Amino acid dipepetide frequency for bacterium

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	10.735AlaAla: 10.735 ± 0.099	0.836AlaCys: 0.836 ± 0.023	4.893AlaAsp: 4.893 ± 0.057	4.845AlaGlu: 4.845 ± 0.058	4.081AlaPhe: 4.081 ± 0.051	7.525AlaGly: 7.525 ± 0.074	2.044AlaHis: 2.044 ± 0.034	5.414AlaIle: 5.414 ± 0.057	4.226AlaLys: 4.226 ± 0.053	11.415AlaLeu: 11.415 ± 0.103	2.24AlaMet: 2.24 ± 0.031	3.818AlaAsn: 3.818 ± 0.056	6.064AlaPro: 6.064 ± 0.068	5.055AlaGln: 5.055 ± 0.064	7.342AlaArg: 7.342 ± 0.069	6.184AlaSer: 6.184 ± 0.071	6.666AlaThr: 6.666 ± 0.076	6.359AlaVal: 6.359 ± 0.057	1.511AlaTrp: 1.511 ± 0.026	2.299AlaTyr: 2.299 ± 0.033	0.0AlaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Cys	1.04CysAla: 1.04 ± 0.025	0.16CysCys: 0.16 ± 0.011	0.612CysAsp: 0.612 ± 0.021	0.558CysGlu: 0.558 ± 0.015	0.407CysPhe: 0.407 ± 0.014	0.914CysGly: 0.914 ± 0.023	0.212CysHis: 0.212 ± 0.01	0.422CysIle: 0.422 ± 0.015	0.224CysLys: 0.224 ± 0.011	0.892CysLeu: 0.892 ± 0.024	0.142CysMet: 0.142 ± 0.007	0.284CysAsn: 0.284 ± 0.011	0.562CysPro: 0.562 ± 0.017	0.327CysGln: 0.327 ± 0.013	0.537CysArg: 0.537 ± 0.017	0.568CysSer: 0.568 ± 0.016	0.41CysThr: 0.41 ± 0.016	0.685CysVal: 0.685 ± 0.022	0.152CysTrp: 0.152 ± 0.008	0.254CysTyr: 0.254 ± 0.011	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	5.743AspAla: 5.743 ± 0.057	0.467AspCys: 0.467 ± 0.019	2.844AspAsp: 2.844 ± 0.04	3.829AspGlu: 3.829 ± 0.053	2.416AspPhe: 2.416 ± 0.036	5.123AspGly: 5.123 ± 0.063	0.819AspHis: 0.819 ± 0.022	2.573AspIle: 2.573 ± 0.036	2.159AspLys: 2.159 ± 0.032	4.82AspLeu: 4.82 ± 0.049	0.998AspMet: 0.998 ± 0.023	1.826AspAsn: 1.826 ± 0.032	2.488AspPro: 2.488 ± 0.042	1.297AspGln: 1.297 ± 0.024	2.4AspArg: 2.4 ± 0.04	3.276AspSer: 3.276 ± 0.044	2.717AspThr: 2.717 ± 0.038	3.733AspVal: 3.733 ± 0.042	1.112AspTrp: 1.112 ± 0.026	1.703AspTyr: 1.703 ± 0.026	0.0AspXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Glu	6.376GluAla: 6.376 ± 0.074	0.438GluCys: 0.438 ± 0.016	2.485GluAsp: 2.485 ± 0.045	3.62GluGlu: 3.62 ± 0.059	2.089GluPhe: 2.089 ± 0.038	4.262GluGly: 4.262 ± 0.052	1.053GluHis: 1.053 ± 0.023	3.133GluIle: 3.133 ± 0.041	2.815GluLys: 2.815 ± 0.047	5.865GluLeu: 5.865 ± 0.063	1.416GluMet: 1.416 ± 0.029	2.304GluAsn: 2.304 ± 0.037	2.359GluPro: 2.359 ± 0.037	2.262GluGln: 2.262 ± 0.028	4.248GluArg: 4.248 ± 0.052	3.349GluSer: 3.349 ± 0.038	3.197GluThr: 3.197 ± 0.044	3.97GluVal: 3.97 ± 0.05	1.124GluTrp: 1.124 ± 0.025	1.172GluTyr: 1.172 ± 0.025	0.0GluXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Phe	4.269PheAla: 4.269 ± 0.045	0.51PheCys: 0.51 ± 0.015	2.854PheAsp: 2.854 ± 0.04	2.46PheGlu: 2.46 ± 0.036	1.589PhePhe: 1.589 ± 0.032	3.399PheGly: 3.399 ± 0.044	0.778PheHis: 0.778 ± 0.022	1.732PheIle: 1.732 ± 0.033	1.386PheLys: 1.386 ± 0.023	3.652PheLeu: 3.652 ± 0.053	0.719PheMet: 0.719 ± 0.016	1.544PheAsn: 1.544 ± 0.035	2.034PhePro: 2.034 ± 0.028	1.283PheGln: 1.283 ± 0.022	2.034PheArg: 2.034 ± 0.037	2.885PheSer: 2.885 ± 0.034	2.164PheThr: 2.164 ± 0.035	2.9PheVal: 2.9 ± 0.038	0.795PheTrp: 0.795 ± 0.02	1.205PheTyr: 1.205 ± 0.027	0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly	8.273GlyAla: 8.273 ± 0.082	0.821GlyCys: 0.821 ± 0.021	4.505GlyAsp: 4.505 ± 0.049	4.59GlyGlu: 4.59 ± 0.056	3.422GlyPhe: 3.422 ± 0.043	7.084GlyGly: 7.084 ± 0.097	1.751GlyHis: 1.751 ± 0.028	3.974GlyIle: 3.974 ± 0.05	3.897GlyLys: 3.897 ± 0.047	7.028GlyLeu: 7.028 ± 0.059	1.698GlyMet: 1.698 ± 0.032	3.107GlyAsn: 3.107 ± 0.056	2.923GlyPro: 2.923 ± 0.046	3.311GlyGln: 3.311 ± 0.046	4.63GlyArg: 4.63 ± 0.051	4.62GlySer: 4.62 ± 0.058	5.169GlyThr: 5.169 ± 0.081	5.715GlyVal: 5.715 ± 0.052	1.498GlyTrp: 1.498 ± 0.031	2.309GlyTyr: 2.309 ± 0.031	0.0GlyXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
His	1.73HisAla: 1.73 ± 0.03	0.235HisCys: 0.235 ± 0.013	1.049HisAsp: 1.049 ± 0.026	1.124HisGlu: 1.124 ± 0.025	1.018HisPhe: 1.018 ± 0.025	1.383HisGly: 1.383 ± 0.025	0.527HisHis: 0.527 ± 0.016	1.09HisIle: 1.09 ± 0.026	0.599HisLys: 0.599 ± 0.017	2.076HisLeu: 2.076 ± 0.031	0.354HisMet: 0.354 ± 0.013	0.665HisAsn: 0.665 ± 0.02	1.209HisPro: 1.209 ± 0.028	0.632HisGln: 0.632 ± 0.017	1.162HisArg: 1.162 ± 0.024	1.233HisSer: 1.233 ± 0.028	0.967HisThr: 0.967 ± 0.024	1.267HisVal: 1.267 ± 0.025	0.377HisTrp: 0.377 ± 0.015	0.572HisTyr: 0.572 ± 0.015	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	5.778IleAla: 5.778 ± 0.051	0.524IleCys: 0.524 ± 0.017	2.596IleAsp: 2.596 ± 0.04	3.754IleGlu: 3.754 ± 0.044	1.726IlePhe: 1.726 ± 0.033	4.264IleGly: 4.264 ± 0.056	0.907IleHis: 0.907 ± 0.022	2.329IleIle: 2.329 ± 0.034	1.944IleLys: 1.944 ± 0.036	4.087IleLeu: 4.087 ± 0.047	0.762IleMet: 0.762 ± 0.023	1.827IleAsn: 1.827 ± 0.033	2.533IlePro: 2.533 ± 0.041	1.618IleGln: 1.618 ± 0.03	2.585IleArg: 2.585 ± 0.038	3.31IleSer: 3.31 ± 0.038	2.858IleThr: 2.858 ± 0.045	3.627IleVal: 3.627 ± 0.043	0.73IleTrp: 0.73 ± 0.02	1.355IleTyr: 1.355 ± 0.029	0.0IleXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Lys	4.311LysAla: 4.311 ± 0.053	0.253LysCys: 0.253 ± 0.014	1.815LysAsp: 1.815 ± 0.033	2.035LysGlu: 2.035 ± 0.039	1.409LysPhe: 1.409 ± 0.025	3.049LysGly: 3.049 ± 0.052	0.714LysHis: 0.714 ± 0.019	2.212LysIle: 2.212 ± 0.035	1.952LysLys: 1.952 ± 0.035	3.585LysLeu: 3.585 ± 0.036	1.103LysMet: 1.103 ± 0.024	1.776LysAsn: 1.776 ± 0.028	2.566LysPro: 2.566 ± 0.04	1.6LysGln: 1.6 ± 0.025	2.712LysArg: 2.712 ± 0.043	2.798LysSer: 2.798 ± 0.038	2.794LysThr: 2.794 ± 0.039	2.818LysVal: 2.818 ± 0.04	0.842LysTrp: 0.842 ± 0.02	0.976LysTyr: 0.976 ± 0.023	0.0LysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Leu	10.205LeuAla: 10.205 ± 0.08	1.172LeuCys: 1.172 ± 0.026	5.289LeuAsp: 5.289 ± 0.054	5.905LeuGlu: 5.905 ± 0.068	3.773LeuPhe: 3.773 ± 0.047	7.503LeuGly: 7.503 ± 0.068	1.864LeuHis: 1.864 ± 0.03	4.279LeuIle: 4.279 ± 0.049	4.215LeuLys: 4.215 ± 0.052	9.905LeuLeu: 9.905 ± 0.09	1.925LeuMet: 1.925 ± 0.034	3.461LeuAsn: 3.461 ± 0.045	5.582LeuPro: 5.582 ± 0.053	3.712LeuGln: 3.712 ± 0.05	6.373LeuArg: 6.373 ± 0.065	7.041LeuSer: 7.041 ± 0.074	5.414LeuThr: 5.414 ± 0.063	6.402LeuVal: 6.402 ± 0.06	1.698LeuTrp: 1.698 ± 0.037	2.2LeuTyr: 2.2 ± 0.033	0.0LeuXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Met	2.14MetAla: 2.14 ± 0.032	0.174MetCys: 0.174 ± 0.009	0.85MetAsp: 0.85 ± 0.021	1.012MetGlu: 1.012 ± 0.026	0.618MetPhe: 0.618 ± 0.018	1.666MetGly: 1.666 ± 0.027	0.38MetHis: 0.38 ± 0.015	0.815MetIle: 0.815 ± 0.02	1.266MetLys: 1.266 ± 0.028	1.963MetLeu: 1.963 ± 0.029	0.571MetMet: 0.571 ± 0.016	0.936MetAsn: 0.936 ± 0.023	1.289MetPro: 1.289 ± 0.025	0.865MetGln: 0.865 ± 0.021	1.436MetArg: 1.436 ± 0.028	1.47MetSer: 1.47 ± 0.027	1.248MetThr: 1.248 ± 0.026	1.274MetVal: 1.274 ± 0.026	0.329MetTrp: 0.329 ± 0.012	0.348MetTyr: 0.348 ± 0.014	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	4.027AsnAla: 4.027 ± 0.048	0.324AsnCys: 0.324 ± 0.014	1.981AsnAsp: 1.981 ± 0.036	1.913AsnGlu: 1.913 ± 0.031	1.58AsnPhe: 1.58 ± 0.03	4.009AsnGly: 4.009 ± 0.067	0.658AsnHis: 0.658 ± 0.02	1.871AsnIle: 1.871 ± 0.035	1.24AsnLys: 1.24 ± 0.026	3.456AsnLeu: 3.456 ± 0.046	0.765AsnMet: 0.765 ± 0.02	1.59AsnAsn: 1.59 ± 0.038	2.466AsnPro: 2.466 ± 0.033	1.295AsnGln: 1.295 ± 0.026	2.054AsnArg: 2.054 ± 0.031	2.642AsnSer: 2.642 ± 0.039	2.299AsnThr: 2.299 ± 0.044	2.381AsnVal: 2.381 ± 0.039	0.754AsnTrp: 0.754 ± 0.02	1.155AsnTyr: 1.155 ± 0.022	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	5.262ProAla: 5.262 ± 0.067	0.353ProCys: 0.353 ± 0.014	3.261ProAsp: 3.261 ± 0.043	3.32ProGlu: 3.32 ± 0.044	2.173ProPhe: 2.173 ± 0.034	3.437ProGly: 3.437 ± 0.039	1.096ProHis: 1.096 ± 0.022	2.661ProIle: 2.661 ± 0.038	2.154ProLys: 2.154 ± 0.041	5.448ProLeu: 5.448 ± 0.057	1.104ProMet: 1.104 ± 0.021	2.246ProAsn: 2.246 ± 0.034	2.703ProPro: 2.703 ± 0.042	2.281ProGln: 2.281 ± 0.033	2.932ProArg: 2.932 ± 0.043	3.638ProSer: 3.638 ± 0.05	3.892ProThr: 3.892 ± 0.06	3.827ProVal: 3.827 ± 0.047	0.658ProTrp: 0.658 ± 0.02	1.417ProTyr: 1.417 ± 0.026	0.0ProXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gln	3.376GlnAla: 3.376 ± 0.046	0.296GlnCys: 0.296 ± 0.012	1.516GlnAsp: 1.516 ± 0.027	1.766GlnGlu: 1.766 ± 0.035	1.502GlnPhe: 1.502 ± 0.027	2.729GlnGly: 2.729 ± 0.035	0.715GlnHis: 0.715 ± 0.02	2.421GlnIle: 2.421 ± 0.029	2.0GlnLys: 2.0 ± 0.033	4.013GlnLeu: 4.013 ± 0.049	1.005GlnMet: 1.005 ± 0.025	1.817GlnAsn: 1.817 ± 0.033	1.92GlnPro: 1.92 ± 0.034	1.666GlnGln: 1.666 ± 0.039	2.268GlnArg: 2.268 ± 0.035	2.717GlnSer: 2.717 ± 0.035	2.665GlnThr: 2.665 ± 0.042	2.466GlnVal: 2.466 ± 0.036	0.792GlnTrp: 0.792 ± 0.021	0.9GlnTyr: 0.9 ± 0.022	0.0GlnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Arg	6.607ArgAla: 6.607 ± 0.067	0.497ArgCys: 0.497 ± 0.019	3.702ArgAsp: 3.702 ± 0.044	4.334ArgGlu: 4.334 ± 0.059	2.817ArgPhe: 2.817 ± 0.039	4.272ArgGly: 4.272 ± 0.045	1.284ArgHis: 1.284 ± 0.024	3.073ArgIle: 3.073 ± 0.038	2.05ArgLys: 2.05 ± 0.038	6.274ArgLeu: 6.274 ± 0.068	1.239ArgMet: 1.239 ± 0.024	1.915ArgAsn: 1.915 ± 0.029	2.879ArgPro: 2.879 ± 0.036	2.35ArgGln: 2.35 ± 0.035	4.201ArgArg: 4.201 ± 0.057	3.372ArgSer: 3.372 ± 0.044	3.111ArgThr: 3.111 ± 0.042	4.574ArgVal: 4.574 ± 0.048	1.012ArgTrp: 1.012 ± 0.024	1.737ArgTyr: 1.737 ± 0.027	0.0ArgXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ser	6.379SerAla: 6.379 ± 0.064	0.639SerCys: 0.639 ± 0.021	3.54SerAsp: 3.54 ± 0.045	3.349SerGlu: 3.349 ± 0.043	2.623SerPhe: 2.623 ± 0.036	5.778SerGly: 5.778 ± 0.067	1.264SerHis: 1.264 ± 0.026	3.055SerIle: 3.055 ± 0.043	2.408SerLys: 2.408 ± 0.032	6.351SerLeu: 6.351 ± 0.056	1.286SerMet: 1.286 ± 0.029	2.663SerAsn: 2.663 ± 0.046	3.891SerPro: 3.891 ± 0.052	2.528SerGln: 2.528 ± 0.038	3.692SerArg: 3.692 ± 0.046	4.441SerSer: 4.441 ± 0.056	3.689SerThr: 3.689 ± 0.052	4.397SerVal: 4.397 ± 0.045	1.083SerTrp: 1.083 ± 0.024	1.788SerTyr: 1.788 ± 0.034	0.0SerXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Thr	5.705ThrAla: 5.705 ± 0.072	0.446ThrCys: 0.446 ± 0.016	2.841ThrAsp: 2.841 ± 0.041	2.705ThrGlu: 2.705 ± 0.033	2.403ThrPhe: 2.403 ± 0.036	4.97ThrGly: 4.97 ± 0.062	1.117ThrHis: 1.117 ± 0.025	3.149ThrIle: 3.149 ± 0.043	2.091ThrLys: 2.091 ± 0.036	6.414ThrLeu: 6.414 ± 0.067	1.071ThrMet: 1.071 ± 0.023	2.279ThrAsn: 2.279 ± 0.043	4.567ThrPro: 4.567 ± 0.067	2.34ThrGln: 2.34 ± 0.034	3.428ThrArg: 3.428 ± 0.044	3.723ThrSer: 3.723 ± 0.049	3.896ThrThr: 3.896 ± 0.063	4.197ThrVal: 4.197 ± 0.063	0.914ThrTrp: 0.914 ± 0.024	1.527ThrTyr: 1.527 ± 0.033	0.0ThrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Val	7.728ValAla: 7.728 ± 0.066	0.746ValCys: 0.746 ± 0.02	3.248ValAsp: 3.248 ± 0.041	4.209ValGlu: 4.209 ± 0.054	2.702ValPhe: 2.702 ± 0.037	5.361ValGly: 5.361 ± 0.053	1.144ValHis: 1.144 ± 0.023	3.019ValIle: 3.019 ± 0.04	2.785ValLys: 2.785 ± 0.04	6.587ValLeu: 6.587 ± 0.062	1.38ValMet: 1.38 ± 0.027	2.322ValAsn: 2.322 ± 0.042	3.779ValPro: 3.779 ± 0.05	2.415ValGln: 2.415 ± 0.033	4.344ValArg: 4.344 ± 0.048	4.622ValSer: 4.622 ± 0.048	4.123ValThr: 4.123 ± 0.053	5.362ValVal: 5.362 ± 0.057	1.18ValTrp: 1.18 ± 0.026	1.523ValTyr: 1.523 ± 0.029	0.0ValXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Trp	1.442TrpAla: 1.442 ± 0.027	0.211TrpCys: 0.211 ± 0.01	0.875TrpAsp: 0.875 ± 0.021	0.855TrpGlu: 0.855 ± 0.021	0.648TrpPhe: 0.648 ± 0.022	1.38TrpGly: 1.38 ± 0.033	0.425TrpHis: 0.425 ± 0.015	0.694TrpIle: 0.694 ± 0.018	0.976TrpLys: 0.976 ± 0.023	1.677TrpLeu: 1.677 ± 0.029	0.466TrpMet: 0.466 ± 0.016	1.009TrpAsn: 1.009 ± 0.024	0.773TrpPro: 0.773 ± 0.02	0.812TrpGln: 0.812 ± 0.02	1.245TrpArg: 1.245 ± 0.03	1.155TrpSer: 1.155 ± 0.024	1.045TrpThr: 1.045 ± 0.025	0.985TrpVal: 0.985 ± 0.025	0.31TrpTrp: 0.31 ± 0.014	0.381TrpTyr: 0.381 ± 0.014	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	2.428TyrAla: 2.428 ± 0.034	0.26TyrCys: 0.26 ± 0.011	1.59TyrAsp: 1.59 ± 0.032	1.353TyrGlu: 1.353 ± 0.023	1.191TyrPhe: 1.191 ± 0.027	2.212TyrGly: 2.212 ± 0.033	0.517TyrHis: 0.517 ± 0.015	1.198TyrIle: 1.198 ± 0.024	0.933TyrLys: 0.933 ± 0.022	2.41TyrLeu: 2.41 ± 0.039	0.404TyrMet: 0.404 ± 0.013	1.072TyrAsn: 1.072 ± 0.028	1.276TyrPro: 1.276 ± 0.025	0.904TyrGln: 0.904 ± 0.021	1.678TyrArg: 1.678 ± 0.031	1.802TyrSer: 1.802 ± 0.031	1.46TyrThr: 1.46 ± 0.033	1.641TyrVal: 1.641 ± 0.03	0.493TyrTrp: 0.493 ± 0.017	0.85TyrTyr: 0.85 ± 0.023	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.0XaaAla: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGlu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGly: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaIle: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLeu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPro: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGln: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaArg: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaSer: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaVal: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTyr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0

Statistics based on 5998 proteins (2076602 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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