Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Photinus pyralis (Common eastern firefly) (Lampyris pyralis)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	4.198AlaAla: 4.198 ± 0.037	1.168AlaCys: 1.168 ± 0.023	2.902AlaAsp: 2.902 ± 0.022	3.558AlaGlu: 3.558 ± 0.031	2.433AlaPhe: 2.433 ± 0.018	2.938AlaGly: 2.938 ± 0.028	1.388AlaHis: 1.388 ± 0.017	3.784AlaIle: 3.784 ± 0.027	3.661AlaLys: 3.661 ± 0.029	5.735AlaLeu: 5.735 ± 0.041	1.334AlaMet: 1.334 ± 0.015	2.777AlaAsn: 2.777 ± 0.022	2.618AlaPro: 2.618 ± 0.03	2.221AlaGln: 2.221 ± 0.023	2.723AlaArg: 2.723 ± 0.022	4.316AlaSer: 4.316 ± 0.026	3.563AlaThr: 3.563 ± 0.028	4.086AlaVal: 4.086 ± 0.031	0.583AlaTrp: 0.583 ± 0.01	1.726AlaTyr: 1.726 ± 0.018	0.0AlaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Cys	1.184CysAla: 1.184 ± 0.016	0.518CysCys: 0.518 ± 0.012	1.313CysAsp: 1.313 ± 0.02	1.275CysGlu: 1.275 ± 0.018	0.863CysPhe: 0.863 ± 0.011	1.382CysGly: 1.382 ± 0.035	0.542CysHis: 0.542 ± 0.011	1.305CysIle: 1.305 ± 0.025	1.349CysLys: 1.349 ± 0.019	2.035CysLeu: 2.035 ± 0.028	0.438CysMet: 0.438 ± 0.009	1.167CysAsn: 1.167 ± 0.018	1.004CysPro: 1.004 ± 0.032	0.777CysGln: 0.777 ± 0.019	1.031CysArg: 1.031 ± 0.032	1.685CysSer: 1.685 ± 0.031	1.239CysThr: 1.239 ± 0.02	1.424CysVal: 1.424 ± 0.028	0.204CysTrp: 0.204 ± 0.004	0.656CysTyr: 0.656 ± 0.01	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	2.981AspAla: 2.981 ± 0.024	1.142AspCys: 1.142 ± 0.02	3.52AspAsp: 3.52 ± 0.027	4.03AspGlu: 4.03 ± 0.035	2.29AspPhe: 2.29 ± 0.019	3.011AspGly: 3.011 ± 0.03	1.224AspHis: 1.224 ± 0.013	3.615AspIle: 3.615 ± 0.027	3.17AspLys: 3.17 ± 0.029	5.111AspLeu: 5.111 ± 0.031	1.171AspMet: 1.171 ± 0.013	2.715AspAsn: 2.715 ± 0.024	2.372AspPro: 2.372 ± 0.034	1.745AspGln: 1.745 ± 0.015	2.399AspArg: 2.399 ± 0.024	4.14AspSer: 4.14 ± 0.029	2.784AspThr: 2.784 ± 0.019	3.787AspVal: 3.787 ± 0.025	0.641AspTrp: 0.641 ± 0.011	1.988AspTyr: 1.988 ± 0.017	0.0AspXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Glu	3.608GluAla: 3.608 ± 0.033	1.317GluCys: 1.317 ± 0.039	3.946GluAsp: 3.946 ± 0.031	5.558GluGlu: 5.558 ± 0.089	2.403GluPhe: 2.403 ± 0.02	2.956GluGly: 2.956 ± 0.027	1.502GluHis: 1.502 ± 0.017	4.223GluIle: 4.223 ± 0.034	4.835GluLys: 4.835 ± 0.043	5.94GluLeu: 5.94 ± 0.04	1.597GluMet: 1.597 ± 0.018	3.878GluAsn: 3.878 ± 0.028	2.34GluPro: 2.34 ± 0.025	2.514GluGln: 2.514 ± 0.027	3.425GluArg: 3.425 ± 0.03	4.377GluSer: 4.377 ± 0.031	3.633GluThr: 3.633 ± 0.036	4.043GluVal: 4.043 ± 0.055	0.689GluTrp: 0.689 ± 0.008	2.018GluTyr: 2.018 ± 0.02	0.0GluXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Phe	2.329PheAla: 2.329 ± 0.024	0.91PheCys: 0.91 ± 0.012	2.292PheAsp: 2.292 ± 0.02	2.417PheGlu: 2.417 ± 0.022	1.717PhePhe: 1.717 ± 0.021	2.498PheGly: 2.498 ± 0.026	1.051PheHis: 1.051 ± 0.013	2.502PheIle: 2.502 ± 0.023	2.562PheLys: 2.562 ± 0.022	3.986PheLeu: 3.986 ± 0.033	0.924PheMet: 0.924 ± 0.012	2.196PheAsn: 2.196 ± 0.018	1.861PhePro: 1.861 ± 0.017	1.543PheGln: 1.543 ± 0.015	1.973PheArg: 1.973 ± 0.019	3.264PheSer: 3.264 ± 0.022	2.375PheThr: 2.375 ± 0.021	2.775PheVal: 2.775 ± 0.022	0.492PheTrp: 0.492 ± 0.009	1.544PheTyr: 1.544 ± 0.018	0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly	3.117GlyAla: 3.117 ± 0.031	1.08GlyCys: 1.08 ± 0.018	2.862GlyAsp: 2.862 ± 0.024	3.094GlyGlu: 3.094 ± 0.029	2.324GlyPhe: 2.324 ± 0.024	3.556GlyGly: 3.556 ± 0.042	1.389GlyHis: 1.389 ± 0.015	3.386GlyIle: 3.386 ± 0.026	3.441GlyLys: 3.441 ± 0.029	4.638GlyLeu: 4.638 ± 0.035	1.14GlyMet: 1.14 ± 0.015	2.666GlyAsn: 2.666 ± 0.024	2.161GlyPro: 2.161 ± 0.039	1.918GlyGln: 1.918 ± 0.036	2.746GlyArg: 2.746 ± 0.024	4.172GlySer: 4.172 ± 0.034	3.021GlyThr: 3.021 ± 0.021	3.48GlyVal: 3.48 ± 0.027	0.666GlyTrp: 0.666 ± 0.011	2.04GlyTyr: 2.04 ± 0.028	0.0GlyXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
His	1.269HisAla: 1.269 ± 0.015	0.646HisCys: 0.646 ± 0.012	1.115HisAsp: 1.115 ± 0.013	1.317HisGlu: 1.317 ± 0.014	1.229HisPhe: 1.229 ± 0.013	1.321HisGly: 1.321 ± 0.017	0.836HisHis: 0.836 ± 0.015	1.627HisIle: 1.627 ± 0.016	1.491HisLys: 1.491 ± 0.016	2.658HisLeu: 2.658 ± 0.026	0.616HisMet: 0.616 ± 0.011	1.364HisAsn: 1.364 ± 0.014	1.298HisPro: 1.298 ± 0.014	0.995HisGln: 0.995 ± 0.015	1.291HisArg: 1.291 ± 0.015	2.052HisSer: 2.052 ± 0.019	1.415HisThr: 1.415 ± 0.016	1.576HisVal: 1.576 ± 0.017	0.304HisTrp: 0.304 ± 0.007	0.956HisTyr: 0.956 ± 0.014	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	3.753IleAla: 3.753 ± 0.028	1.403IleCys: 1.403 ± 0.019	3.304IleAsp: 3.304 ± 0.023	3.749IleGlu: 3.749 ± 0.03	2.614IlePhe: 2.614 ± 0.026	3.126IleGly: 3.126 ± 0.026	1.478IleHis: 1.478 ± 0.016	3.785IleIle: 3.785 ± 0.029	3.993IleLys: 3.993 ± 0.033	5.835IleLeu: 5.835 ± 0.033	1.303IleMet: 1.303 ± 0.015	3.302IleAsn: 3.302 ± 0.022	3.18IlePro: 3.18 ± 0.021	2.418IleGln: 2.418 ± 0.021	2.992IleArg: 2.992 ± 0.021	4.851IleSer: 4.851 ± 0.03	3.651IleThr: 3.651 ± 0.026	3.985IleVal: 3.985 ± 0.029	0.612IleTrp: 0.612 ± 0.011	1.955IleTyr: 1.955 ± 0.02	0.0IleXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Lys	3.482LysAla: 3.482 ± 0.024	1.521LysCys: 1.521 ± 0.022	3.381LysAsp: 3.381 ± 0.026	4.648LysGlu: 4.648 ± 0.043	2.507LysPhe: 2.507 ± 0.021	3.044LysGly: 3.044 ± 0.03	1.756LysHis: 1.756 ± 0.018	4.089LysIle: 4.089 ± 0.032	5.186LysLys: 5.186 ± 0.063	6.376LysLeu: 6.376 ± 0.041	1.616LysMet: 1.616 ± 0.017	3.439LysAsn: 3.439 ± 0.028	3.157LysPro: 3.157 ± 0.064	2.771LysGln: 2.771 ± 0.023	3.92LysArg: 3.92 ± 0.038	4.863LysSer: 4.863 ± 0.036	3.713LysThr: 3.713 ± 0.029	4.048LysVal: 4.048 ± 0.03	0.769LysTrp: 0.769 ± 0.012	2.381LysTyr: 2.381 ± 0.019	0.0LysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Leu	5.618LeuAla: 5.618 ± 0.039	1.966LeuCys: 1.966 ± 0.018	4.922LeuAsp: 4.922 ± 0.03	6.203LeuGlu: 6.203 ± 0.044	3.636LeuPhe: 3.636 ± 0.032	4.706LeuGly: 4.706 ± 0.037	2.722LeuHis: 2.722 ± 0.031	5.248LeuIle: 5.248 ± 0.035	6.809LeuLys: 6.809 ± 0.046	9.502LeuLeu: 9.502 ± 0.063	2.067LeuMet: 2.067 ± 0.02	4.942LeuAsn: 4.942 ± 0.03	4.915LeuPro: 4.915 ± 0.029	4.73LeuGln: 4.73 ± 0.037	5.102LeuArg: 5.102 ± 0.036	7.382LeuSer: 7.382 ± 0.043	5.321LeuThr: 5.321 ± 0.027	5.345LeuVal: 5.345 ± 0.034	0.963LeuTrp: 0.963 ± 0.012	2.999LeuTyr: 2.999 ± 0.025	0.0LeuXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Met	1.487MetAla: 1.487 ± 0.017	0.484MetCys: 0.484 ± 0.009	1.259MetAsp: 1.259 ± 0.013	1.585MetGlu: 1.585 ± 0.015	0.926MetPhe: 0.926 ± 0.012	1.207MetGly: 1.207 ± 0.015	0.54MetHis: 0.54 ± 0.009	1.114MetIle: 1.114 ± 0.014	1.509MetLys: 1.509 ± 0.016	2.031MetLeu: 2.031 ± 0.019	0.537MetMet: 0.537 ± 0.009	1.051MetAsn: 1.051 ± 0.012	0.987MetPro: 0.987 ± 0.012	0.963MetGln: 0.963 ± 0.014	1.099MetArg: 1.099 ± 0.014	1.693MetSer: 1.693 ± 0.017	1.134MetThr: 1.134 ± 0.011	1.379MetVal: 1.379 ± 0.015	0.265MetTrp: 0.265 ± 0.006	0.807MetTyr: 0.807 ± 0.011	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	2.979AsnAla: 2.979 ± 0.025	1.205AsnCys: 1.205 ± 0.017	2.654AsnAsp: 2.654 ± 0.024	3.298AsnGlu: 3.298 ± 0.026	2.321AsnPhe: 2.321 ± 0.024	2.993AsnGly: 2.993 ± 0.031	1.211AsnHis: 1.211 ± 0.015	3.517AsnIle: 3.517 ± 0.024	3.339AsnLys: 3.339 ± 0.026	5.214AsnLeu: 5.214 ± 0.04	1.204AsnMet: 1.204 ± 0.014	3.076AsnAsn: 3.076 ± 0.031	2.371AsnPro: 2.371 ± 0.026	1.89AsnGln: 1.89 ± 0.017	2.505AsnArg: 2.505 ± 0.021	4.168AsnSer: 4.168 ± 0.029	2.799AsnThr: 2.799 ± 0.024	3.802AsnVal: 3.802 ± 0.025	0.556AsnTrp: 0.556 ± 0.009	2.008AsnTyr: 2.008 ± 0.018	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	2.595ProAla: 2.595 ± 0.024	0.817ProCys: 0.817 ± 0.049	2.453ProAsp: 2.453 ± 0.021	3.217ProGlu: 3.217 ± 0.052	1.877ProPhe: 1.877 ± 0.021	2.584ProGly: 2.584 ± 0.07	1.233ProHis: 1.233 ± 0.014	2.865ProIle: 2.865 ± 0.021	3.138ProLys: 3.138 ± 0.039	4.279ProLeu: 4.279 ± 0.028	0.89ProMet: 0.89 ± 0.013	2.558ProAsn: 2.558 ± 0.026	3.753ProPro: 3.753 ± 0.051	2.034ProGln: 2.034 ± 0.027	2.186ProArg: 2.186 ± 0.024	4.121ProSer: 4.121 ± 0.04	3.052ProThr: 3.052 ± 0.028	3.051ProVal: 3.051 ± 0.027	0.48ProTrp: 0.48 ± 0.009	1.6ProTyr: 1.6 ± 0.019	0.0ProXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gln	2.203GlnAla: 2.203 ± 0.02	0.893GlnCys: 0.893 ± 0.019	1.807GlnAsp: 1.807 ± 0.018	2.622GlnGlu: 2.622 ± 0.029	1.658GlnPhe: 1.658 ± 0.014	1.759GlnGly: 1.759 ± 0.02	1.128GlnHis: 1.128 ± 0.013	2.468GlnIle: 2.468 ± 0.02	2.642GlnLys: 2.642 ± 0.023	4.073GlnLeu: 4.073 ± 0.032	0.964GlnMet: 0.964 ± 0.013	2.236GlnAsn: 2.236 ± 0.02	1.943GlnPro: 1.943 ± 0.039	2.332GlnGln: 2.332 ± 0.033	2.214GlnArg: 2.214 ± 0.021	2.883GlnSer: 2.883 ± 0.022	2.252GlnThr: 2.252 ± 0.023	2.359GlnVal: 2.359 ± 0.02	0.47GlnTrp: 0.47 ± 0.009	1.37GlnTyr: 1.37 ± 0.017	0.0GlnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Arg	2.682ArgAla: 2.682 ± 0.022	1.037ArgCys: 1.037 ± 0.02	2.633ArgAsp: 2.633 ± 0.023	3.175ArgGlu: 3.175 ± 0.024	2.099ArgPhe: 2.099 ± 0.02	2.554ArgGly: 2.554 ± 0.03	1.384ArgHis: 1.384 ± 0.016	2.945ArgIle: 2.945 ± 0.023	3.993ArgLys: 3.993 ± 0.035	4.675ArgLeu: 4.675 ± 0.03	1.102ArgMet: 1.102 ± 0.014	2.86ArgAsn: 2.86 ± 0.025	2.217ArgPro: 2.217 ± 0.026	2.132ArgGln: 2.132 ± 0.019	3.515ArgArg: 3.515 ± 0.031	3.82ArgSer: 3.82 ± 0.04	2.691ArgThr: 2.691 ± 0.021	2.806ArgVal: 2.806 ± 0.022	0.578ArgTrp: 0.578 ± 0.009	1.742ArgTyr: 1.742 ± 0.017	0.0ArgXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ser	4.393SerAla: 4.393 ± 0.027	1.538SerCys: 1.538 ± 0.033	4.481SerAsp: 4.481 ± 0.03	4.777SerGlu: 4.777 ± 0.029	3.063SerPhe: 3.063 ± 0.024	4.358SerGly: 4.358 ± 0.031	1.901SerHis: 1.901 ± 0.021	4.444SerIle: 4.444 ± 0.029	4.938SerLys: 4.938 ± 0.033	7.133SerLeu: 7.133 ± 0.042	1.556SerMet: 1.556 ± 0.016	4.135SerAsn: 4.135 ± 0.028	4.134SerPro: 4.134 ± 0.051	2.921SerGln: 2.921 ± 0.024	3.686SerArg: 3.686 ± 0.037	7.6SerSer: 7.6 ± 0.061	4.932SerThr: 4.932 ± 0.039	4.903SerVal: 4.903 ± 0.027	0.798SerTrp: 0.798 ± 0.011	2.45SerTyr: 2.45 ± 0.022	0.0SerXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Thr	3.495ThrAla: 3.495 ± 0.027	1.258ThrCys: 1.258 ± 0.029	3.027ThrAsp: 3.027 ± 0.022	3.58ThrGlu: 3.58 ± 0.042	2.464ThrPhe: 2.464 ± 0.022	3.061ThrGly: 3.061 ± 0.026	1.388ThrHis: 1.388 ± 0.017	3.659ThrIle: 3.659 ± 0.026	3.64ThrLys: 3.64 ± 0.033	5.389ThrLeu: 5.389 ± 0.032	1.142ThrMet: 1.142 ± 0.014	2.943ThrAsn: 2.943 ± 0.021	3.265ThrPro: 3.265 ± 0.036	2.092ThrGln: 2.092 ± 0.025	2.484ThrArg: 2.484 ± 0.025	4.816ThrSer: 4.816 ± 0.031	3.846ThrThr: 3.846 ± 0.053	3.985ThrVal: 3.985 ± 0.04	0.6ThrTrp: 0.6 ± 0.011	1.831ThrTyr: 1.831 ± 0.016	0.0ThrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Val	3.991ValAla: 3.991 ± 0.031	1.458ValCys: 1.458 ± 0.021	3.552ValAsp: 3.552 ± 0.027	4.098ValGlu: 4.098 ± 0.044	2.606ValPhe: 2.606 ± 0.024	3.261ValGly: 3.261 ± 0.027	1.567ValHis: 1.567 ± 0.017	3.979ValIle: 3.979 ± 0.026	4.035ValLys: 4.035 ± 0.035	6.035ValLeu: 6.035 ± 0.041	1.373ValMet: 1.373 ± 0.016	3.273ValAsn: 3.273 ± 0.027	3.278ValPro: 3.278 ± 0.031	2.551ValGln: 2.551 ± 0.021	2.975ValArg: 2.975 ± 0.021	4.667ValSer: 4.667 ± 0.026	4.063ValThr: 4.063 ± 0.05	4.329ValVal: 4.329 ± 0.035	0.717ValTrp: 0.717 ± 0.011	2.074ValTyr: 2.074 ± 0.019	0.0ValXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Trp	0.54TrpAla: 0.54 ± 0.01	0.236TrpCys: 0.236 ± 0.005	0.586TrpAsp: 0.586 ± 0.011	0.611TrpGlu: 0.611 ± 0.008	0.498TrpPhe: 0.498 ± 0.007	0.57TrpGly: 0.57 ± 0.012	0.254TrpHis: 0.254 ± 0.007	0.718TrpIle: 0.718 ± 0.012	0.832TrpLys: 0.832 ± 0.013	1.116TrpLeu: 1.116 ± 0.014	0.295TrpMet: 0.295 ± 0.007	0.642TrpAsn: 0.642 ± 0.009	0.433TrpPro: 0.433 ± 0.008	0.424TrpGln: 0.424 ± 0.008	0.638TrpArg: 0.638 ± 0.01	0.81TrpSer: 0.81 ± 0.011	0.593TrpThr: 0.593 ± 0.011	0.618TrpVal: 0.618 ± 0.009	0.177TrpTrp: 0.177 ± 0.005	0.377TrpTyr: 0.377 ± 0.008	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.808TyrAla: 1.808 ± 0.02	0.793TyrCys: 0.793 ± 0.011	1.827TyrAsp: 1.827 ± 0.017	1.987TyrGlu: 1.987 ± 0.015	1.685TyrPhe: 1.685 ± 0.018	2.012TyrGly: 2.012 ± 0.021	0.885TyrHis: 0.885 ± 0.012	2.016TyrIle: 2.016 ± 0.019	2.103TyrLys: 2.103 ± 0.016	3.337TyrLeu: 3.337 ± 0.027	0.786TyrMet: 0.786 ± 0.011	1.89TyrAsn: 1.89 ± 0.02	1.497TyrPro: 1.497 ± 0.018	1.306TyrGln: 1.306 ± 0.014	1.737TyrArg: 1.737 ± 0.017	2.459TyrSer: 2.459 ± 0.02	1.888TyrThr: 1.888 ± 0.019	2.101TyrVal: 2.101 ± 0.018	0.407TyrTrp: 0.407 ± 0.009	1.353TyrTyr: 1.353 ± 0.017	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.0XaaAla: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGlu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGly: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaIle: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLeu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPro: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGln: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaArg: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaSer: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaVal: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTyr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.009XaaXaa: 0.009 ± 0.006

Statistics based on 14952 proteins (7462682 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

---