Sanxia water strider virus 16

Taxonomy: Viruses; Riboviria; unclassified Riboviria; unclassified RNA viruses ShiM-2016

Average proteome isoelectric point is 8.8

Get precalculated fractions of proteins

Acidic
pI < 6.8
6.8-7.4
pI > 7.4
Basic
    
All



Virtual 2D-PAGE plot for 1 proteins (isoelectric point calculated using IPC2_protein)

Get csv file with sequences according to given criteria:
        -     Method 

     -  kDa    
                                                                                      

* You can choose from 21 different methods for calculating isoelectric point

Summary statistics related to proteome-wise predictions


    
Protein with the lowest isoelectric point:
>tr|A0A1L3KGD1|A0A1L3KGD1_9VIRU RNA replicase OS=Sanxia water strider virus 16 OX=1923400 PE=3 SV=1
MM1 pKa = 6.82STNVNDD7 pKa = 4.08NQDD10 pKa = 3.7DD11 pKa = 3.96VPRR14 pKa = 11.84TSKK17 pKa = 10.43ISNLFHH23 pKa = 6.8KK24 pKa = 8.36TRR26 pKa = 11.84PSKK29 pKa = 11.07YY30 pKa = 8.91RR31 pKa = 11.84VTPQKK36 pKa = 10.15PGVIKK41 pKa = 10.47RR42 pKa = 11.84FARR45 pKa = 11.84KK46 pKa = 8.77LHH48 pKa = 5.67YY49 pKa = 10.36EE50 pKa = 4.59FIKK53 pKa = 10.7KK54 pKa = 9.07SVRR57 pKa = 11.84KK58 pKa = 9.28VSKK61 pKa = 10.38AIEE64 pKa = 3.87NRR66 pKa = 11.84IVRR69 pKa = 11.84SADD72 pKa = 2.92LRR74 pKa = 11.84RR75 pKa = 11.84VIDD78 pKa = 3.6HH79 pKa = 7.62KK80 pKa = 11.18IRR82 pKa = 11.84DD83 pKa = 3.7IPLLRR88 pKa = 11.84SSIGHH93 pKa = 5.43THH95 pKa = 6.96PNCAGEE101 pKa = 4.27RR102 pKa = 11.84TAVTLFMQEE111 pKa = 3.99LAKK114 pKa = 10.52QCAYY118 pKa = 10.8DD119 pKa = 4.04PYY121 pKa = 8.58TVSMSSPDD129 pKa = 3.33QLNAEE134 pKa = 4.12EE135 pKa = 4.44GSRR138 pKa = 11.84YY139 pKa = 9.45FFWAKK144 pKa = 10.75DD145 pKa = 3.4FAQEE149 pKa = 4.68MRR151 pKa = 11.84DD152 pKa = 3.88DD153 pKa = 4.85PIKK156 pKa = 11.13ANSLLIFTDD165 pKa = 3.05VDD167 pKa = 3.67FHH169 pKa = 9.55VDD171 pKa = 3.08MNKK174 pKa = 9.1YY175 pKa = 10.77LKK177 pKa = 9.57MFKK180 pKa = 10.4PMLIYY185 pKa = 10.31TIVPTSAGHH194 pKa = 6.02RR195 pKa = 11.84EE196 pKa = 3.85EE197 pKa = 3.88EE198 pKa = 3.91FEE200 pKa = 5.83YY201 pKa = 10.71FFKK204 pKa = 10.85DD205 pKa = 3.24NKK207 pKa = 9.78IHH209 pKa = 6.2YY210 pKa = 8.41KK211 pKa = 10.16VSGGSDD217 pKa = 3.52YY218 pKa = 11.29CHH220 pKa = 6.77QIWDD224 pKa = 3.8YY225 pKa = 11.0KK226 pKa = 10.56GDD228 pKa = 3.53VVTVVDD234 pKa = 3.96KK235 pKa = 11.5NKK237 pKa = 10.43NLLCYY242 pKa = 10.29HH243 pKa = 6.69ITQHH247 pKa = 6.2ALKK250 pKa = 9.74SSPHH254 pKa = 5.83RR255 pKa = 11.84RR256 pKa = 11.84VISILPFASVPYY268 pKa = 9.46PYY270 pKa = 10.57YY271 pKa = 10.78EE272 pKa = 5.37NIPQQPLVRR281 pKa = 11.84KK282 pKa = 7.42TYY284 pKa = 10.2NSNGVSFIDD293 pKa = 3.55STLDD297 pKa = 3.58DD298 pKa = 5.12SISLALEE305 pKa = 3.99GSIEE309 pKa = 4.21SVRR312 pKa = 11.84IRR314 pKa = 11.84RR315 pKa = 11.84KK316 pKa = 8.1MLEE319 pKa = 4.08AIKK322 pKa = 10.41IRR324 pKa = 11.84MGTSNVLEE332 pKa = 4.25KK333 pKa = 10.78PGDD336 pKa = 3.78VEE338 pKa = 4.29FMLYY342 pKa = 8.31KK343 pKa = 10.41TSGDD347 pKa = 3.7KK348 pKa = 11.09ADD350 pKa = 3.77VAIDD354 pKa = 3.45SCLLFEE360 pKa = 4.22ILKK363 pKa = 9.95RR364 pKa = 11.84QAVMTNNVVATTSIATHH381 pKa = 5.24YY382 pKa = 10.52QPVGPLVHH390 pKa = 6.97EE391 pKa = 4.37EE392 pKa = 4.14VKK394 pKa = 10.99DD395 pKa = 3.77PSQLITSPLVTKK407 pKa = 9.95PALFPAQTYY416 pKa = 8.15NAEE419 pKa = 3.93VAAISGRR426 pKa = 11.84VDD428 pKa = 2.99KK429 pKa = 10.74PRR431 pKa = 11.84NDD433 pKa = 3.1VKK435 pKa = 10.92MPLAYY440 pKa = 9.94QNYY443 pKa = 7.84GRR445 pKa = 11.84EE446 pKa = 4.26FAKK449 pKa = 10.9LMIPDD454 pKa = 3.86NKK456 pKa = 9.46IHH458 pKa = 6.42QGRR461 pKa = 11.84PITIAEE467 pKa = 4.26VKK469 pKa = 10.17HH470 pKa = 5.51LQNKK474 pKa = 7.84PMQRR478 pKa = 11.84ARR480 pKa = 11.84TRR482 pKa = 11.84EE483 pKa = 3.85IEE485 pKa = 4.01HH486 pKa = 6.92LIGVEE491 pKa = 3.83PRR493 pKa = 11.84NKK495 pKa = 9.9LRR497 pKa = 11.84SFIKK501 pKa = 10.61NEE503 pKa = 4.1AYY505 pKa = 10.04SAPNDD510 pKa = 3.44PRR512 pKa = 11.84VITTNAAALTLRR524 pKa = 11.84MSAFTYY530 pKa = 9.78AAKK533 pKa = 10.51EE534 pKa = 4.09DD535 pKa = 4.06FLKK538 pKa = 10.54KK539 pKa = 10.52CPFYY543 pKa = 11.34GPGKK547 pKa = 10.14APRR550 pKa = 11.84EE551 pKa = 3.58IHH553 pKa = 6.82DD554 pKa = 3.59RR555 pKa = 11.84MRR557 pKa = 11.84EE558 pKa = 3.72FGEE561 pKa = 4.05EE562 pKa = 4.27GFVITDD568 pKa = 3.07YY569 pKa = 11.55NRR571 pKa = 11.84FDD573 pKa = 3.72GSISRR578 pKa = 11.84ALQQLVNKK586 pKa = 10.18IYY588 pKa = 10.72LRR590 pKa = 11.84WLNDD594 pKa = 3.18GSDD597 pKa = 3.7ADD599 pKa = 3.39EE600 pKa = 4.0WAAMFRR606 pKa = 11.84QVFIQRR612 pKa = 11.84AFTKK616 pKa = 10.09KK617 pKa = 10.28GYY619 pKa = 10.58AYY621 pKa = 10.37DD622 pKa = 3.78PGYY625 pKa = 9.02GTRR628 pKa = 11.84SGSPITTDD636 pKa = 2.9GNTMINAFISYY647 pKa = 9.86CALRR651 pKa = 11.84DD652 pKa = 3.11MGFPVEE658 pKa = 4.32EE659 pKa = 4.21AWSKK663 pKa = 10.98LGLYY667 pKa = 9.5TGDD670 pKa = 4.55DD671 pKa = 3.65GLNRR675 pKa = 11.84NIPGMAAAMTAAVAAMGLNIDD696 pKa = 4.4IAQTLPDD703 pKa = 3.85EE704 pKa = 5.26SITFAGRR711 pKa = 11.84TFPRR715 pKa = 11.84PMTSYY720 pKa = 10.49TSHH723 pKa = 7.08QDD725 pKa = 2.96IKK727 pKa = 10.34RR728 pKa = 11.84TLPKK732 pKa = 10.54LHH734 pKa = 6.17VSSNKK739 pKa = 10.12SVTPEE744 pKa = 2.94IAAYY748 pKa = 10.0NRR750 pKa = 11.84AAGYY754 pKa = 10.04YY755 pKa = 8.44VTDD758 pKa = 3.09ARR760 pKa = 11.84TPLVGTWARR769 pKa = 11.84KK770 pKa = 9.67VLVNCKK776 pKa = 9.92KK777 pKa = 10.47IKK779 pKa = 10.28LVEE782 pKa = 4.65DD783 pKa = 3.28NAEE786 pKa = 3.96NLEE789 pKa = 4.11ALLANSMTSEE799 pKa = 4.05EE800 pKa = 4.16RR801 pKa = 11.84FKK803 pKa = 10.71IANGSWPQDD812 pKa = 3.35NPEE815 pKa = 5.23LIRR818 pKa = 11.84QSVADD823 pKa = 4.09ILNITNNEE831 pKa = 3.97LNQLEE836 pKa = 4.5LQIQAAEE843 pKa = 4.45DD844 pKa = 3.59LHH846 pKa = 6.88KK847 pKa = 11.25LPVVWDD853 pKa = 3.52NTDD856 pKa = 3.0EE857 pKa = 4.5FKK859 pKa = 11.0PKK861 pKa = 9.21LTSLVNGEE869 pKa = 4.36LLRR872 pKa = 11.84PHH874 pKa = 6.79VKK876 pKa = 10.22SEE878 pKa = 3.91PCKK881 pKa = 10.31TEE883 pKa = 3.92SKK885 pKa = 8.67PTNNSSTPQPQTGSIPKK902 pKa = 9.45AAKK905 pKa = 8.96TSSGKK910 pKa = 7.5STKK913 pKa = 9.94SAPKK917 pKa = 9.63PKK919 pKa = 9.83PSNKK923 pKa = 9.14KK924 pKa = 9.8AQASSQAQTKK934 pKa = 8.87TKK936 pKa = 9.44LTASPNSSGPASSTSKK952 pKa = 10.53SRR954 pKa = 11.84APNRR958 pKa = 11.84NDD960 pKa = 3.24NATSAPNAKK969 pKa = 9.81PNVAEE974 pKa = 4.49PSPPPKK980 pKa = 9.85RR981 pKa = 11.84KK982 pKa = 8.45KK983 pKa = 8.45TQLQEE988 pKa = 3.88VTEE991 pKa = 4.22LLKK994 pKa = 10.98KK995 pKa = 10.59LNPSLTDD1002 pKa = 3.41HH1003 pKa = 5.73QVKK1006 pKa = 8.27TLIEE1010 pKa = 4.38NNNPRR1015 pKa = 11.84QEE1017 pKa = 4.05RR1018 pKa = 11.84YY1019 pKa = 9.73

Molecular weight: 114.52 kDa
Isoelectric point according different methods:





Protein with the highest isoelectric point:
>tr|A0A1L3KGD1|A0A1L3KGD1_9VIRU RNA replicase OS=Sanxia water strider virus 16 OX=1923400 PE=3 SV=1
MM1 pKa = 6.82STNVNDD7 pKa = 4.08NQDD10 pKa = 3.7DD11 pKa = 3.96VPRR14 pKa = 11.84TSKK17 pKa = 10.43ISNLFHH23 pKa = 6.8KK24 pKa = 8.36TRR26 pKa = 11.84PSKK29 pKa = 11.07YY30 pKa = 8.91RR31 pKa = 11.84VTPQKK36 pKa = 10.15PGVIKK41 pKa = 10.47RR42 pKa = 11.84FARR45 pKa = 11.84KK46 pKa = 8.77LHH48 pKa = 5.67YY49 pKa = 10.36EE50 pKa = 4.59FIKK53 pKa = 10.7KK54 pKa = 9.07SVRR57 pKa = 11.84KK58 pKa = 9.28VSKK61 pKa = 10.38AIEE64 pKa = 3.87NRR66 pKa = 11.84IVRR69 pKa = 11.84SADD72 pKa = 2.92LRR74 pKa = 11.84RR75 pKa = 11.84VIDD78 pKa = 3.6HH79 pKa = 7.62KK80 pKa = 11.18IRR82 pKa = 11.84DD83 pKa = 3.7IPLLRR88 pKa = 11.84SSIGHH93 pKa = 5.43THH95 pKa = 6.96PNCAGEE101 pKa = 4.27RR102 pKa = 11.84TAVTLFMQEE111 pKa = 3.99LAKK114 pKa = 10.52QCAYY118 pKa = 10.8DD119 pKa = 4.04PYY121 pKa = 8.58TVSMSSPDD129 pKa = 3.33QLNAEE134 pKa = 4.12EE135 pKa = 4.44GSRR138 pKa = 11.84YY139 pKa = 9.45FFWAKK144 pKa = 10.75DD145 pKa = 3.4FAQEE149 pKa = 4.68MRR151 pKa = 11.84DD152 pKa = 3.88DD153 pKa = 4.85PIKK156 pKa = 11.13ANSLLIFTDD165 pKa = 3.05VDD167 pKa = 3.67FHH169 pKa = 9.55VDD171 pKa = 3.08MNKK174 pKa = 9.1YY175 pKa = 10.77LKK177 pKa = 9.57MFKK180 pKa = 10.4PMLIYY185 pKa = 10.31TIVPTSAGHH194 pKa = 6.02RR195 pKa = 11.84EE196 pKa = 3.85EE197 pKa = 3.88EE198 pKa = 3.91FEE200 pKa = 5.83YY201 pKa = 10.71FFKK204 pKa = 10.85DD205 pKa = 3.24NKK207 pKa = 9.78IHH209 pKa = 6.2YY210 pKa = 8.41KK211 pKa = 10.16VSGGSDD217 pKa = 3.52YY218 pKa = 11.29CHH220 pKa = 6.77QIWDD224 pKa = 3.8YY225 pKa = 11.0KK226 pKa = 10.56GDD228 pKa = 3.53VVTVVDD234 pKa = 3.96KK235 pKa = 11.5NKK237 pKa = 10.43NLLCYY242 pKa = 10.29HH243 pKa = 6.69ITQHH247 pKa = 6.2ALKK250 pKa = 9.74SSPHH254 pKa = 5.83RR255 pKa = 11.84RR256 pKa = 11.84VISILPFASVPYY268 pKa = 9.46PYY270 pKa = 10.57YY271 pKa = 10.78EE272 pKa = 5.37NIPQQPLVRR281 pKa = 11.84KK282 pKa = 7.42TYY284 pKa = 10.2NSNGVSFIDD293 pKa = 3.55STLDD297 pKa = 3.58DD298 pKa = 5.12SISLALEE305 pKa = 3.99GSIEE309 pKa = 4.21SVRR312 pKa = 11.84IRR314 pKa = 11.84RR315 pKa = 11.84KK316 pKa = 8.1MLEE319 pKa = 4.08AIKK322 pKa = 10.41IRR324 pKa = 11.84MGTSNVLEE332 pKa = 4.25KK333 pKa = 10.78PGDD336 pKa = 3.78VEE338 pKa = 4.29FMLYY342 pKa = 8.31KK343 pKa = 10.41TSGDD347 pKa = 3.7KK348 pKa = 11.09ADD350 pKa = 3.77VAIDD354 pKa = 3.45SCLLFEE360 pKa = 4.22ILKK363 pKa = 9.95RR364 pKa = 11.84QAVMTNNVVATTSIATHH381 pKa = 5.24YY382 pKa = 10.52QPVGPLVHH390 pKa = 6.97EE391 pKa = 4.37EE392 pKa = 4.14VKK394 pKa = 10.99DD395 pKa = 3.77PSQLITSPLVTKK407 pKa = 9.95PALFPAQTYY416 pKa = 8.15NAEE419 pKa = 3.93VAAISGRR426 pKa = 11.84VDD428 pKa = 2.99KK429 pKa = 10.74PRR431 pKa = 11.84NDD433 pKa = 3.1VKK435 pKa = 10.92MPLAYY440 pKa = 9.94QNYY443 pKa = 7.84GRR445 pKa = 11.84EE446 pKa = 4.26FAKK449 pKa = 10.9LMIPDD454 pKa = 3.86NKK456 pKa = 9.46IHH458 pKa = 6.42QGRR461 pKa = 11.84PITIAEE467 pKa = 4.26VKK469 pKa = 10.17HH470 pKa = 5.51LQNKK474 pKa = 7.84PMQRR478 pKa = 11.84ARR480 pKa = 11.84TRR482 pKa = 11.84EE483 pKa = 3.85IEE485 pKa = 4.01HH486 pKa = 6.92LIGVEE491 pKa = 3.83PRR493 pKa = 11.84NKK495 pKa = 9.9LRR497 pKa = 11.84SFIKK501 pKa = 10.61NEE503 pKa = 4.1AYY505 pKa = 10.04SAPNDD510 pKa = 3.44PRR512 pKa = 11.84VITTNAAALTLRR524 pKa = 11.84MSAFTYY530 pKa = 9.78AAKK533 pKa = 10.51EE534 pKa = 4.09DD535 pKa = 4.06FLKK538 pKa = 10.54KK539 pKa = 10.52CPFYY543 pKa = 11.34GPGKK547 pKa = 10.14APRR550 pKa = 11.84EE551 pKa = 3.58IHH553 pKa = 6.82DD554 pKa = 3.59RR555 pKa = 11.84MRR557 pKa = 11.84EE558 pKa = 3.72FGEE561 pKa = 4.05EE562 pKa = 4.27GFVITDD568 pKa = 3.07YY569 pKa = 11.55NRR571 pKa = 11.84FDD573 pKa = 3.72GSISRR578 pKa = 11.84ALQQLVNKK586 pKa = 10.18IYY588 pKa = 10.72LRR590 pKa = 11.84WLNDD594 pKa = 3.18GSDD597 pKa = 3.7ADD599 pKa = 3.39EE600 pKa = 4.0WAAMFRR606 pKa = 11.84QVFIQRR612 pKa = 11.84AFTKK616 pKa = 10.09KK617 pKa = 10.28GYY619 pKa = 10.58AYY621 pKa = 10.37DD622 pKa = 3.78PGYY625 pKa = 9.02GTRR628 pKa = 11.84SGSPITTDD636 pKa = 2.9GNTMINAFISYY647 pKa = 9.86CALRR651 pKa = 11.84DD652 pKa = 3.11MGFPVEE658 pKa = 4.32EE659 pKa = 4.21AWSKK663 pKa = 10.98LGLYY667 pKa = 9.5TGDD670 pKa = 4.55DD671 pKa = 3.65GLNRR675 pKa = 11.84NIPGMAAAMTAAVAAMGLNIDD696 pKa = 4.4IAQTLPDD703 pKa = 3.85EE704 pKa = 5.26SITFAGRR711 pKa = 11.84TFPRR715 pKa = 11.84PMTSYY720 pKa = 10.49TSHH723 pKa = 7.08QDD725 pKa = 2.96IKK727 pKa = 10.34RR728 pKa = 11.84TLPKK732 pKa = 10.54LHH734 pKa = 6.17VSSNKK739 pKa = 10.12SVTPEE744 pKa = 2.94IAAYY748 pKa = 10.0NRR750 pKa = 11.84AAGYY754 pKa = 10.04YY755 pKa = 8.44VTDD758 pKa = 3.09ARR760 pKa = 11.84TPLVGTWARR769 pKa = 11.84KK770 pKa = 9.67VLVNCKK776 pKa = 9.92KK777 pKa = 10.47IKK779 pKa = 10.28LVEE782 pKa = 4.65DD783 pKa = 3.28NAEE786 pKa = 3.96NLEE789 pKa = 4.11ALLANSMTSEE799 pKa = 4.05EE800 pKa = 4.16RR801 pKa = 11.84FKK803 pKa = 10.71IANGSWPQDD812 pKa = 3.35NPEE815 pKa = 5.23LIRR818 pKa = 11.84QSVADD823 pKa = 4.09ILNITNNEE831 pKa = 3.97LNQLEE836 pKa = 4.5LQIQAAEE843 pKa = 4.45DD844 pKa = 3.59LHH846 pKa = 6.88KK847 pKa = 11.25LPVVWDD853 pKa = 3.52NTDD856 pKa = 3.0EE857 pKa = 4.5FKK859 pKa = 11.0PKK861 pKa = 9.21LTSLVNGEE869 pKa = 4.36LLRR872 pKa = 11.84PHH874 pKa = 6.79VKK876 pKa = 10.22SEE878 pKa = 3.91PCKK881 pKa = 10.31TEE883 pKa = 3.92SKK885 pKa = 8.67PTNNSSTPQPQTGSIPKK902 pKa = 9.45AAKK905 pKa = 8.96TSSGKK910 pKa = 7.5STKK913 pKa = 9.94SAPKK917 pKa = 9.63PKK919 pKa = 9.83PSNKK923 pKa = 9.14KK924 pKa = 9.8AQASSQAQTKK934 pKa = 8.87TKK936 pKa = 9.44LTASPNSSGPASSTSKK952 pKa = 10.53SRR954 pKa = 11.84APNRR958 pKa = 11.84NDD960 pKa = 3.24NATSAPNAKK969 pKa = 9.81PNVAEE974 pKa = 4.49PSPPPKK980 pKa = 9.85RR981 pKa = 11.84KK982 pKa = 8.45KK983 pKa = 8.45TQLQEE988 pKa = 3.88VTEE991 pKa = 4.22LLKK994 pKa = 10.98KK995 pKa = 10.59LNPSLTDD1002 pKa = 3.41HH1003 pKa = 5.73QVKK1006 pKa = 8.27TLIEE1010 pKa = 4.38NNNPRR1015 pKa = 11.84QEE1017 pKa = 4.05RR1018 pKa = 11.84YY1019 pKa = 9.73

Molecular weight: 114.52 kDa
Isoelectric point according different methods:





Peptides (in silico digests for buttom-up proteomics)

Below you can find in silico digests of the whole proteome with Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Trypsin+LysC, LysN, ArgC proteases suitable for different mass spec machines.

Try
ESI
ChTry
ESI
ArgC
ESI
LysN
ESI
TryLysC
ESI

Try
MALDI
ChTry
MALDI
ArgC
MALDI
LysN
MALDI
TryLysC
MALDI

Try
LTQ
ChTry
LTQ
ArgC
LTQ
LysN
LTQ
TryLysC
LTQ

Try
MSlow
ChTry
MSlow
ArgC
MSlow
LysN
MSlow
TryLysC
MSlow

Try
MShigh
ChTry
MShigh
ArgC
MShigh
LysN
MShigh
TryLysC
MShigh

General Statistics

Number of major isoforms

Number of additional isoforms

Number of all proteins

Number of amino acids

Min. Seq. Length

Max. Seq. Length

Avg. Seq. Length

Avg. Mol. Weight

1

0

1

1019

1019

1019

1019.0

114.52

Amino acid frequency

Ala

Cys

Asp

Glu

Phe

Gly

His

Ile

Lys

Leu

8.145 ± 0.0

0.883 ± 0.0

5.397 ± 0.0

5.397 ± 0.0

3.435 ± 0.0

4.22 ± 0.0

2.257 ± 0.0

5.888 ± 0.0

7.949 ± 0.0

7.262 ± 0.0

Met

Asn

Gln

Pro

Arg

Ser

Thr

Val

Trp

Tyr

2.355 ± 0.0

6.084 ± 0.0

6.771 ± 0.0

3.729 ± 0.0

5.888 ± 0.0

7.655 ± 0.0

6.575 ± 0.0

5.79 ± 0.0

0.785 ± 0.0

3.533 ± 0.0
Note: For amino acid frequency statistics the error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Most of the basic statistics you can see at this page can be downloaded from this CSV file

For dipeptide frequency statistics click here
See this proteome in: uniprot_link
Proteome-pI is available under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs license, for more details see here

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944 Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski