Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Apis mellifera (Honeybee)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	5.007AlaAla: 5.007 ± 0.048	1.099AlaCys: 1.099 ± 0.037	2.712AlaAsp: 2.712 ± 0.016	4.005AlaGlu: 4.005 ± 0.031	1.844AlaPhe: 1.844 ± 0.011	3.594AlaGly: 3.594 ± 0.032	1.274AlaHis: 1.274 ± 0.01	3.371AlaIle: 3.371 ± 0.022	3.648AlaLys: 3.648 ± 0.036	5.277AlaLeu: 5.277 ± 0.035	1.351AlaMet: 1.351 ± 0.011	2.538AlaAsn: 2.538 ± 0.02	2.843AlaPro: 2.843 ± 0.027	2.377AlaGln: 2.377 ± 0.019	3.319AlaArg: 3.319 ± 0.024	4.792AlaSer: 4.792 ± 0.03	3.924AlaThr: 3.924 ± 0.022	3.688AlaVal: 3.688 ± 0.022	0.563AlaTrp: 0.563 ± 0.007	1.397AlaTyr: 1.397 ± 0.011	0.0AlaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Cys	0.992CysAla: 0.992 ± 0.017	0.418CysCys: 0.418 ± 0.007	1.047CysAsp: 1.047 ± 0.016	1.133CysGlu: 1.133 ± 0.02	0.649CysPhe: 0.649 ± 0.009	1.272CysGly: 1.272 ± 0.05	0.491CysHis: 0.491 ± 0.008	1.234CysIle: 1.234 ± 0.04	1.162CysLys: 1.162 ± 0.021	1.636CysLeu: 1.636 ± 0.031	0.365CysMet: 0.365 ± 0.007	1.024CysAsn: 1.024 ± 0.023	1.069CysPro: 1.069 ± 0.047	0.792CysGln: 0.792 ± 0.026	1.185CysArg: 1.185 ± 0.048	1.58CysSer: 1.58 ± 0.043	1.144CysThr: 1.144 ± 0.033	1.17CysVal: 1.17 ± 0.041	0.196CysTrp: 0.196 ± 0.004	0.556CysTyr: 0.556 ± 0.009	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	2.864AspAla: 2.864 ± 0.024	0.999AspCys: 0.999 ± 0.026	3.359AspAsp: 3.359 ± 0.028	4.213AspGlu: 4.213 ± 0.025	1.962AspPhe: 1.962 ± 0.013	3.188AspGly: 3.188 ± 0.026	1.076AspHis: 1.076 ± 0.01	3.582AspIle: 3.582 ± 0.019	3.369AspLys: 3.369 ± 0.025	4.522AspLeu: 4.522 ± 0.025	1.117AspMet: 1.117 ± 0.011	2.675AspAsn: 2.675 ± 0.026	2.612AspPro: 2.612 ± 0.049	1.744AspGln: 1.744 ± 0.011	2.74AspArg: 2.74 ± 0.023	4.283AspSer: 4.283 ± 0.027	2.986AspThr: 2.986 ± 0.015	3.402AspVal: 3.402 ± 0.024	0.582AspTrp: 0.582 ± 0.008	1.75AspTyr: 1.75 ± 0.015	0.0AspXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Glu	4.409GluAla: 4.409 ± 0.044	1.331GluCys: 1.331 ± 0.055	4.398GluAsp: 4.398 ± 0.027	8.493GluGlu: 8.493 ± 0.155	2.187GluPhe: 2.187 ± 0.017	3.612GluGly: 3.612 ± 0.037	1.444GluHis: 1.444 ± 0.011	4.715GluIle: 4.715 ± 0.048	6.33GluLys: 6.33 ± 0.089	5.844GluLeu: 5.844 ± 0.036	1.622GluMet: 1.622 ± 0.013	4.208GluAsn: 4.208 ± 0.03	2.885GluPro: 2.885 ± 0.04	3.026GluGln: 3.026 ± 0.031	4.345GluArg: 4.345 ± 0.043	5.209GluSer: 5.209 ± 0.04	4.2GluThr: 4.2 ± 0.044	4.013GluVal: 4.013 ± 0.059	0.686GluTrp: 0.686 ± 0.008	2.028GluTyr: 2.028 ± 0.017	0.0GluXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Phe	1.843PheAla: 1.843 ± 0.014	0.675PheCys: 0.675 ± 0.008	1.865PheAsp: 1.865 ± 0.015	2.117PheGlu: 2.117 ± 0.02	1.313PhePhe: 1.313 ± 0.017	1.998PheGly: 1.998 ± 0.016	0.889PheHis: 0.889 ± 0.008	2.065PheIle: 2.065 ± 0.018	1.877PheLys: 1.877 ± 0.015	3.123PheLeu: 3.123 ± 0.03	0.688PheMet: 0.688 ± 0.008	1.636PheAsn: 1.636 ± 0.014	1.464PhePro: 1.464 ± 0.013	1.32PheGln: 1.32 ± 0.012	1.797PheArg: 1.797 ± 0.019	2.588PheSer: 2.588 ± 0.018	1.995PheThr: 1.995 ± 0.015	2.139PheVal: 2.139 ± 0.016	0.372PheTrp: 0.372 ± 0.006	1.1PheTyr: 1.1 ± 0.014	0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly	3.151GlyAla: 3.151 ± 0.03	0.965GlyCys: 0.965 ± 0.019	2.876GlyAsp: 2.876 ± 0.025	3.75GlyGlu: 3.75 ± 0.038	1.904GlyPhe: 1.904 ± 0.015	5.043GlyGly: 5.043 ± 0.067	1.338GlyHis: 1.338 ± 0.011	3.147GlyIle: 3.147 ± 0.021	3.551GlyLys: 3.551 ± 0.026	4.215GlyLeu: 4.215 ± 0.029	1.157GlyMet: 1.157 ± 0.01	2.802GlyAsn: 2.802 ± 0.02	2.642GlyPro: 2.642 ± 0.038	2.245GlyGln: 2.245 ± 0.019	3.205GlyArg: 3.205 ± 0.023	5.061GlySer: 5.061 ± 0.035	3.374GlyThr: 3.374 ± 0.035	3.1GlyVal: 3.1 ± 0.016	0.586GlyTrp: 0.586 ± 0.007	1.96GlyTyr: 1.96 ± 0.023	0.0GlyXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
His	1.322HisAla: 1.322 ± 0.011	0.536HisCys: 0.536 ± 0.007	1.034HisAsp: 1.034 ± 0.008	1.395HisGlu: 1.395 ± 0.011	0.822HisPhe: 0.822 ± 0.008	1.341HisGly: 1.341 ± 0.012	1.241HisHis: 1.241 ± 0.023	1.336HisIle: 1.336 ± 0.011	1.29HisLys: 1.29 ± 0.01	2.125HisLeu: 2.125 ± 0.018	0.534HisMet: 0.534 ± 0.007	1.15HisAsn: 1.15 ± 0.01	1.373HisPro: 1.373 ± 0.013	1.236HisGln: 1.236 ± 0.014	1.466HisArg: 1.466 ± 0.012	1.92HisSer: 1.92 ± 0.018	1.299HisThr: 1.299 ± 0.01	1.419HisVal: 1.419 ± 0.01	0.273HisTrp: 0.273 ± 0.004	0.802HisTyr: 0.802 ± 0.008	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	3.401IleAla: 3.401 ± 0.02	1.25IleCys: 1.25 ± 0.03	3.36IleAsp: 3.36 ± 0.025	4.63IleGlu: 4.63 ± 0.043	2.198IlePhe: 2.198 ± 0.023	3.017IleGly: 3.017 ± 0.022	1.361IleHis: 1.361 ± 0.012	3.862IleIle: 3.862 ± 0.032	4.034IleLys: 4.034 ± 0.028	5.375IleLeu: 5.375 ± 0.038	1.182IleMet: 1.182 ± 0.012	3.201IleAsn: 3.201 ± 0.031	3.117IlePro: 3.117 ± 0.019	2.539IleGln: 2.539 ± 0.018	2.851IleArg: 2.851 ± 0.015	4.891IleSer: 4.891 ± 0.027	3.774IleThr: 3.774 ± 0.033	3.638IleVal: 3.638 ± 0.02	0.545IleTrp: 0.545 ± 0.007	1.783IleTyr: 1.783 ± 0.016	0.001IleXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Lys	3.328LysAla: 3.328 ± 0.025	1.236LysCys: 1.236 ± 0.031	3.605LysAsp: 3.605 ± 0.025	6.082LysGlu: 6.082 ± 0.08	2.061LysPhe: 2.061 ± 0.015	2.714LysGly: 2.714 ± 0.02	1.437LysHis: 1.437 ± 0.014	4.301LysIle: 4.301 ± 0.033	6.069LysLys: 6.069 ± 0.08	5.685LysLeu: 5.685 ± 0.036	1.468LysMet: 1.468 ± 0.012	3.584LysAsn: 3.584 ± 0.029	3.753LysPro: 3.753 ± 0.112	2.777LysGln: 2.777 ± 0.018	3.779LysArg: 3.779 ± 0.025	4.762LysSer: 4.762 ± 0.032	3.527LysThr: 3.527 ± 0.024	3.534LysVal: 3.534 ± 0.028	0.704LysTrp: 0.704 ± 0.012	2.102LysTyr: 2.102 ± 0.018	0.001LysXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Leu	5.329LeuAla: 5.329 ± 0.028	1.58LeuCys: 1.58 ± 0.017	4.588LeuAsp: 4.588 ± 0.031	6.563LeuGlu: 6.563 ± 0.044	2.762LeuPhe: 2.762 ± 0.026	4.09LeuGly: 4.09 ± 0.022	2.266LeuHis: 2.266 ± 0.019	4.638LeuIle: 4.638 ± 0.03	6.114LeuLys: 6.114 ± 0.048	7.886LeuLeu: 7.886 ± 0.058	1.768LeuMet: 1.768 ± 0.017	4.281LeuAsn: 4.281 ± 0.03	4.525LeuPro: 4.525 ± 0.025	4.441LeuGln: 4.441 ± 0.032	5.05LeuArg: 5.05 ± 0.032	6.836LeuSer: 6.836 ± 0.04	4.965LeuThr: 4.965 ± 0.021	4.543LeuVal: 4.543 ± 0.026	0.809LeuTrp: 0.809 ± 0.009	2.453LeuTyr: 2.453 ± 0.023	0.0LeuXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Met	1.416MetAla: 1.416 ± 0.012	0.381MetCys: 0.381 ± 0.008	1.337MetAsp: 1.337 ± 0.013	1.758MetGlu: 1.758 ± 0.014	0.736MetPhe: 0.736 ± 0.009	1.04MetGly: 1.04 ± 0.01	0.474MetHis: 0.474 ± 0.007	1.164MetIle: 1.164 ± 0.011	1.457MetLys: 1.457 ± 0.012	1.834MetLeu: 1.834 ± 0.016	0.566MetMet: 0.566 ± 0.007	1.073MetAsn: 1.073 ± 0.011	0.983MetPro: 0.983 ± 0.01	1.037MetGln: 1.037 ± 0.012	1.051MetArg: 1.051 ± 0.01	1.677MetSer: 1.677 ± 0.013	1.2MetThr: 1.2 ± 0.01	1.134MetVal: 1.134 ± 0.009	0.223MetTrp: 0.223 ± 0.004	0.644MetTyr: 0.644 ± 0.007	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	2.868AsnAla: 2.868 ± 0.03	0.923AsnCys: 0.923 ± 0.018	2.731AsnAsp: 2.731 ± 0.02	3.639AsnGlu: 3.639 ± 0.023	1.719AsnPhe: 1.719 ± 0.017	3.057AsnGly: 3.057 ± 0.022	1.215AsnHis: 1.215 ± 0.02	3.772AsnIle: 3.772 ± 0.033	3.3AsnLys: 3.3 ± 0.027	4.492AsnLeu: 4.492 ± 0.03	1.115AsnMet: 1.115 ± 0.012	3.716AsnAsn: 3.716 ± 0.041	2.333AsnPro: 2.333 ± 0.042	2.137AsnGln: 2.137 ± 0.019	2.313AsnArg: 2.313 ± 0.017	4.195AsnSer: 4.195 ± 0.031	2.949AsnThr: 2.949 ± 0.025	3.293AsnVal: 3.293 ± 0.017	0.494AsnTrp: 0.494 ± 0.007	1.583AsnTyr: 1.583 ± 0.015	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	3.073ProAla: 3.073 ± 0.023	0.978ProCys: 0.978 ± 0.073	2.529ProAsp: 2.529 ± 0.017	3.776ProGlu: 3.776 ± 0.075	1.539ProPhe: 1.539 ± 0.019	3.299ProGly: 3.299 ± 0.06	1.231ProHis: 1.231 ± 0.012	2.913ProIle: 2.913 ± 0.021	2.949ProLys: 2.949 ± 0.044	4.176ProLeu: 4.176 ± 0.022	0.994ProMet: 0.994 ± 0.01	2.34ProAsn: 2.34 ± 0.03	5.19ProPro: 5.19 ± 0.062	2.252ProGln: 2.252 ± 0.024	2.824ProArg: 2.824 ± 0.021	4.826ProSer: 4.826 ± 0.044	3.413ProThr: 3.413 ± 0.027	3.299ProVal: 3.299 ± 0.036	0.481ProTrp: 0.481 ± 0.006	1.485ProTyr: 1.485 ± 0.014	0.0ProXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gln	2.529GlnAla: 2.529 ± 0.02	0.836GlnCys: 0.836 ± 0.026	1.992GlnAsp: 1.992 ± 0.011	3.216GlnGlu: 3.216 ± 0.023	1.285GlnPhe: 1.285 ± 0.011	1.994GlnGly: 1.994 ± 0.015	1.3GlnHis: 1.3 ± 0.017	2.479GlnIle: 2.479 ± 0.017	2.649GlnLys: 2.649 ± 0.02	3.905GlnLeu: 3.905 ± 0.03	0.947GlnMet: 0.947 ± 0.01	2.369GlnAsn: 2.369 ± 0.024	2.298GlnPro: 2.298 ± 0.025	4.55GlnGln: 4.55 ± 0.098	2.611GlnArg: 2.611 ± 0.022	3.259GlnSer: 3.259 ± 0.026	2.489GlnThr: 2.489 ± 0.017	2.319GlnVal: 2.319 ± 0.017	0.449GlnTrp: 0.449 ± 0.006	1.318GlnTyr: 1.318 ± 0.014	0.0GlnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Arg	3.161ArgAla: 3.161 ± 0.022	1.044ArgCys: 1.044 ± 0.019	2.98ArgAsp: 2.98 ± 0.022	4.007ArgGlu: 4.007 ± 0.032	1.783ArgPhe: 1.783 ± 0.012	3.029ArgGly: 3.029 ± 0.026	1.425ArgHis: 1.425 ± 0.014	3.071ArgIle: 3.071 ± 0.018	3.895ArgLys: 3.895 ± 0.029	4.761ArgLeu: 4.761 ± 0.031	1.085ArgMet: 1.085 ± 0.009	2.745ArgAsn: 2.745 ± 0.019	2.79ArgPro: 2.79 ± 0.035	2.41ArgGln: 2.41 ± 0.015	4.36ArgArg: 4.36 ± 0.039	4.604ArgSer: 4.604 ± 0.043	2.854ArgThr: 2.854 ± 0.017	3.113ArgVal: 3.113 ± 0.025	0.595ArgTrp: 0.595 ± 0.007	1.711ArgTyr: 1.711 ± 0.012	0.0ArgXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ser	4.478SerAla: 4.478 ± 0.026	1.547SerCys: 1.547 ± 0.049	4.313SerAsp: 4.313 ± 0.023	5.084SerGlu: 5.084 ± 0.027	2.506SerPhe: 2.506 ± 0.02	4.93SerGly: 4.93 ± 0.029	1.796SerHis: 1.796 ± 0.015	4.617SerIle: 4.617 ± 0.028	4.95SerLys: 4.95 ± 0.035	6.936SerLeu: 6.936 ± 0.045	1.772SerMet: 1.772 ± 0.013	4.423SerAsn: 4.423 ± 0.034	5.094SerPro: 5.094 ± 0.045	3.473SerGln: 3.473 ± 0.027	4.534SerArg: 4.534 ± 0.039	9.428SerSer: 9.428 ± 0.07	5.78SerThr: 5.78 ± 0.041	4.673SerVal: 4.673 ± 0.022	0.832SerTrp: 0.832 ± 0.008	2.105SerTyr: 2.105 ± 0.017	0.0SerXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Thr	3.664ThrAla: 3.664 ± 0.018	1.236ThrCys: 1.236 ± 0.029	2.953ThrAsp: 2.953 ± 0.018	4.167ThrGlu: 4.167 ± 0.051	2.014ThrPhe: 2.014 ± 0.014	3.641ThrGly: 3.641 ± 0.033	1.22ThrHis: 1.22 ± 0.01	3.826ThrIle: 3.826 ± 0.028	3.508ThrLys: 3.508 ± 0.022	5.279ThrLeu: 5.279 ± 0.026	1.318ThrMet: 1.318 ± 0.01	3.052ThrAsn: 3.052 ± 0.02	3.704ThrPro: 3.704 ± 0.04	2.238ThrGln: 2.238 ± 0.018	2.757ThrArg: 2.757 ± 0.019	5.557ThrSer: 5.557 ± 0.035	4.968ThrThr: 4.968 ± 0.11	3.911ThrVal: 3.911 ± 0.03	0.663ThrTrp: 0.663 ± 0.011	1.625ThrTyr: 1.625 ± 0.013	0.0ThrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Val	3.771ValAla: 3.771 ± 0.021	1.215ValCys: 1.215 ± 0.031	3.138ValAsp: 3.138 ± 0.025	4.352ValGlu: 4.352 ± 0.056	1.921ValPhe: 1.921 ± 0.016	3.027ValGly: 3.027 ± 0.019	1.376ValHis: 1.376 ± 0.011	3.468ValIle: 3.468 ± 0.022	3.791ValLys: 3.791 ± 0.04	4.823ValLeu: 4.823 ± 0.029	1.221ValMet: 1.221 ± 0.011	2.885ValAsn: 2.885 ± 0.027	3.183ValPro: 3.183 ± 0.023	2.504ValGln: 2.504 ± 0.019	2.954ValArg: 2.954 ± 0.018	4.769ValSer: 4.769 ± 0.029	4.081ValThr: 4.081 ± 0.04	3.713ValVal: 3.713 ± 0.024	0.574ValTrp: 0.574 ± 0.007	1.596ValTyr: 1.596 ± 0.012	0.001ValXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Trp	0.494TrpAla: 0.494 ± 0.006	0.19TrpCys: 0.19 ± 0.004	0.553TrpAsp: 0.553 ± 0.009	0.636TrpGlu: 0.636 ± 0.009	0.437TrpPhe: 0.437 ± 0.008	0.45TrpGly: 0.45 ± 0.007	0.235TrpHis: 0.235 ± 0.004	0.655TrpIle: 0.655 ± 0.009	0.702TrpLys: 0.702 ± 0.008	1.005TrpLeu: 1.005 ± 0.01	0.252TrpMet: 0.252 ± 0.005	0.592TrpAsn: 0.592 ± 0.007	0.377TrpPro: 0.377 ± 0.006	0.439TrpGln: 0.439 ± 0.007	0.652TrpArg: 0.652 ± 0.006	0.798TrpSer: 0.798 ± 0.009	0.597TrpThr: 0.597 ± 0.007	0.508TrpVal: 0.508 ± 0.008	0.168TrpTrp: 0.168 ± 0.003	0.389TrpTyr: 0.389 ± 0.007	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.525TyrAla: 1.525 ± 0.013	0.677TyrCys: 0.677 ± 0.01	1.656TyrAsp: 1.656 ± 0.015	1.967TyrGlu: 1.967 ± 0.012	1.22TyrPhe: 1.22 ± 0.014	1.738TyrGly: 1.738 ± 0.015	0.826TyrHis: 0.826 ± 0.009	1.793TyrIle: 1.793 ± 0.016	1.865TyrLys: 1.865 ± 0.017	2.589TyrLeu: 2.589 ± 0.021	0.664TyrMet: 0.664 ± 0.008	1.551TyrAsn: 1.551 ± 0.014	1.331TyrPro: 1.331 ± 0.014	1.259TyrGln: 1.259 ± 0.012	1.63TyrArg: 1.63 ± 0.012	2.234TyrSer: 2.234 ± 0.019	1.781TyrThr: 1.781 ± 0.016	1.751TyrVal: 1.751 ± 0.012	0.333TyrTrp: 0.333 ± 0.006	1.118TyrTyr: 1.118 ± 0.012	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.0XaaAla: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGlu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGly: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaIle: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaLys: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaLeu: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPro: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGln: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaArg: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaSer: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaVal: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaTyr: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0

Statistics based on 19071 proteins (15795738 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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