Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Clupea harengus (Atlantic herring)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	6.388AlaAla: 6.388 ± 0.033	1.246AlaCys: 1.246 ± 0.01	3.279AlaAsp: 3.279 ± 0.012	5.08AlaGlu: 5.08 ± 0.027	2.192AlaPhe: 2.192 ± 0.014	4.68AlaGly: 4.68 ± 0.029	1.536AlaHis: 1.536 ± 0.008	2.651AlaIle: 2.651 ± 0.012	3.751AlaLys: 3.751 ± 0.031	6.331AlaLeu: 6.331 ± 0.035	1.664AlaMet: 1.664 ± 0.009	2.202AlaAsn: 2.202 ± 0.01	4.242AlaPro: 4.242 ± 0.026	3.155AlaGln: 3.155 ± 0.021	3.305AlaArg: 3.305 ± 0.013	5.819AlaSer: 5.819 ± 0.021	3.886AlaThr: 3.886 ± 0.019	4.886AlaVal: 4.886 ± 0.019	0.68AlaTrp: 0.68 ± 0.007	1.475AlaTyr: 1.475 ± 0.009	0.001AlaXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Cys	1.149CysAla: 1.149 ± 0.009	0.536CysCys: 0.536 ± 0.007	1.055CysAsp: 1.055 ± 0.011	1.296CysGlu: 1.296 ± 0.012	0.741CysPhe: 0.741 ± 0.007	1.451CysGly: 1.451 ± 0.016	0.599CysHis: 0.599 ± 0.006	0.86CysIle: 0.86 ± 0.007	1.088CysLys: 1.088 ± 0.009	1.877CysLeu: 1.877 ± 0.013	0.431CysMet: 0.431 ± 0.005	0.759CysAsn: 0.759 ± 0.007	1.191CysPro: 1.191 ± 0.014	0.984CysGln: 0.984 ± 0.008	1.157CysArg: 1.157 ± 0.008	1.923CysSer: 1.923 ± 0.016	1.141CysThr: 1.141 ± 0.009	1.44CysVal: 1.44 ± 0.013	0.259CysTrp: 0.259 ± 0.003	0.532CysTyr: 0.532 ± 0.005	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	3.211AspAla: 3.211 ± 0.014	1.087AspCys: 1.087 ± 0.009	3.323AspAsp: 3.323 ± 0.026	3.919AspGlu: 3.919 ± 0.02	1.93AspPhe: 1.93 ± 0.011	4.004AspGly: 4.004 ± 0.028	1.178AspHis: 1.178 ± 0.009	2.648AspIle: 2.648 ± 0.014	2.729AspLys: 2.729 ± 0.014	4.939AspLeu: 4.939 ± 0.021	1.361AspMet: 1.361 ± 0.011	1.841AspAsn: 1.841 ± 0.011	2.988AspPro: 2.988 ± 0.013	2.024AspGln: 2.024 ± 0.011	2.728AspArg: 2.728 ± 0.012	4.568AspSer: 4.568 ± 0.019	2.892AspThr: 2.892 ± 0.014	3.383AspVal: 3.383 ± 0.016	0.64AspTrp: 0.64 ± 0.006	1.513AspTyr: 1.513 ± 0.01	0.001AspXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Glu	5.175GluAla: 5.175 ± 0.026	1.237GluCys: 1.237 ± 0.01	4.674GluAsp: 4.674 ± 0.022	8.468GluGlu: 8.468 ± 0.054	1.924GluPhe: 1.924 ± 0.012	4.674GluGly: 4.674 ± 0.02	1.5GluHis: 1.5 ± 0.009	2.949GluIle: 2.949 ± 0.028	5.012GluLys: 5.012 ± 0.036	6.088GluLeu: 6.088 ± 0.027	1.835GluMet: 1.835 ± 0.009	2.707GluAsn: 2.707 ± 0.02	3.446GluPro: 3.446 ± 0.033	3.174GluGln: 3.174 ± 0.021	4.675GluArg: 4.675 ± 0.025	4.547GluSer: 4.547 ± 0.018	3.617GluThr: 3.617 ± 0.019	4.63GluVal: 4.63 ± 0.019	0.685GluTrp: 0.685 ± 0.006	1.714GluTyr: 1.714 ± 0.023	0.001GluXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Phe	1.779PheAla: 1.779 ± 0.01	0.777PheCys: 0.777 ± 0.008	1.654PheAsp: 1.654 ± 0.009	1.846PheGlu: 1.846 ± 0.01	1.331PhePhe: 1.331 ± 0.01	2.017PheGly: 2.017 ± 0.012	0.889PheHis: 0.889 ± 0.007	1.653PheIle: 1.653 ± 0.01	1.745PheLys: 1.745 ± 0.012	3.259PheLeu: 3.259 ± 0.023	0.756PheMet: 0.756 ± 0.006	1.301PheAsn: 1.301 ± 0.011	1.659PhePro: 1.659 ± 0.012	1.538PheGln: 1.538 ± 0.011	1.952PheArg: 1.952 ± 0.022	2.986PheSer: 2.986 ± 0.014	2.099PheThr: 2.099 ± 0.011	1.994PheVal: 1.994 ± 0.012	0.395PheTrp: 0.395 ± 0.004	1.021PheTyr: 1.021 ± 0.008	0.001PheXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Gly	4.386GlyAla: 4.386 ± 0.032	1.182GlyCys: 1.182 ± 0.01	3.378GlyAsp: 3.378 ± 0.014	4.451GlyGlu: 4.451 ± 0.021	2.179GlyPhe: 2.179 ± 0.016	6.302GlyGly: 6.302 ± 0.049	1.719GlyHis: 1.719 ± 0.012	2.42GlyIle: 2.42 ± 0.012	3.732GlyLys: 3.732 ± 0.023	5.372GlyLeu: 5.372 ± 0.018	1.557GlyMet: 1.557 ± 0.01	2.405GlyAsn: 2.405 ± 0.011	3.668GlyPro: 3.668 ± 0.032	2.926GlyGln: 2.926 ± 0.012	3.807GlyArg: 3.807 ± 0.016	6.095GlySer: 6.095 ± 0.02	3.637GlyThr: 3.637 ± 0.015	4.038GlyVal: 4.038 ± 0.018	0.727GlyTrp: 0.727 ± 0.008	1.896GlyTyr: 1.896 ± 0.013	0.001GlyXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
His	1.439HisAla: 1.439 ± 0.009	0.697HisCys: 0.697 ± 0.009	0.992HisAsp: 0.992 ± 0.007	1.269HisGlu: 1.269 ± 0.009	0.96HisPhe: 0.96 ± 0.006	1.578HisGly: 1.578 ± 0.011	1.052HisHis: 1.052 ± 0.012	1.226HisIle: 1.226 ± 0.007	1.247HisLys: 1.247 ± 0.008	2.554HisLeu: 2.554 ± 0.017	0.663HisMet: 0.663 ± 0.006	0.962HisAsn: 0.962 ± 0.008	1.604HisPro: 1.604 ± 0.012	1.34HisGln: 1.34 ± 0.014	1.582HisArg: 1.582 ± 0.011	2.409HisSer: 2.409 ± 0.016	1.8HisThr: 1.8 ± 0.015	1.466HisVal: 1.466 ± 0.007	0.303HisTrp: 0.303 ± 0.004	0.799HisTyr: 0.799 ± 0.006	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	2.488IleAla: 2.488 ± 0.013	0.899IleCys: 0.899 ± 0.007	2.049IleAsp: 2.049 ± 0.012	2.507IleGlu: 2.507 ± 0.024	1.568IlePhe: 1.568 ± 0.009	2.173IleGly: 2.173 ± 0.012	1.15IleHis: 1.15 ± 0.01	2.243IleIle: 2.243 ± 0.017	2.488IleLys: 2.488 ± 0.021	3.861IleLeu: 3.861 ± 0.016	1.011IleMet: 1.011 ± 0.007	1.776IleAsn: 1.776 ± 0.01	2.39IlePro: 2.39 ± 0.014	2.103IleGln: 2.103 ± 0.012	2.32IleArg: 2.32 ± 0.01	3.642IleSer: 3.642 ± 0.017	2.905IleThr: 2.905 ± 0.033	2.509IleVal: 2.509 ± 0.022	0.406IleTrp: 0.406 ± 0.004	1.197IleTyr: 1.197 ± 0.007	0.001IleXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Lys	4.161LysAla: 4.161 ± 0.032	0.985LysCys: 0.985 ± 0.007	3.49LysAsp: 3.49 ± 0.027	5.074LysGlu: 5.074 ± 0.04	1.512LysPhe: 1.512 ± 0.01	3.343LysGly: 3.343 ± 0.021	1.376LysHis: 1.376 ± 0.008	2.354LysIle: 2.354 ± 0.018	4.418LysLys: 4.418 ± 0.028	4.697LysLeu: 4.697 ± 0.019	1.466LysMet: 1.466 ± 0.012	2.144LysAsn: 2.144 ± 0.013	3.377LysPro: 3.377 ± 0.033	2.474LysGln: 2.474 ± 0.014	3.475LysArg: 3.475 ± 0.016	3.893LysSer: 3.893 ± 0.016	3.135LysThr: 3.135 ± 0.014	3.563LysVal: 3.563 ± 0.023	0.623LysTrp: 0.623 ± 0.011	1.468LysTyr: 1.468 ± 0.016	0.001LysXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Leu	5.912LeuAla: 5.912 ± 0.028	1.933LeuCys: 1.933 ± 0.015	4.738LeuAsp: 4.738 ± 0.017	6.507LeuGlu: 6.507 ± 0.03	2.936LeuPhe: 2.936 ± 0.02	4.934LeuGly: 4.934 ± 0.022	2.578LeuHis: 2.578 ± 0.014	3.358LeuIle: 3.358 ± 0.015	5.51LeuLys: 5.51 ± 0.021	9.063LeuLeu: 9.063 ± 0.055	2.003LeuMet: 2.003 ± 0.011	3.342LeuAsn: 3.342 ± 0.016	5.24LeuPro: 5.24 ± 0.02	5.356LeuGln: 5.356 ± 0.034	5.599LeuArg: 5.599 ± 0.019	7.911LeuSer: 7.911 ± 0.029	5.043LeuThr: 5.043 ± 0.019	5.109LeuVal: 5.109 ± 0.018	0.938LeuTrp: 0.938 ± 0.008	2.312LeuTyr: 2.312 ± 0.015	0.001LeuXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Met	2.001MetAla: 2.001 ± 0.011	0.461MetCys: 0.461 ± 0.006	1.462MetAsp: 1.462 ± 0.009	2.043MetGlu: 2.043 ± 0.013	0.784MetPhe: 0.784 ± 0.007	1.526MetGly: 1.526 ± 0.01	0.506MetHis: 0.506 ± 0.005	0.812MetIle: 0.812 ± 0.006	1.484MetLys: 1.484 ± 0.008	1.978MetLeu: 1.978 ± 0.012	0.711MetMet: 0.711 ± 0.008	0.885MetAsn: 0.885 ± 0.007	1.288MetPro: 1.288 ± 0.013	1.068MetGln: 1.068 ± 0.007	1.254MetArg: 1.254 ± 0.007	1.912MetSer: 1.912 ± 0.011	1.299MetThr: 1.299 ± 0.007	1.563MetVal: 1.563 ± 0.009	0.249MetTrp: 0.249 ± 0.003	0.595MetTyr: 0.595 ± 0.005	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	2.219AsnAla: 2.219 ± 0.011	0.769AsnCys: 0.769 ± 0.007	1.706AsnAsp: 1.706 ± 0.012	2.028AsnGlu: 2.028 ± 0.012	1.229AsnPhe: 1.229 ± 0.007	2.785AsnGly: 2.785 ± 0.017	0.93AsnHis: 0.93 ± 0.009	1.917AsnIle: 1.917 ± 0.01	2.05AsnLys: 2.05 ± 0.013	3.349AsnLeu: 3.349 ± 0.016	1.013AsnMet: 1.013 ± 0.008	1.594AsnAsn: 1.594 ± 0.012	2.115AsnPro: 2.115 ± 0.011	1.632AsnGln: 1.632 ± 0.012	1.868AsnArg: 1.868 ± 0.009	3.056AsnSer: 3.056 ± 0.014	2.197AsnThr: 2.197 ± 0.01	2.245AsnVal: 2.245 ± 0.015	0.401AsnTrp: 0.401 ± 0.005	1.075AsnTyr: 1.075 ± 0.009	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	4.658ProAla: 4.658 ± 0.026	0.994ProCys: 0.994 ± 0.011	3.021ProAsp: 3.021 ± 0.013	4.284ProGlu: 4.284 ± 0.028	1.679ProPhe: 1.679 ± 0.01	4.479ProGly: 4.479 ± 0.041	1.573ProHis: 1.573 ± 0.012	2.042ProIle: 2.042 ± 0.019	2.862ProLys: 2.862 ± 0.022	4.934ProLeu: 4.934 ± 0.018	1.201ProMet: 1.201 ± 0.008	1.894ProAsn: 1.894 ± 0.011	6.352ProPro: 6.352 ± 0.042	2.871ProGln: 2.871 ± 0.017	2.937ProArg: 2.937 ± 0.016	5.998ProSer: 5.998 ± 0.029	3.506ProThr: 3.506 ± 0.022	4.195ProVal: 4.195 ± 0.028	0.506ProTrp: 0.506 ± 0.005	1.419ProTyr: 1.419 ± 0.011	0.002ProXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Gln	3.387GlnAla: 3.387 ± 0.021	0.98GlnCys: 0.98 ± 0.013	2.346GlnAsp: 2.346 ± 0.013	3.717GlnGlu: 3.717 ± 0.023	1.298GlnPhe: 1.298 ± 0.008	2.859GlnGly: 2.859 ± 0.016	1.425GlnHis: 1.425 ± 0.012	1.833GlnIle: 1.833 ± 0.009	2.53GlnLys: 2.53 ± 0.014	4.371GlnLeu: 4.371 ± 0.03	1.171GlnMet: 1.171 ± 0.009	1.699GlnAsn: 1.699 ± 0.011	2.738GlnPro: 2.738 ± 0.017	3.876GlnGln: 3.876 ± 0.05	3.241GlnArg: 3.241 ± 0.023	3.57GlnSer: 3.57 ± 0.018	2.63GlnThr: 2.63 ± 0.012	2.719GlnVal: 2.719 ± 0.012	0.537GlnTrp: 0.537 ± 0.004	1.221GlnTyr: 1.221 ± 0.008	0.0GlnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Arg	3.575ArgAla: 3.575 ± 0.012	1.168ArgCys: 1.168 ± 0.011	3.066ArgAsp: 3.066 ± 0.013	4.206ArgGlu: 4.206 ± 0.019	1.87ArgPhe: 1.87 ± 0.01	3.544ArgGly: 3.544 ± 0.018	1.586ArgHis: 1.586 ± 0.011	2.342ArgIle: 2.342 ± 0.012	3.532ArgLys: 3.532 ± 0.015	5.174ArgLeu: 5.174 ± 0.022	1.328ArgMet: 1.328 ± 0.008	2.034ArgAsn: 2.034 ± 0.009	3.274ArgPro: 3.274 ± 0.017	2.697ArgGln: 2.697 ± 0.018	4.398ArgArg: 4.398 ± 0.025	4.544ArgSer: 4.544 ± 0.027	2.906ArgThr: 2.906 ± 0.011	3.575ArgVal: 3.575 ± 0.032	0.666ArgTrp: 0.666 ± 0.007	1.494ArgTyr: 1.494 ± 0.009	0.001ArgXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Ser	5.974SerAla: 5.974 ± 0.019	1.773SerCys: 1.773 ± 0.013	4.454SerAsp: 4.454 ± 0.02	5.252SerGlu: 5.252 ± 0.023	2.785SerPhe: 2.785 ± 0.013	5.904SerGly: 5.904 ± 0.023	2.172SerHis: 2.172 ± 0.014	3.185SerIle: 3.185 ± 0.013	4.024SerLys: 4.024 ± 0.015	7.815SerLeu: 7.815 ± 0.035	1.965SerMet: 1.965 ± 0.011	2.796SerAsn: 2.796 ± 0.013	6.394SerPro: 6.394 ± 0.033	3.919SerGln: 3.919 ± 0.026	4.493SerArg: 4.493 ± 0.019	10.361SerSer: 10.361 ± 0.056	4.98SerThr: 4.98 ± 0.021	5.45SerVal: 5.45 ± 0.018	0.968SerTrp: 0.968 ± 0.008	2.028SerTyr: 2.028 ± 0.01	0.001SerXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Thr	4.2ThrAla: 4.2 ± 0.022	1.324ThrCys: 1.324 ± 0.013	3.004ThrAsp: 3.004 ± 0.012	3.963ThrGlu: 3.963 ± 0.017	1.968ThrPhe: 1.968 ± 0.011	3.884ThrGly: 3.884 ± 0.016	1.592ThrHis: 1.592 ± 0.012	2.455ThrIle: 2.455 ± 0.018	2.786ThrLys: 2.786 ± 0.021	5.446ThrLeu: 5.446 ± 0.017	1.257ThrMet: 1.257 ± 0.007	1.884ThrAsn: 1.884 ± 0.01	4.174ThrPro: 4.174 ± 0.019	2.493ThrGln: 2.493 ± 0.015	2.548ThrArg: 2.548 ± 0.011	4.996ThrSer: 4.996 ± 0.021	3.801ThrThr: 3.801 ± 0.059	4.221ThrVal: 4.221 ± 0.033	0.697ThrTrp: 0.697 ± 0.013	1.391ThrTyr: 1.391 ± 0.008	0.001ThrXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Val	4.296ValAla: 4.296 ± 0.018	1.585ValCys: 1.585 ± 0.011	3.276ValAsp: 3.276 ± 0.012	4.467ValGlu: 4.467 ± 0.032	2.323ValPhe: 2.323 ± 0.013	3.483ValGly: 3.483 ± 0.014	1.518ValHis: 1.518 ± 0.008	2.879ValIle: 2.879 ± 0.023	3.938ValLys: 3.938 ± 0.04	5.826ValLeu: 5.826 ± 0.019	1.505ValMet: 1.505 ± 0.008	2.414ValAsn: 2.414 ± 0.015	3.573ValPro: 3.573 ± 0.018	2.797ValGln: 2.797 ± 0.012	3.319ValArg: 3.319 ± 0.013	5.388ValSer: 5.388 ± 0.024	4.229ValThr: 4.229 ± 0.044	4.383ValVal: 4.383 ± 0.023	0.712ValTrp: 0.712 ± 0.006	1.671ValTyr: 1.671 ± 0.009	0.001ValXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Trp	0.642TrpAla: 0.642 ± 0.005	0.217TrpCys: 0.217 ± 0.003	0.604TrpAsp: 0.604 ± 0.006	0.762TrpGlu: 0.762 ± 0.007	0.422TrpPhe: 0.422 ± 0.006	0.594TrpGly: 0.594 ± 0.007	0.267TrpHis: 0.267 ± 0.003	0.492TrpIle: 0.492 ± 0.005	0.669TrpLys: 0.669 ± 0.007	1.055TrpLeu: 1.055 ± 0.007	0.345TrpMet: 0.345 ± 0.005	0.475TrpAsn: 0.475 ± 0.004	0.431TrpPro: 0.431 ± 0.006	0.488TrpGln: 0.488 ± 0.004	0.692TrpArg: 0.692 ± 0.006	0.872TrpSer: 0.872 ± 0.007	0.711TrpThr: 0.711 ± 0.011	0.673TrpVal: 0.673 ± 0.006	0.16TrpTrp: 0.16 ± 0.003	0.346TrpTyr: 0.346 ± 0.006	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.411TyrAla: 1.411 ± 0.008	0.62TyrCys: 0.62 ± 0.006	1.334TyrAsp: 1.334 ± 0.009	1.594TyrGlu: 1.594 ± 0.01	1.023TyrPhe: 1.023 ± 0.008	1.664TyrGly: 1.664 ± 0.012	0.795TyrHis: 0.795 ± 0.006	1.365TyrIle: 1.365 ± 0.015	1.431TyrLys: 1.431 ± 0.013	2.332TyrLeu: 2.332 ± 0.012	0.637TyrMet: 0.637 ± 0.004	1.065TyrAsn: 1.065 ± 0.008	1.262TyrPro: 1.262 ± 0.01	1.233TyrGln: 1.233 ± 0.008	1.627TyrArg: 1.627 ± 0.01	2.201TyrSer: 2.201 ± 0.011	1.672TyrThr: 1.672 ± 0.015	1.537TyrVal: 1.537 ± 0.009	0.367TyrTrp: 0.367 ± 0.005	0.885TyrTyr: 0.885 ± 0.006	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.001XaaAla: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaCys: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaAsp: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaGlu: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaGly: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaHis: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaIle: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaLys: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaLeu: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.002XaaPro: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.001XaaGln: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaArg: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaSer: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaThr: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaVal: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaTyr: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0

Statistics based on 37273 proteins (27779145 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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