Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Solanum tuberosum (Potato)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

AlaCysAspGluPheGlyHisIleLysLeuMetAsnProGlnArgSerThrValTrpTyrXaa
Ala
5.441AlaAla: 5.441 ± 0.027
1.116AlaCys: 1.116 ± 0.009
2.948AlaAsp: 2.948 ± 0.014
3.97AlaGlu: 3.97 ± 0.018
2.547AlaPhe: 2.547 ± 0.015
3.763AlaGly: 3.763 ± 0.018
1.237AlaHis: 1.237 ± 0.008
3.747AlaIle: 3.747 ± 0.016
3.908AlaLys: 3.908 ± 0.015
5.909AlaLeu: 5.909 ± 0.02
1.744AlaMet: 1.744 ± 0.011
2.643AlaAsn: 2.643 ± 0.015
2.863AlaPro: 2.863 ± 0.016
2.073AlaGln: 2.073 ± 0.012
3.176AlaArg: 3.176 ± 0.017
5.531AlaSer: 5.531 ± 0.024
3.621AlaThr: 3.621 ± 0.016
4.23AlaVal: 4.23 ± 0.021
0.691AlaTrp: 0.691 ± 0.007
1.725AlaTyr: 1.725 ± 0.011
0.001AlaXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Cys
0.919CysAla: 0.919 ± 0.008
0.534CysCys: 0.534 ± 0.007
0.904CysAsp: 0.904 ± 0.008
0.881CysGlu: 0.881 ± 0.008
0.904CysPhe: 0.904 ± 0.008
1.341CysGly: 1.341 ± 0.012
0.456CysHis: 0.456 ± 0.006
1.056CysIle: 1.056 ± 0.008
1.154CysLys: 1.154 ± 0.01
1.838CysLeu: 1.838 ± 0.014
0.477CysMet: 0.477 ± 0.006
0.875CysAsn: 0.875 ± 0.008
0.968CysPro: 0.968 ± 0.009
0.609CysGln: 0.609 ± 0.007
1.02CysArg: 1.02 ± 0.009
1.769CysSer: 1.769 ± 0.011
0.89CysThr: 0.89 ± 0.008
1.035CysVal: 1.035 ± 0.008
0.246CysTrp: 0.246 ± 0.004
0.583CysTyr: 0.583 ± 0.007
0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp
3.221AspAla: 3.221 ± 0.017
0.929AspCys: 0.929 ± 0.008
3.777AspAsp: 3.777 ± 0.021
4.247AspGlu: 4.247 ± 0.021
2.366AspPhe: 2.366 ± 0.011
3.54AspGly: 3.54 ± 0.021
1.283AspHis: 1.283 ± 0.01
3.224AspIle: 3.224 ± 0.015
2.803AspLys: 2.803 ± 0.016
5.047AspLeu: 5.047 ± 0.019
1.409AspMet: 1.409 ± 0.009
2.239AspAsn: 2.239 ± 0.014
2.621AspPro: 2.621 ± 0.013
1.855AspGln: 1.855 ± 0.013
2.337AspArg: 2.337 ± 0.014
4.154AspSer: 4.154 ± 0.018
2.382AspThr: 2.382 ± 0.013
3.808AspVal: 3.808 ± 0.015
0.674AspTrp: 0.674 ± 0.007
1.609AspTyr: 1.609 ± 0.012
0.0AspXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Glu
4.408GluAla: 4.408 ± 0.02
0.946GluCys: 0.946 ± 0.008
3.976GluAsp: 3.976 ± 0.02
6.455GluGlu: 6.455 ± 0.043
2.473GluPhe: 2.473 ± 0.011
3.686GluGly: 3.686 ± 0.017
1.294GluHis: 1.294 ± 0.009
3.989GluIle: 3.989 ± 0.019
4.951GluLys: 4.951 ± 0.024
5.892GluLeu: 5.892 ± 0.023
1.892GluMet: 1.892 ± 0.012
3.336GluAsn: 3.336 ± 0.018
2.079GluPro: 2.079 ± 0.014
2.186GluGln: 2.186 ± 0.012
3.194GluArg: 3.194 ± 0.017
4.622GluSer: 4.622 ± 0.018
3.046GluThr: 3.046 ± 0.015
4.346GluVal: 4.346 ± 0.02
0.743GluTrp: 0.743 ± 0.007
1.743GluTyr: 1.743 ± 0.012
0.0GluXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Phe
2.362PheAla: 2.362 ± 0.014
0.896PheCys: 0.896 ± 0.007
2.362PheAsp: 2.362 ± 0.012
2.33PheGlu: 2.33 ± 0.012
1.98PhePhe: 1.98 ± 0.013
3.102PheGly: 3.102 ± 0.016
1.111PheHis: 1.111 ± 0.008
2.184PheIle: 2.184 ± 0.013
2.187PheLys: 2.187 ± 0.012
4.274PheLeu: 4.274 ± 0.02
1.029PheMet: 1.029 ± 0.008
1.838PheAsn: 1.838 ± 0.011
2.161PhePro: 2.161 ± 0.013
1.565PheGln: 1.565 ± 0.009
1.95PheArg: 1.95 ± 0.011
3.998PheSer: 3.998 ± 0.018
2.082PheThr: 2.082 ± 0.013
2.736PheVal: 2.736 ± 0.016
0.571PheTrp: 0.571 ± 0.006
1.331PheTyr: 1.331 ± 0.01
0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly
3.623GlyAla: 3.623 ± 0.02
1.252GlyCys: 1.252 ± 0.009
3.338GlyAsp: 3.338 ± 0.016
3.636GlyGlu: 3.636 ± 0.016
2.934GlyPhe: 2.934 ± 0.015
5.26GlyGly: 5.26 ± 0.057
1.496GlyHis: 1.496 ± 0.011
3.672GlyIle: 3.672 ± 0.019
4.243GlyLys: 4.243 ± 0.015
5.622GlyLeu: 5.622 ± 0.022
1.579GlyMet: 1.579 ± 0.011
3.182GlyAsn: 3.182 ± 0.016
2.382GlyPro: 2.382 ± 0.016
2.048GlyGln: 2.048 ± 0.012
3.432GlyArg: 3.432 ± 0.02
5.664GlySer: 5.664 ± 0.021
3.297GlyThr: 3.297 ± 0.017
4.222GlyVal: 4.222 ± 0.018
0.872GlyTrp: 0.872 ± 0.008
2.072GlyTyr: 2.072 ± 0.014
0.001GlyXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
His
1.305HisAla: 1.305 ± 0.01
0.529HisCys: 0.529 ± 0.006
1.186HisAsp: 1.186 ± 0.009
1.341HisGlu: 1.341 ± 0.009
1.102HisPhe: 1.102 ± 0.01
1.595HisGly: 1.595 ± 0.012
0.923HisHis: 0.923 ± 0.011
1.288HisIle: 1.288 ± 0.009
1.234HisLys: 1.234 ± 0.01
2.412HisLeu: 2.412 ± 0.015
0.589HisMet: 0.589 ± 0.005
1.044HisAsn: 1.044 ± 0.009
1.319HisPro: 1.319 ± 0.01
1.031HisGln: 1.031 ± 0.01
1.313HisArg: 1.313 ± 0.01
1.903HisSer: 1.903 ± 0.013
1.043HisThr: 1.043 ± 0.008
1.533HisVal: 1.533 ± 0.011
0.302HisTrp: 0.302 ± 0.004
0.722HisTyr: 0.722 ± 0.007
0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile
3.607IleAla: 3.607 ± 0.017
1.171IleCys: 1.171 ± 0.01
3.193IleAsp: 3.193 ± 0.015
3.474IleGlu: 3.474 ± 0.017
2.433IlePhe: 2.433 ± 0.015
3.6IleGly: 3.6 ± 0.017
1.41IleHis: 1.41 ± 0.01
3.034IleIle: 3.034 ± 0.015
3.075IleLys: 3.075 ± 0.014
5.351IleLeu: 5.351 ± 0.02
1.312IleMet: 1.312 ± 0.009
2.478IleAsn: 2.478 ± 0.013
3.24IlePro: 3.24 ± 0.023
2.1IleGln: 2.1 ± 0.011
2.651IleArg: 2.651 ± 0.013
5.121IleSer: 5.121 ± 0.022
2.831IleThr: 2.831 ± 0.014
3.694IleVal: 3.694 ± 0.015
0.791IleTrp: 0.791 ± 0.008
1.596IleTyr: 1.596 ± 0.012
0.0IleXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Lys
3.876LysAla: 3.876 ± 0.016
1.067LysCys: 1.067 ± 0.009
3.438LysAsp: 3.438 ± 0.016
4.801LysGlu: 4.801 ± 0.021
2.365LysPhe: 2.365 ± 0.013
3.878LysGly: 3.878 ± 0.018
1.349LysHis: 1.349 ± 0.01
3.546LysIle: 3.546 ± 0.016
5.221LysLys: 5.221 ± 0.03
6.092LysLeu: 6.092 ± 0.025
1.658LysMet: 1.658 ± 0.01
2.949LysAsn: 2.949 ± 0.015
2.631LysPro: 2.631 ± 0.016
2.314LysGln: 2.314 ± 0.014
3.623LysArg: 3.623 ± 0.017
4.854LysSer: 4.854 ± 0.023
2.941LysThr: 2.941 ± 0.015
4.048LysVal: 4.048 ± 0.017
0.828LysTrp: 0.828 ± 0.008
1.783LysTyr: 1.783 ± 0.012
0.0LysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Leu
6.122LeuAla: 6.122 ± 0.023
1.788LeuCys: 1.788 ± 0.012
4.978LeuAsp: 4.978 ± 0.019
6.213LeuGlu: 6.213 ± 0.025
3.773LeuPhe: 3.773 ± 0.019
5.659LeuGly: 5.659 ± 0.022
2.488LeuHis: 2.488 ± 0.016
4.906LeuIle: 4.906 ± 0.021
6.233LeuLys: 6.233 ± 0.022
9.243LeuLeu: 9.243 ± 0.035
2.278LeuMet: 2.278 ± 0.012
4.105LeuAsn: 4.105 ± 0.019
5.055LeuPro: 5.055 ± 0.021
4.137LeuGln: 4.137 ± 0.018
5.061LeuArg: 5.061 ± 0.02
8.181LeuSer: 8.181 ± 0.033
4.484LeuThr: 4.484 ± 0.02
6.183LeuVal: 6.183 ± 0.022
1.121LeuTrp: 1.121 ± 0.009
2.493LeuTyr: 2.493 ± 0.013
0.0LeuXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Met
2.074MetAla: 2.074 ± 0.013
0.369MetCys: 0.369 ± 0.005
1.516MetAsp: 1.516 ± 0.009
2.025MetGlu: 2.025 ± 0.012
0.876MetPhe: 0.876 ± 0.007
1.66MetGly: 1.66 ± 0.01
0.549MetHis: 0.549 ± 0.006
1.359MetIle: 1.359 ± 0.01
1.804MetLys: 1.804 ± 0.012
2.257MetLeu: 2.257 ± 0.014
0.737MetMet: 0.737 ± 0.008
1.21MetAsn: 1.21 ± 0.01
1.13MetPro: 1.13 ± 0.01
0.962MetGln: 0.962 ± 0.009
1.215MetArg: 1.215 ± 0.009
1.906MetSer: 1.906 ± 0.011
1.207MetThr: 1.207 ± 0.01
1.728MetVal: 1.728 ± 0.011
0.28MetTrp: 0.28 ± 0.004
0.644MetTyr: 0.644 ± 0.007
0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn
2.632AsnAla: 2.632 ± 0.015
0.926AsnCys: 0.926 ± 0.008
2.316AsnAsp: 2.316 ± 0.014
2.833AsnGlu: 2.833 ± 0.017
2.156AsnPhe: 2.156 ± 0.012
3.27AsnGly: 3.27 ± 0.017
1.141AsnHis: 1.141 ± 0.01
2.755AsnIle: 2.755 ± 0.014
2.706AsnLys: 2.706 ± 0.015
4.8AsnLeu: 4.8 ± 0.022
1.215AsnMet: 1.215 ± 0.008
2.817AsnAsn: 2.817 ± 0.024
2.381AsnPro: 2.381 ± 0.013
1.815AsnGln: 1.815 ± 0.012
2.103AsnArg: 2.103 ± 0.013
4.122AsnSer: 4.122 ± 0.02
2.14AsnThr: 2.14 ± 0.012
3.089AsnVal: 3.089 ± 0.015
0.607AsnTrp: 0.607 ± 0.006
1.478AsnTyr: 1.478 ± 0.011
0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro
2.828ProAla: 2.828 ± 0.017
0.767ProCys: 0.767 ± 0.007
2.333ProAsp: 2.333 ± 0.014
3.072ProGlu: 3.072 ± 0.016
2.05ProPhe: 2.05 ± 0.011
2.494ProGly: 2.494 ± 0.014
1.145ProHis: 1.145 ± 0.008
2.625ProIle: 2.625 ± 0.015
2.935ProLys: 2.935 ± 0.018
4.263ProLeu: 4.263 ± 0.017
1.023ProMet: 1.023 ± 0.008
2.496ProAsn: 2.496 ± 0.015
3.976ProPro: 3.976 ± 0.069
1.865ProGln: 1.865 ± 0.013
2.44ProArg: 2.44 ± 0.015
5.067ProSer: 5.067 ± 0.025
2.844ProThr: 2.844 ± 0.016
2.989ProVal: 2.989 ± 0.014
0.606ProTrp: 0.606 ± 0.007
1.394ProTyr: 1.394 ± 0.012
0.001ProXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Gln
2.288GlnAla: 2.288 ± 0.013
0.574GlnCys: 0.574 ± 0.006
1.709GlnAsp: 1.709 ± 0.013
2.445GlnGlu: 2.445 ± 0.015
1.383GlnPhe: 1.383 ± 0.01
2.149GlnGly: 2.149 ± 0.012
0.944GlnHis: 0.944 ± 0.009
2.055GlnIle: 2.055 ± 0.012
2.392GlnLys: 2.392 ± 0.013
3.663GlnLeu: 3.663 ± 0.018
1.015GlnMet: 1.015 ± 0.009
1.928GlnAsn: 1.928 ± 0.014
1.67GlnPro: 1.67 ± 0.011
2.099GlnGln: 2.099 ± 0.022
2.011GlnArg: 2.011 ± 0.012
2.809GlnSer: 2.809 ± 0.015
1.737GlnThr: 1.737 ± 0.011
2.486GlnVal: 2.486 ± 0.013
0.447GlnTrp: 0.447 ± 0.005
0.936GlnTyr: 0.936 ± 0.006
0.0GlnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Arg
3.03ArgAla: 3.03 ± 0.016
0.897ArgCys: 0.897 ± 0.008
2.667ArgAsp: 2.667 ± 0.016
3.193ArgGlu: 3.193 ± 0.017
2.094ArgPhe: 2.094 ± 0.012
3.199ArgGly: 3.199 ± 0.017
1.215ArgHis: 1.215 ± 0.01
2.915ArgIle: 2.915 ± 0.016
3.781ArgLys: 3.781 ± 0.015
4.647ArgLeu: 4.647 ± 0.019
1.365ArgMet: 1.365 ± 0.01
2.504ArgAsn: 2.504 ± 0.014
2.26ArgPro: 2.26 ± 0.014
1.788ArgGln: 1.788 ± 0.011
3.824ArgArg: 3.824 ± 0.023
4.155ArgSer: 4.155 ± 0.02
2.434ArgThr: 2.434 ± 0.015
3.239ArgVal: 3.239 ± 0.017
0.705ArgTrp: 0.705 ± 0.007
1.448ArgTyr: 1.448 ± 0.011
0.0ArgXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ser
4.914SerAla: 4.914 ± 0.022
1.704SerCys: 1.704 ± 0.011
4.301SerAsp: 4.301 ± 0.02
4.639SerGlu: 4.639 ± 0.019
3.908SerPhe: 3.908 ± 0.016
5.589SerGly: 5.589 ± 0.024
1.995SerHis: 1.995 ± 0.013
4.896SerIle: 4.896 ± 0.019
5.068SerLys: 5.068 ± 0.02
8.311SerLeu: 8.311 ± 0.028
2.159SerMet: 2.159 ± 0.012
4.233SerAsn: 4.233 ± 0.02
4.561SerPro: 4.561 ± 0.033
2.978SerGln: 2.978 ± 0.017
4.325SerArg: 4.325 ± 0.021
10.542SerSer: 10.542 ± 0.044
4.997SerThr: 4.997 ± 0.022
5.1SerVal: 5.1 ± 0.021
1.17SerTrp: 1.17 ± 0.01
2.399SerTyr: 2.399 ± 0.014
0.0SerXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Thr
3.134ThrAla: 3.134 ± 0.015
0.963ThrCys: 0.963 ± 0.008
2.444ThrAsp: 2.444 ± 0.013
2.869ThrGlu: 2.869 ± 0.015
2.152ThrPhe: 2.152 ± 0.011
3.187ThrGly: 3.187 ± 0.017
1.126ThrHis: 1.126 ± 0.009
3.05ThrIle: 3.05 ± 0.015
2.952ThrLys: 2.952 ± 0.015
4.735ThrLeu: 4.735 ± 0.018
1.233ThrMet: 1.233 ± 0.008
2.389ThrAsn: 2.389 ± 0.014
2.8ThrPro: 2.8 ± 0.016
1.676ThrGln: 1.676 ± 0.011
2.469ThrArg: 2.469 ± 0.012
4.909ThrSer: 4.909 ± 0.017
3.471ThrThr: 3.471 ± 0.019
3.194ThrVal: 3.194 ± 0.015
0.623ThrTrp: 0.623 ± 0.006
1.466ThrTyr: 1.466 ± 0.011
0.0ThrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Val
4.598ValAla: 4.598 ± 0.017
1.127ValCys: 1.127 ± 0.009
3.88ValAsp: 3.88 ± 0.019
4.52ValGlu: 4.52 ± 0.02
2.624ValPhe: 2.624 ± 0.016
4.005ValGly: 4.005 ± 0.021
1.533ValHis: 1.533 ± 0.011
3.54ValIle: 3.54 ± 0.017
3.978ValLys: 3.978 ± 0.018
6.114ValLeu: 6.114 ± 0.023
1.638ValMet: 1.638 ± 0.011
2.86ValAsn: 2.86 ± 0.017
3.323ValPro: 3.323 ± 0.019
2.295ValGln: 2.295 ± 0.013
2.981ValArg: 2.981 ± 0.014
5.187ValSer: 5.187 ± 0.019
3.366ValThr: 3.366 ± 0.016
4.993ValVal: 4.993 ± 0.023
0.766ValTrp: 0.766 ± 0.008
1.919ValTyr: 1.919 ± 0.012
0.001ValXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Trp
0.744TrpAla: 0.744 ± 0.007
0.258TrpCys: 0.258 ± 0.004
0.676TrpAsp: 0.676 ± 0.007
0.715TrpGlu: 0.715 ± 0.007
0.563TrpPhe: 0.563 ± 0.006
0.707TrpGly: 0.707 ± 0.007
0.29TrpHis: 0.29 ± 0.004
0.781TrpIle: 0.781 ± 0.008
0.973TrpLys: 0.973 ± 0.008
1.219TrpLeu: 1.219 ± 0.009
0.378TrpMet: 0.378 ± 0.005
0.728TrpAsn: 0.728 ± 0.008
0.47TrpPro: 0.47 ± 0.006
0.41TrpGln: 0.41 ± 0.005
0.795TrpArg: 0.795 ± 0.007
0.955TrpSer: 0.955 ± 0.008
0.658TrpThr: 0.658 ± 0.007
0.781TrpVal: 0.781 ± 0.007
0.238TrpTrp: 0.238 ± 0.005
0.363TrpTyr: 0.363 ± 0.005
0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr
1.756TyrAla: 1.756 ± 0.01
0.645TyrCys: 0.645 ± 0.006
1.583TyrAsp: 1.583 ± 0.011
1.595TyrGlu: 1.595 ± 0.011
1.365TyrPhe: 1.365 ± 0.01
2.142TyrGly: 2.142 ± 0.014
0.729TyrHis: 0.729 ± 0.008
1.54TyrIle: 1.54 ± 0.01
1.666TyrLys: 1.666 ± 0.017
2.814TyrLeu: 2.814 ± 0.013
0.78TyrMet: 0.78 ± 0.007
1.447TyrAsn: 1.447 ± 0.011
1.325TyrPro: 1.325 ± 0.012
0.934TyrGln: 0.934 ± 0.008
1.438TyrArg: 1.438 ± 0.01
2.335TyrSer: 2.335 ± 0.014
1.37TyrThr: 1.37 ± 0.01
1.815TyrVal: 1.815 ± 0.013
0.422TyrTrp: 0.422 ± 0.006
1.077TyrTyr: 1.077 ± 0.015
0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa
0.001XaaAla: 0.001 ± 0.0
0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaGlu: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.001XaaGly: 0.001 ± 0.0
0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaIle: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaLys: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaLeu: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaPro: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaGln: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaArg: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.001XaaSer: 0.001 ± 0.0
0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaVal: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaTyr: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.868XaaXaa: 0.868 ± 0.202
Statistics based on 53106 proteins (15884146 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file
See this proteome in: uniprot_link
Proteome-pI is available under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs license, for more details see here

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944 Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski