151TyrAsn: 1.151 ± 0.004	1.234TyrPro: 1.234 ± 0.004	0.947TyrGln: 0.947 ± 0.004	1.5TyrArg: 1.5 ± 0.005	2.131TyrSer: 2.131 ± 0.006	1.31TyrThr: 1.31 ± 0.004	1.728TyrVal: 1.728 ± 0.005	0.393TyrTrp: 0.393 ± 0.002	0.907TyrTyr: 0.907 ± 0.004	0.004TyrXaa: 0.004 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.018XaaAla: 0.018 ± 0.001	0.004XaaCys: 0.004 ± 0.0	0.006XaaAsp: 0.006 ± 0.0	0.007XaaGlu: 0.007 ± 0.0	0.005XaaPhe: 0.005 ± 0.0	0.014XaaGly: 0.014 ± 0.0	0.003XaaHis: 0.003 ± 0.0	0.004XaaIle: 0.004 ± 0.0	0.005XaaLys: 0.005 ± 0.0	0.015XaaLeu: 0.015 ± 0.001	0.011XaaMet: 0.011 ± 0.0	0.003XaaAsn: 0.003 ± 0.0	0.015XaaPro: 0.015 ± 0.0	0.004XaaGln: 0.004 ± 0.0	0.015XaaArg: 0.015 ± 0.0	0.013XaaSer: 0.013 ± 0.0	0.006XaaThr: 0.006 ± 0.0	0.011XaaVal: 0.011 ± 0.0	0.002XaaTrp: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.003XaaTyr: 0.003 ± 0.0	3.451XaaXaa: 3.451 ± 0.069

Statistics based on 189799 proteins (68226991 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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