Beihai narna-like virus 22

Taxonomy: Viruses; Riboviria; unclassified Riboviria; unclassified RNA viruses ShiM-2016

Average proteome isoelectric point is 8.74

Get precalculated fractions of proteins

Acidic
pI < 6.8
6.8-7.4
pI > 7.4
Basic
    
All



Virtual 2D-PAGE plot for 1 proteins (isoelectric point calculated using IPC2_protein)

Get csv file with sequences according to given criteria:
        -     Method 

     -  kDa    
                                                                                      

* You can choose from 21 different methods for calculating isoelectric point

Summary statistics related to proteome-wise predictions


    
Protein with the lowest isoelectric point:
>tr|A0A1L3KI08|A0A1L3KI08_9VIRU RNA-dependent RNA polymerase OS=Beihai narna-like virus 22 OX=1922450 PE=4 SV=1
MM1 pKa = 7.52TNSCNNIPINMLLKK15 pKa = 10.35EE16 pKa = 4.29YY17 pKa = 9.98NLQVGPCVSIFTKK30 pKa = 10.38RR31 pKa = 11.84VPIWWLKK38 pKa = 8.96RR39 pKa = 11.84SNIRR43 pKa = 11.84FYY45 pKa = 10.82HH46 pKa = 6.55DD47 pKa = 3.25KK48 pKa = 11.1VPFIKK53 pKa = 10.54NLQPDD58 pKa = 3.35DD59 pKa = 3.65RR60 pKa = 11.84VRR62 pKa = 11.84YY63 pKa = 8.91LLSSIWTPRR72 pKa = 11.84DD73 pKa = 3.2RR74 pKa = 11.84PLSFAFRR81 pKa = 11.84AKK83 pKa = 10.45LKK85 pKa = 10.19EE86 pKa = 3.89LSTKK90 pKa = 10.57GSINTIEE97 pKa = 4.36SWWNTVQGCCLPIMVGTNLWTDD119 pKa = 4.6QIPNWCNRR127 pKa = 11.84ITKK130 pKa = 8.58WAFEE134 pKa = 4.31SCSRR138 pKa = 11.84NYY140 pKa = 11.18SLFQSHH146 pKa = 6.0IKK148 pKa = 10.59AEE150 pKa = 4.15RR151 pKa = 11.84KK152 pKa = 9.72LMRR155 pKa = 11.84QYY157 pKa = 11.43FMEE160 pKa = 4.4TGISTLEE167 pKa = 4.28GYY169 pKa = 10.04KK170 pKa = 9.79SSRR173 pKa = 11.84RR174 pKa = 11.84EE175 pKa = 3.54VVTYY179 pKa = 9.72VSVSQEE185 pKa = 3.7VLRR188 pKa = 11.84NLSTVRR194 pKa = 11.84EE195 pKa = 4.05RR196 pKa = 11.84EE197 pKa = 4.04VMIGLLTQTRR207 pKa = 11.84ATGLADD213 pKa = 3.19QRR215 pKa = 11.84MINASLEE222 pKa = 4.1KK223 pKa = 9.59FLSVVSHH230 pKa = 6.65PCAHH234 pKa = 6.27ITLNQKK240 pKa = 9.85VMDD243 pKa = 4.01SMVPRR248 pKa = 11.84ISGYY252 pKa = 10.05IMGYY256 pKa = 7.89TKK258 pKa = 10.77LSSGPSAVFSHH269 pKa = 6.68PRR271 pKa = 11.84TRR273 pKa = 11.84GGQTAAIAEE282 pKa = 4.43LSQRR286 pKa = 11.84YY287 pKa = 6.78ITYY290 pKa = 10.28SYY292 pKa = 11.14DD293 pKa = 3.0LHH295 pKa = 7.02TLEE298 pKa = 4.42KK299 pKa = 8.24TTVEE303 pKa = 3.85RR304 pKa = 11.84TRR306 pKa = 11.84IDD308 pKa = 3.33NARR311 pKa = 11.84KK312 pKa = 9.33VLDD315 pKa = 3.82YY316 pKa = 10.64CIHH319 pKa = 6.43RR320 pKa = 11.84AIHH323 pKa = 6.42RR324 pKa = 11.84RR325 pKa = 11.84TEE327 pKa = 3.92VLKK330 pKa = 10.86VRR332 pKa = 11.84VSTVVEE338 pKa = 3.92PGKK341 pKa = 10.83ARR343 pKa = 11.84VITVGTLEE351 pKa = 4.07YY352 pKa = 10.82VQILSVIAHH361 pKa = 6.84IFKK364 pKa = 10.72EE365 pKa = 4.44SANSQRR371 pKa = 11.84TRR373 pKa = 11.84SGMKK377 pKa = 10.21ASRR380 pKa = 11.84HH381 pKa = 4.52LWNFLWKK388 pKa = 10.61DD389 pKa = 3.63LDD391 pKa = 3.69PRR393 pKa = 11.84NSIWEE398 pKa = 4.45TISGEE403 pKa = 3.87GTIYY407 pKa = 10.93GLSTDD412 pKa = 4.85LEE414 pKa = 4.55TATDD418 pKa = 3.99YY419 pKa = 11.97GNMSMSGQIWDD430 pKa = 4.89LLIQAATRR438 pKa = 11.84VPGVPIKK445 pKa = 10.47LLHH448 pKa = 6.5LGKK451 pKa = 10.19EE452 pKa = 5.0LYY454 pKa = 10.43QSDD457 pKa = 4.24RR458 pKa = 11.84PLFSAGKK465 pKa = 10.2LIATKK470 pKa = 10.44KK471 pKa = 10.2RR472 pKa = 11.84GWLMGDD478 pKa = 3.77PMTKK482 pKa = 9.37ILFTLIQEE490 pKa = 4.46VISRR494 pKa = 11.84SVGRR498 pKa = 11.84TYY500 pKa = 10.67RR501 pKa = 11.84IACSIVGDD509 pKa = 4.04DD510 pKa = 4.11LVVLSRR516 pKa = 11.84EE517 pKa = 3.73RR518 pKa = 11.84SGLKK522 pKa = 9.87EE523 pKa = 3.74YY524 pKa = 10.98LRR526 pKa = 11.84LLEE529 pKa = 4.24TLDD532 pKa = 5.75LKK534 pKa = 10.99ISWKK538 pKa = 8.69DD539 pKa = 3.24TCISDD544 pKa = 3.3QYY546 pKa = 11.22IYY548 pKa = 10.98YY549 pKa = 10.18CEE551 pKa = 3.86EE552 pKa = 4.09LARR555 pKa = 11.84IPQSAGVSLRR565 pKa = 11.84SLARR569 pKa = 11.84KK570 pKa = 8.88NKK572 pKa = 10.38DD573 pKa = 3.26YY574 pKa = 10.78IGYY577 pKa = 9.62IDD579 pKa = 4.0VPKK582 pKa = 10.65LRR584 pKa = 11.84TLIPTRR590 pKa = 11.84GEE592 pKa = 3.48SDD594 pKa = 3.1AFSNTNLGRR603 pKa = 11.84FSLQGKK609 pKa = 8.36SSEE612 pKa = 4.12YY613 pKa = 8.75TSRR616 pKa = 11.84VNTGYY621 pKa = 11.09YY622 pKa = 9.14PVNEE626 pKa = 4.14RR627 pKa = 11.84ALLLQCMFIAEE638 pKa = 4.56DD639 pKa = 3.83TSCIHH644 pKa = 5.2PHH646 pKa = 6.88IPIEE650 pKa = 4.07MGGGGSLVNDD660 pKa = 4.32PFYY663 pKa = 10.65VQRR666 pKa = 11.84SISLCKK672 pKa = 8.67YY673 pKa = 8.71QRR675 pKa = 11.84EE676 pKa = 3.57ITYY679 pKa = 9.89RR680 pKa = 11.84IRR682 pKa = 11.84SILSHH687 pKa = 6.41NGWGFRR693 pKa = 11.84FVHH696 pKa = 6.78GDD698 pKa = 3.0RR699 pKa = 11.84PDD701 pKa = 3.65RR702 pKa = 11.84VTHH705 pKa = 6.35KK706 pKa = 8.88YY707 pKa = 10.29HH708 pKa = 7.11RR709 pKa = 11.84FGKK712 pKa = 10.02IIQDD716 pKa = 2.99PRR718 pKa = 11.84VFPEE722 pKa = 4.1GCIIKK727 pKa = 9.76PRR729 pKa = 11.84NKK731 pKa = 10.17AQSEE735 pKa = 4.17LLASVRR741 pKa = 11.84SSKK744 pKa = 10.39IIPPVDD750 pKa = 2.65AFMRR754 pKa = 11.84LQRR757 pKa = 11.84MYY759 pKa = 10.66YY760 pKa = 10.05FRR762 pKa = 11.84GLFSGTGEE770 pKa = 4.08VPDD773 pKa = 4.29PDD775 pKa = 4.52EE776 pKa = 4.12YY777 pKa = 11.43LKK779 pKa = 11.08SLEE782 pKa = 4.26IPDD785 pKa = 5.78GITKK789 pKa = 10.26PSIGYY794 pKa = 7.22TKK796 pKa = 10.75LNPLTLDD803 pKa = 3.42EE804 pKa = 4.62VSTFLSLWVKK814 pKa = 10.54RR815 pKa = 11.84GLAFRR820 pKa = 11.84DD821 pKa = 5.27DD822 pKa = 3.3IPFWINRR829 pKa = 11.84EE830 pKa = 3.94KK831 pKa = 11.17LDD833 pKa = 3.54INHH836 pKa = 7.22PLVIEE841 pKa = 4.42LFKK844 pKa = 11.17KK845 pKa = 10.31PDD847 pKa = 3.78MPWTTEE853 pKa = 3.74DD854 pKa = 4.71LIEE857 pKa = 4.29EE858 pKa = 4.31SEE860 pKa = 4.24KK861 pKa = 11.07LSLRR865 pKa = 11.84LAEE868 pKa = 4.74NPWEE872 pKa = 4.41IPDD875 pKa = 4.0TLTPALSLVLDD886 pKa = 3.69QDD888 pKa = 4.58AILINILEE896 pKa = 4.18RR897 pKa = 11.84KK898 pKa = 8.29IKK900 pKa = 10.4KK901 pKa = 7.4ITNIGRR907 pKa = 11.84LVVVTLDD914 pKa = 3.24VRR916 pKa = 11.84LLIRR920 pKa = 11.84MNRR923 pKa = 11.84ILRR926 pKa = 11.84KK927 pKa = 9.52RR928 pKa = 11.84GKK930 pKa = 9.96SLDD933 pKa = 4.03RR934 pKa = 11.84IILIDD939 pKa = 3.98PFLNLLGMAPDD950 pKa = 4.66FNPDD954 pKa = 3.34IYY956 pKa = 11.33LEE958 pKa = 4.34DD959 pKa = 3.45QGGITYY965 pKa = 10.1VEE967 pKa = 4.15DD968 pKa = 3.87MYY970 pKa = 11.22FQDD973 pKa = 4.13GMPVPEE979 pKa = 4.5VEE981 pKa = 4.0EE982 pKa = 4.94HH983 pKa = 5.94MFSDD987 pKa = 3.94PVYY990 pKa = 10.79FKK992 pKa = 10.91LCKK995 pKa = 9.18PDD997 pKa = 3.49LPIYY1001 pKa = 9.87IAASVIHH1008 pKa = 6.14TKK1010 pKa = 10.44RR1011 pKa = 11.84FPSPKK1016 pKa = 9.7YY1017 pKa = 9.28RR1018 pKa = 11.84ACGANLLMSS1027 pKa = 4.69

Molecular weight: 117.82 kDa
Isoelectric point according different methods:





Protein with the highest isoelectric point:
>tr|A0A1L3KI08|A0A1L3KI08_9VIRU RNA-dependent RNA polymerase OS=Beihai narna-like virus 22 OX=1922450 PE=4 SV=1
MM1 pKa = 7.52TNSCNNIPINMLLKK15 pKa = 10.35EE16 pKa = 4.29YY17 pKa = 9.98NLQVGPCVSIFTKK30 pKa = 10.38RR31 pKa = 11.84VPIWWLKK38 pKa = 8.96RR39 pKa = 11.84SNIRR43 pKa = 11.84FYY45 pKa = 10.82HH46 pKa = 6.55DD47 pKa = 3.25KK48 pKa = 11.1VPFIKK53 pKa = 10.54NLQPDD58 pKa = 3.35DD59 pKa = 3.65RR60 pKa = 11.84VRR62 pKa = 11.84YY63 pKa = 8.91LLSSIWTPRR72 pKa = 11.84DD73 pKa = 3.2RR74 pKa = 11.84PLSFAFRR81 pKa = 11.84AKK83 pKa = 10.45LKK85 pKa = 10.19EE86 pKa = 3.89LSTKK90 pKa = 10.57GSINTIEE97 pKa = 4.36SWWNTVQGCCLPIMVGTNLWTDD119 pKa = 4.6QIPNWCNRR127 pKa = 11.84ITKK130 pKa = 8.58WAFEE134 pKa = 4.31SCSRR138 pKa = 11.84NYY140 pKa = 11.18SLFQSHH146 pKa = 6.0IKK148 pKa = 10.59AEE150 pKa = 4.15RR151 pKa = 11.84KK152 pKa = 9.72LMRR155 pKa = 11.84QYY157 pKa = 11.43FMEE160 pKa = 4.4TGISTLEE167 pKa = 4.28GYY169 pKa = 10.04KK170 pKa = 9.79SSRR173 pKa = 11.84RR174 pKa = 11.84EE175 pKa = 3.54VVTYY179 pKa = 9.72VSVSQEE185 pKa = 3.7VLRR188 pKa = 11.84NLSTVRR194 pKa = 11.84EE195 pKa = 4.05RR196 pKa = 11.84EE197 pKa = 4.04VMIGLLTQTRR207 pKa = 11.84ATGLADD213 pKa = 3.19QRR215 pKa = 11.84MINASLEE222 pKa = 4.1KK223 pKa = 9.59FLSVVSHH230 pKa = 6.65PCAHH234 pKa = 6.27ITLNQKK240 pKa = 9.85VMDD243 pKa = 4.01SMVPRR248 pKa = 11.84ISGYY252 pKa = 10.05IMGYY256 pKa = 7.89TKK258 pKa = 10.77LSSGPSAVFSHH269 pKa = 6.68PRR271 pKa = 11.84TRR273 pKa = 11.84GGQTAAIAEE282 pKa = 4.43LSQRR286 pKa = 11.84YY287 pKa = 6.78ITYY290 pKa = 10.28SYY292 pKa = 11.14DD293 pKa = 3.0LHH295 pKa = 7.02TLEE298 pKa = 4.42KK299 pKa = 8.24TTVEE303 pKa = 3.85RR304 pKa = 11.84TRR306 pKa = 11.84IDD308 pKa = 3.33NARR311 pKa = 11.84KK312 pKa = 9.33VLDD315 pKa = 3.82YY316 pKa = 10.64CIHH319 pKa = 6.43RR320 pKa = 11.84AIHH323 pKa = 6.42RR324 pKa = 11.84RR325 pKa = 11.84TEE327 pKa = 3.92VLKK330 pKa = 10.86VRR332 pKa = 11.84VSTVVEE338 pKa = 3.92PGKK341 pKa = 10.83ARR343 pKa = 11.84VITVGTLEE351 pKa = 4.07YY352 pKa = 10.82VQILSVIAHH361 pKa = 6.84IFKK364 pKa = 10.72EE365 pKa = 4.44SANSQRR371 pKa = 11.84TRR373 pKa = 11.84SGMKK377 pKa = 10.21ASRR380 pKa = 11.84HH381 pKa = 4.52LWNFLWKK388 pKa = 10.61DD389 pKa = 3.63LDD391 pKa = 3.69PRR393 pKa = 11.84NSIWEE398 pKa = 4.45TISGEE403 pKa = 3.87GTIYY407 pKa = 10.93GLSTDD412 pKa = 4.85LEE414 pKa = 4.55TATDD418 pKa = 3.99YY419 pKa = 11.97GNMSMSGQIWDD430 pKa = 4.89LLIQAATRR438 pKa = 11.84VPGVPIKK445 pKa = 10.47LLHH448 pKa = 6.5LGKK451 pKa = 10.19EE452 pKa = 5.0LYY454 pKa = 10.43QSDD457 pKa = 4.24RR458 pKa = 11.84PLFSAGKK465 pKa = 10.2LIATKK470 pKa = 10.44KK471 pKa = 10.2RR472 pKa = 11.84GWLMGDD478 pKa = 3.77PMTKK482 pKa = 9.37ILFTLIQEE490 pKa = 4.46VISRR494 pKa = 11.84SVGRR498 pKa = 11.84TYY500 pKa = 10.67RR501 pKa = 11.84IACSIVGDD509 pKa = 4.04DD510 pKa = 4.11LVVLSRR516 pKa = 11.84EE517 pKa = 3.73RR518 pKa = 11.84SGLKK522 pKa = 9.87EE523 pKa = 3.74YY524 pKa = 10.98LRR526 pKa = 11.84LLEE529 pKa = 4.24TLDD532 pKa = 5.75LKK534 pKa = 10.99ISWKK538 pKa = 8.69DD539 pKa = 3.24TCISDD544 pKa = 3.3QYY546 pKa = 11.22IYY548 pKa = 10.98YY549 pKa = 10.18CEE551 pKa = 3.86EE552 pKa = 4.09LARR555 pKa = 11.84IPQSAGVSLRR565 pKa = 11.84SLARR569 pKa = 11.84KK570 pKa = 8.88NKK572 pKa = 10.38DD573 pKa = 3.26YY574 pKa = 10.78IGYY577 pKa = 9.62IDD579 pKa = 4.0VPKK582 pKa = 10.65LRR584 pKa = 11.84TLIPTRR590 pKa = 11.84GEE592 pKa = 3.48SDD594 pKa = 3.1AFSNTNLGRR603 pKa = 11.84FSLQGKK609 pKa = 8.36SSEE612 pKa = 4.12YY613 pKa = 8.75TSRR616 pKa = 11.84VNTGYY621 pKa = 11.09YY622 pKa = 9.14PVNEE626 pKa = 4.14RR627 pKa = 11.84ALLLQCMFIAEE638 pKa = 4.56DD639 pKa = 3.83TSCIHH644 pKa = 5.2PHH646 pKa = 6.88IPIEE650 pKa = 4.07MGGGGSLVNDD660 pKa = 4.32PFYY663 pKa = 10.65VQRR666 pKa = 11.84SISLCKK672 pKa = 8.67YY673 pKa = 8.71QRR675 pKa = 11.84EE676 pKa = 3.57ITYY679 pKa = 9.89RR680 pKa = 11.84IRR682 pKa = 11.84SILSHH687 pKa = 6.41NGWGFRR693 pKa = 11.84FVHH696 pKa = 6.78GDD698 pKa = 3.0RR699 pKa = 11.84PDD701 pKa = 3.65RR702 pKa = 11.84VTHH705 pKa = 6.35KK706 pKa = 8.88YY707 pKa = 10.29HH708 pKa = 7.11RR709 pKa = 11.84FGKK712 pKa = 10.02IIQDD716 pKa = 2.99PRR718 pKa = 11.84VFPEE722 pKa = 4.1GCIIKK727 pKa = 9.76PRR729 pKa = 11.84NKK731 pKa = 10.17AQSEE735 pKa = 4.17LLASVRR741 pKa = 11.84SSKK744 pKa = 10.39IIPPVDD750 pKa = 2.65AFMRR754 pKa = 11.84LQRR757 pKa = 11.84MYY759 pKa = 10.66YY760 pKa = 10.05FRR762 pKa = 11.84GLFSGTGEE770 pKa = 4.08VPDD773 pKa = 4.29PDD775 pKa = 4.52EE776 pKa = 4.12YY777 pKa = 11.43LKK779 pKa = 11.08SLEE782 pKa = 4.26IPDD785 pKa = 5.78GITKK789 pKa = 10.26PSIGYY794 pKa = 7.22TKK796 pKa = 10.75LNPLTLDD803 pKa = 3.42EE804 pKa = 4.62VSTFLSLWVKK814 pKa = 10.54RR815 pKa = 11.84GLAFRR820 pKa = 11.84DD821 pKa = 5.27DD822 pKa = 3.3IPFWINRR829 pKa = 11.84EE830 pKa = 3.94KK831 pKa = 11.17LDD833 pKa = 3.54INHH836 pKa = 7.22PLVIEE841 pKa = 4.42LFKK844 pKa = 11.17KK845 pKa = 10.31PDD847 pKa = 3.78MPWTTEE853 pKa = 3.74DD854 pKa = 4.71LIEE857 pKa = 4.29EE858 pKa = 4.31SEE860 pKa = 4.24KK861 pKa = 11.07LSLRR865 pKa = 11.84LAEE868 pKa = 4.74NPWEE872 pKa = 4.41IPDD875 pKa = 4.0TLTPALSLVLDD886 pKa = 3.69QDD888 pKa = 4.58AILINILEE896 pKa = 4.18RR897 pKa = 11.84KK898 pKa = 8.29IKK900 pKa = 10.4KK901 pKa = 7.4ITNIGRR907 pKa = 11.84LVVVTLDD914 pKa = 3.24VRR916 pKa = 11.84LLIRR920 pKa = 11.84MNRR923 pKa = 11.84ILRR926 pKa = 11.84KK927 pKa = 9.52RR928 pKa = 11.84GKK930 pKa = 9.96SLDD933 pKa = 4.03RR934 pKa = 11.84IILIDD939 pKa = 3.98PFLNLLGMAPDD950 pKa = 4.66FNPDD954 pKa = 3.34IYY956 pKa = 11.33LEE958 pKa = 4.34DD959 pKa = 3.45QGGITYY965 pKa = 10.1VEE967 pKa = 4.15DD968 pKa = 3.87MYY970 pKa = 11.22FQDD973 pKa = 4.13GMPVPEE979 pKa = 4.5VEE981 pKa = 4.0EE982 pKa = 4.94HH983 pKa = 5.94MFSDD987 pKa = 3.94PVYY990 pKa = 10.79FKK992 pKa = 10.91LCKK995 pKa = 9.18PDD997 pKa = 3.49LPIYY1001 pKa = 9.87IAASVIHH1008 pKa = 6.14TKK1010 pKa = 10.44RR1011 pKa = 11.84FPSPKK1016 pKa = 9.7YY1017 pKa = 9.28RR1018 pKa = 11.84ACGANLLMSS1027 pKa = 4.69

Molecular weight: 117.82 kDa
Isoelectric point according different methods:





Peptides (in silico digests for buttom-up proteomics)

Below you can find in silico digests of the whole proteome with Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Trypsin+LysC, LysN, ArgC proteases suitable for different mass spec machines.

Try
ESI
ChTry
ESI
ArgC
ESI
LysN
ESI
TryLysC
ESI

Try
MALDI
ChTry
MALDI
ArgC
MALDI
LysN
MALDI
TryLysC
MALDI

Try
LTQ
ChTry
LTQ
ArgC
LTQ
LysN
LTQ
TryLysC
LTQ

Try
MSlow
ChTry
MSlow
ArgC
MSlow
LysN
MSlow
TryLysC
MSlow

Try
MShigh
ChTry
MShigh
ArgC
MShigh
LysN
MShigh
TryLysC
MShigh

General Statistics

Number of major isoforms

Number of additional isoforms

Number of all proteins

Number of amino acids

Min. Seq. Length

Max. Seq. Length

Avg. Seq. Length

Avg. Mol. Weight

1

0

1

1027

1027

1027

1027.0

117.82

Amino acid frequency

Ala

Cys

Asp

Glu

Phe

Gly

His

Ile

Lys

Leu

4.09 ± 0.0

1.655 ± 0.0

5.161 ± 0.0

5.355 ± 0.0

3.408 ± 0.0

5.55 ± 0.0

1.947 ± 0.0

8.374 ± 0.0

5.648 ± 0.0

10.516 ± 0.0

Met

Asn

Gln

Pro

Arg

Ser

Thr

Val

Trp

Tyr

2.532 ± 0.0

3.797 ± 0.0

5.258 ± 0.0

2.921 ± 0.0

7.79 ± 0.0

7.984 ± 0.0

6.134 ± 0.0

6.037 ± 0.0

1.85 ± 0.0

3.992 ± 0.0
Note: For amino acid frequency statistics the error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Most of the basic statistics you can see at this page can be downloaded from this CSV file

For dipeptide frequency statistics click here
See this proteome in: uniprot_link
Proteome-pI is available under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs license, for more details see here

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944 Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski