Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Porphyra umbilicalis (Purple laver) (Red alga)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	51.518AlaAla: 51.518 ± 0.406	1.962AlaCys: 1.962 ± 0.027	8.08AlaAsp: 8.08 ± 0.05	5.423AlaGlu: 5.423 ± 0.052	2.782AlaPhe: 2.782 ± 0.029	16.359AlaGly: 16.359 ± 0.09	2.624AlaHis: 2.624 ± 0.025	2.51AlaIle: 2.51 ± 0.026	2.872AlaLys: 2.872 ± 0.035	10.621AlaLeu: 10.621 ± 0.076	2.076AlaMet: 2.076 ± 0.024	2.007AlaAsn: 2.007 ± 0.024	14.103AlaPro: 14.103 ± 0.115	2.39AlaGln: 2.39 ± 0.025	12.489AlaArg: 12.489 ± 0.088	10.936AlaSer: 10.936 ± 0.076	9.864AlaThr: 9.864 ± 0.055	13.152AlaVal: 13.152 ± 0.064	1.584AlaTrp: 1.584 ± 0.019	1.798AlaTyr: 1.798 ± 0.022	0.001AlaXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Cys	1.942CysAla: 1.942 ± 0.023	0.414CysCys: 0.414 ± 0.011	0.571CysAsp: 0.571 ± 0.011	0.423CysGlu: 0.423 ± 0.01	0.391CysPhe: 0.391 ± 0.008	1.939CysGly: 1.939 ± 0.025	0.395CysHis: 0.395 ± 0.009	0.333CysIle: 0.333 ± 0.008	0.335CysLys: 0.335 ± 0.01	1.049CysLeu: 1.049 ± 0.017	0.228CysMet: 0.228 ± 0.007	0.265CysAsn: 0.265 ± 0.007	1.116CysPro: 1.116 ± 0.016	0.315CysGln: 0.315 ± 0.008	1.924CysArg: 1.924 ± 0.023	1.071CysSer: 1.071 ± 0.016	0.871CysThr: 0.871 ± 0.016	1.133CysVal: 1.133 ± 0.018	0.245CysTrp: 0.245 ± 0.007	0.231CysTyr: 0.231 ± 0.009	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	8.73AspAla: 8.73 ± 0.052	0.526AspCys: 0.526 ± 0.011	3.418AspAsp: 3.418 ± 0.044	2.638AspGlu: 2.638 ± 0.03	1.001AspPhe: 1.001 ± 0.014	7.58AspGly: 7.58 ± 0.055	0.736AspHis: 0.736 ± 0.013	0.954AspIle: 0.954 ± 0.014	1.157AspLys: 1.157 ± 0.021	2.728AspLeu: 2.728 ± 0.027	0.689AspMet: 0.689 ± 0.012	0.844AspAsn: 0.844 ± 0.015	2.178AspPro: 2.178 ± 0.023	0.71AspGln: 0.71 ± 0.013	2.986AspArg: 2.986 ± 0.036	2.136AspSer: 2.136 ± 0.027	2.019AspThr: 2.019 ± 0.023	4.081AspVal: 4.081 ± 0.032	0.545AspTrp: 0.545 ± 0.01	0.664AspTyr: 0.664 ± 0.012	0.0AspXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Glu	5.782GluAla: 5.782 ± 0.059	0.464GluCys: 0.464 ± 0.01	1.936GluAsp: 1.936 ± 0.027	2.708GluGlu: 2.708 ± 0.034	0.732GluPhe: 0.732 ± 0.013	3.164GluGly: 3.164 ± 0.028	0.738GluHis: 0.738 ± 0.014	0.739GluIle: 0.739 ± 0.015	1.02GluLys: 1.02 ± 0.018	3.051GluLeu: 3.051 ± 0.032	0.755GluMet: 0.755 ± 0.012	0.635GluAsn: 0.635 ± 0.012	1.897GluPro: 1.897 ± 0.024	1.077GluGln: 1.077 ± 0.019	3.398GluArg: 3.398 ± 0.035	1.786GluSer: 1.786 ± 0.022	1.612GluThr: 1.612 ± 0.022	2.775GluVal: 2.775 ± 0.026	0.538GluTrp: 0.538 ± 0.013	0.608GluTyr: 0.608 ± 0.012	0.0GluXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Phe	2.266PheAla: 2.266 ± 0.022	0.402PheCys: 0.402 ± 0.01	1.121PheAsp: 1.121 ± 0.015	0.874PheGlu: 0.874 ± 0.012	0.981PhePhe: 0.981 ± 0.017	1.997PheGly: 1.997 ± 0.023	0.494PheHis: 0.494 ± 0.01	0.587PheIle: 0.587 ± 0.012	0.551PheLys: 0.551 ± 0.011	1.892PheLeu: 1.892 ± 0.026	0.359PheMet: 0.359 ± 0.008	0.524PheAsn: 0.524 ± 0.012	1.319PhePro: 1.319 ± 0.018	0.481PheGln: 0.481 ± 0.01	1.339PheArg: 1.339 ± 0.017	1.504PheSer: 1.504 ± 0.019	1.053PheThr: 1.053 ± 0.013	1.761PheVal: 1.761 ± 0.021	0.307PheTrp: 0.307 ± 0.008	0.476PheTyr: 0.476 ± 0.01	0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly	17.236GlyAla: 17.236 ± 0.098	1.677GlyCys: 1.677 ± 0.02	5.782GlyAsp: 5.782 ± 0.045	3.762GlyGlu: 3.762 ± 0.033	1.534GlyPhe: 1.534 ± 0.021	32.632GlyGly: 32.632 ± 0.34	2.102GlyHis: 2.102 ± 0.022	1.582GlyIle: 1.582 ± 0.021	2.015GlyLys: 2.015 ± 0.024	5.418GlyLeu: 5.418 ± 0.039	1.443GlyMet: 1.443 ± 0.02	1.608GlyAsn: 1.608 ± 0.019	4.816GlyPro: 4.816 ± 0.039	1.738GlyGln: 1.738 ± 0.02	11.62GlyArg: 11.62 ± 0.085	6.818GlySer: 6.818 ± 0.049	4.742GlyThr: 4.742 ± 0.032	7.998GlyVal: 7.998 ± 0.043	1.667GlyTrp: 1.667 ± 0.02	1.157GlyTyr: 1.157 ± 0.019	0.003GlyXaa: 0.003 ± 0.001
His	2.777HisAla: 2.777 ± 0.028	0.386HisCys: 0.386 ± 0.008	0.871HisAsp: 0.871 ± 0.015	0.689HisGlu: 0.689 ± 0.011	0.517HisPhe: 0.517 ± 0.011	2.209HisGly: 2.209 ± 0.03	0.685HisHis: 0.685 ± 0.013	0.446HisIle: 0.446 ± 0.008	0.468HisLys: 0.468 ± 0.011	1.655HisLeu: 1.655 ± 0.02	0.303HisMet: 0.303 ± 0.007	0.382HisAsn: 0.382 ± 0.009	2.179HisPro: 2.179 ± 0.026	0.522HisGln: 0.522 ± 0.012	2.294HisArg: 2.294 ± 0.031	1.076HisSer: 1.076 ± 0.014	1.059HisThr: 1.059 ± 0.014	1.654HisVal: 1.654 ± 0.021	0.308HisTrp: 0.308 ± 0.008	0.307HisTyr: 0.307 ± 0.009	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	2.251IleAla: 2.251 ± 0.024	0.293IleCys: 0.293 ± 0.008	1.241IleAsp: 1.241 ± 0.019	0.85IleGlu: 0.85 ± 0.016	0.581IlePhe: 0.581 ± 0.012	1.641IleGly: 1.641 ± 0.024	0.458IleHis: 0.458 ± 0.009	0.662IleIle: 0.662 ± 0.015	0.705IleLys: 0.705 ± 0.014	1.494IleLeu: 1.494 ± 0.023	0.351IleMet: 0.351 ± 0.009	0.56IleAsn: 0.56 ± 0.012	1.162IlePro: 1.162 ± 0.016	0.478IleGln: 0.478 ± 0.011	1.267IleArg: 1.267 ± 0.015	1.144IleSer: 1.144 ± 0.018	1.011IleThr: 1.011 ± 0.015	1.64IleVal: 1.64 ± 0.021	0.176IleTrp: 0.176 ± 0.006	0.355IleTyr: 0.355 ± 0.008	0.0IleXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Lys	2.904LysAla: 2.904 ± 0.04	0.317LysCys: 0.317 ± 0.01	1.039LysAsp: 1.039 ± 0.016	1.178LysGlu: 1.178 ± 0.022	0.472LysPhe: 0.472 ± 0.012	1.658LysGly: 1.658 ± 0.02	0.464LysHis: 0.464 ± 0.01	0.572LysIle: 0.572 ± 0.013	1.158LysLys: 1.158 ± 0.02	1.582LysLeu: 1.582 ± 0.024	0.461LysMet: 0.461 ± 0.011	0.563LysAsn: 0.563 ± 0.012	1.219LysPro: 1.219 ± 0.018	0.648LysGln: 0.648 ± 0.013	2.126LysArg: 2.126 ± 0.023	1.277LysSer: 1.277 ± 0.017	1.3LysThr: 1.3 ± 0.021	1.518LysVal: 1.518 ± 0.023	0.296LysTrp: 0.296 ± 0.008	0.433LysTyr: 0.433 ± 0.01	0.0LysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Leu	9.771LeuAla: 9.771 ± 0.054	1.245LeuCys: 1.245 ± 0.016	3.399LeuAsp: 3.399 ± 0.032	2.566LeuGlu: 2.566 ± 0.032	2.07LeuPhe: 2.07 ± 0.023	5.71LeuGly: 5.71 ± 0.042	1.829LeuHis: 1.829 ± 0.028	1.515LeuIle: 1.515 ± 0.021	1.55LeuLys: 1.55 ± 0.024	7.19LeuLeu: 7.19 ± 0.063	1.104LeuMet: 1.104 ± 0.018	1.226LeuAsn: 1.226 ± 0.019	6.97LeuPro: 6.97 ± 0.049	1.785LeuGln: 1.785 ± 0.023	6.248LeuArg: 6.248 ± 0.039	5.141LeuSer: 5.141 ± 0.043	4.036LeuThr: 4.036 ± 0.03	5.368LeuVal: 5.368 ± 0.05	0.941LeuTrp: 0.941 ± 0.015	1.304LeuTyr: 1.304 ± 0.019	0.001LeuXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Met	2.433MetAla: 2.433 ± 0.023	0.206MetCys: 0.206 ± 0.007	0.833MetAsp: 0.833 ± 0.012	0.745MetGlu: 0.745 ± 0.012	0.283MetPhe: 0.283 ± 0.008	1.262MetGly: 1.262 ± 0.019	0.31MetHis: 0.31 ± 0.009	0.303MetIle: 0.303 ± 0.008	0.37MetLys: 0.37 ± 0.009	1.101MetLeu: 1.101 ± 0.016	0.301MetMet: 0.301 ± 0.008	0.296MetAsn: 0.296 ± 0.008	1.052MetPro: 1.052 ± 0.017	0.454MetGln: 0.454 ± 0.012	1.182MetArg: 1.182 ± 0.015	0.972MetSer: 0.972 ± 0.014	0.91MetThr: 0.91 ± 0.012	1.082MetVal: 1.082 ± 0.016	0.188MetTrp: 0.188 ± 0.006	0.26MetTyr: 0.26 ± 0.008	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	2.05AsnAla: 2.05 ± 0.021	0.23AsnCys: 0.23 ± 0.007	0.907AsnAsp: 0.907 ± 0.016	0.696AsnGlu: 0.696 ± 0.013	0.429AsnPhe: 0.429 ± 0.01	1.92AsnGly: 1.92 ± 0.025	0.344AsnHis: 0.344 ± 0.009	0.494AsnIle: 0.494 ± 0.011	0.603AsnLys: 0.603 ± 0.014	1.156AsnLeu: 1.156 ± 0.017	0.288AsnMet: 0.288 ± 0.008	0.466AsnAsn: 0.466 ± 0.017	0.947AsnPro: 0.947 ± 0.016	0.375AsnGln: 0.375 ± 0.009	1.142AsnArg: 1.142 ± 0.016	0.928AsnSer: 0.928 ± 0.016	0.84AsnThr: 0.84 ± 0.014	1.364AsnVal: 1.364 ± 0.02	0.192AsnTrp: 0.192 ± 0.006	0.304AsnTyr: 0.304 ± 0.009	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	13.624ProAla: 13.624 ± 0.102	1.153ProCys: 1.153 ± 0.018	2.667ProAsp: 2.667 ± 0.026	1.751ProGlu: 1.751 ± 0.021	1.432ProPhe: 1.432 ± 0.016	5.309ProGly: 5.309 ± 0.036	1.948ProHis: 1.948 ± 0.026	1.157ProIle: 1.157 ± 0.016	1.145ProLys: 1.145 ± 0.017	6.336ProLeu: 6.336 ± 0.046	0.935ProMet: 0.935 ± 0.015	0.985ProAsn: 0.985 ± 0.014	22.992ProPro: 22.992 ± 0.269	1.555ProGln: 1.555 ± 0.022	8.863ProArg: 8.863 ± 0.09	7.167ProSer: 7.167 ± 0.056	5.747ProThr: 5.747 ± 0.053	5.132ProVal: 5.132 ± 0.042	0.978ProTrp: 0.978 ± 0.015	0.829ProTyr: 0.829 ± 0.012	0.002ProXaa: 0.002 ± 0.001
Gln	2.519GlnAla: 2.519 ± 0.029	0.349GlnCys: 0.349 ± 0.008	0.713GlnAsp: 0.713 ± 0.013	0.79GlnGlu: 0.79 ± 0.012	0.44GlnPhe: 0.44 ± 0.011	1.448GlnGly: 1.448 ± 0.018	0.543GlnHis: 0.543 ± 0.012	0.418GlnIle: 0.418 ± 0.01	0.537GlnLys: 0.537 ± 0.01	2.017GlnLeu: 2.017 ± 0.026	0.437GlnMet: 0.437 ± 0.009	0.335GlnAsn: 0.335 ± 0.009	1.755GlnPro: 1.755 ± 0.021	1.161GlnGln: 1.161 ± 0.051	2.607GlnArg: 2.607 ± 0.027	1.302GlnSer: 1.302 ± 0.019	1.127GlnThr: 1.127 ± 0.019	1.365GlnVal: 1.365 ± 0.015	0.375GlnTrp: 0.375 ± 0.008	0.342GlnTyr: 0.342 ± 0.009	0.0GlnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Arg	12.464ArgAla: 12.464 ± 0.091	1.882ArgCys: 1.882 ± 0.024	3.066ArgAsp: 3.066 ± 0.039	2.59ArgGlu: 2.59 ± 0.032	1.665ArgPhe: 1.665 ± 0.018	10.432ArgGly: 10.432 ± 0.088	2.762ArgHis: 2.762 ± 0.036	1.376ArgIle: 1.376 ± 0.017	1.785ArgLys: 1.785 ± 0.023	7.114ArgLeu: 7.114 ± 0.04	1.256ArgMet: 1.256 ± 0.013	1.207ArgAsn: 1.207 ± 0.016	9.101ArgPro: 9.101 ± 0.084	2.636ArgGln: 2.636 ± 0.029	19.779ArgArg: 19.779 ± 0.208	5.86ArgSer: 5.86 ± 0.052	4.019ArgThr: 4.019 ± 0.033	6.101ArgVal: 6.101 ± 0.041	1.62ArgTrp: 1.62 ± 0.022	1.056ArgTyr: 1.056 ± 0.013	0.001ArgXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Ser	10.469SerAla: 10.469 ± 0.075	1.061SerCys: 1.061 ± 0.018	2.805SerAsp: 2.805 ± 0.029	1.886SerGlu: 1.886 ± 0.023	1.501SerPhe: 1.501 ± 0.016	6.745SerGly: 6.745 ± 0.046	1.146SerHis: 1.146 ± 0.015	1.364SerIle: 1.364 ± 0.021	1.317SerLys: 1.317 ± 0.016	4.708SerLeu: 4.708 ± 0.035	1.084SerMet: 1.084 ± 0.017	1.014SerAsn: 1.014 ± 0.013	6.47SerPro: 6.47 ± 0.059	1.128SerGln: 1.128 ± 0.02	5.391SerArg: 5.391 ± 0.047	6.506SerSer: 6.506 ± 0.06	4.452SerThr: 4.452 ± 0.036	4.555SerVal: 4.555 ± 0.032	0.82SerTrp: 0.82 ± 0.013	0.81SerTyr: 0.81 ± 0.013	0.0SerXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Thr	9.889ThrAla: 9.889 ± 0.061	0.899ThrCys: 0.899 ± 0.018	2.329ThrAsp: 2.329 ± 0.02	1.656ThrGlu: 1.656 ± 0.021	1.158ThrPhe: 1.158 ± 0.015	4.682ThrGly: 4.682 ± 0.032	1.06ThrHis: 1.06 ± 0.016	1.16ThrIle: 1.16 ± 0.019	1.202ThrLys: 1.202 ± 0.017	4.055ThrLeu: 4.055 ± 0.03	0.84ThrMet: 0.84 ± 0.015	0.918ThrAsn: 0.918 ± 0.013	5.617ThrPro: 5.617 ± 0.048	0.979ThrGln: 0.979 ± 0.015	4.556ThrArg: 4.556 ± 0.032	3.733ThrSer: 3.733 ± 0.033	3.691ThrThr: 3.691 ± 0.031	4.032ThrVal: 4.032 ± 0.031	0.66ThrTrp: 0.66 ± 0.011	0.808ThrTyr: 0.808 ± 0.012	0.0ThrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Val	13.112ValAla: 13.112 ± 0.054	1.192ValCys: 1.192 ± 0.018	4.24ValAsp: 4.24 ± 0.037	3.081ValGlu: 3.081 ± 0.03	1.649ValPhe: 1.649 ± 0.022	8.035ValGly: 8.035 ± 0.054	1.553ValHis: 1.553 ± 0.02	1.546ValIle: 1.546 ± 0.02	1.692ValLys: 1.692 ± 0.024	5.619ValLeu: 5.619 ± 0.05	1.074ValMet: 1.074 ± 0.016	1.265ValAsn: 1.265 ± 0.017	5.147ValPro: 5.147 ± 0.033	1.465ValGln: 1.465 ± 0.021	5.639ValArg: 5.639 ± 0.037	4.215ValSer: 4.215 ± 0.036	3.981ValThr: 3.981 ± 0.031	6.448ValVal: 6.448 ± 0.04	1.027ValTrp: 1.027 ± 0.018	1.17ValTyr: 1.17 ± 0.017	0.0ValXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Trp	1.733TrpAla: 1.733 ± 0.022	0.273TrpCys: 0.273 ± 0.008	0.52TrpAsp: 0.52 ± 0.013	0.472TrpGlu: 0.472 ± 0.009	0.236TrpPhe: 0.236 ± 0.007	1.327TrpGly: 1.327 ± 0.018	0.28TrpHis: 0.28 ± 0.007	0.209TrpIle: 0.209 ± 0.006	0.27TrpLys: 0.27 ± 0.007	1.007TrpLeu: 1.007 ± 0.014	0.258TrpMet: 0.258 ± 0.007	0.198TrpAsn: 0.198 ± 0.006	0.936TrpPro: 0.936 ± 0.013	0.339TrpGln: 0.339 ± 0.008	1.878TrpArg: 1.878 ± 0.024	0.907TrpSer: 0.907 ± 0.014	0.736TrpThr: 0.736 ± 0.011	0.877TrpVal: 0.877 ± 0.015	0.313TrpTrp: 0.313 ± 0.008	0.204TrpTyr: 0.204 ± 0.006	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.68TyrAla: 1.68 ± 0.023	0.26TyrCys: 0.26 ± 0.007	0.78TyrAsp: 0.78 ± 0.012	0.638TyrGlu: 0.638 ± 0.012	0.433TyrPhe: 0.433 ± 0.01	1.298TyrGly: 1.298 ± 0.022	0.314TyrHis: 0.314 ± 0.006	0.394TyrIle: 0.394 ± 0.009	0.434TyrLys: 0.434 ± 0.011	1.174TyrLeu: 1.174 ± 0.017	0.301TyrMet: 0.301 ± 0.007	0.376TyrAsn: 0.376 ± 0.009	0.727TyrPro: 0.727 ± 0.013	0.343TyrGln: 0.343 ± 0.008	1.04TyrArg: 1.04 ± 0.015	0.755TyrSer: 0.755 ± 0.014	0.858TyrThr: 0.858 ± 0.013	1.113TyrVal: 1.113 ± 0.016	0.192TyrTrp: 0.192 ± 0.006	0.348TyrTyr: 0.348 ± 0.01	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.002XaaAla: 0.002 ± 0.001	0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGlu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.002XaaGly: 0.002 ± 0.001	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaIle: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLeu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.002XaaPro: 0.002 ± 0.001	0.0XaaGln: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaArg: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaSer: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaVal: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTyr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaXaa: 0.001 ± 0.001

Statistics based on 13469 proteins (5967975 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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