Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Panicum miliaceum (Proso millet) (Broomcorn millet)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	15.866AlaAla: 15.866 ± 0.067	1.723AlaCys: 1.723 ± 0.009	4.609AlaAsp: 4.609 ± 0.017	5.438AlaGlu: 5.438 ± 0.02	3.101AlaPhe: 3.101 ± 0.013	7.671AlaGly: 7.671 ± 0.029	1.866AlaHis: 1.866 ± 0.01	3.555AlaIle: 3.555 ± 0.014	3.829AlaLys: 3.829 ± 0.016	8.514AlaLeu: 8.514 ± 0.025	2.264AlaMet: 2.264 ± 0.012	2.566AlaAsn: 2.566 ± 0.01	5.738AlaPro: 5.738 ± 0.027	2.648AlaGln: 2.648 ± 0.012	6.163AlaArg: 6.163 ± 0.024	7.87AlaSer: 7.87 ± 0.024	4.827AlaThr: 4.827 ± 0.016	7.117AlaVal: 7.117 ± 0.026	1.093AlaTrp: 1.093 ± 0.007	2.022AlaTyr: 2.022 ± 0.011	0.0AlaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Cys	1.494CysAla: 1.494 ± 0.009	0.577CysCys: 0.577 ± 0.006	0.892CysAsp: 0.892 ± 0.006	0.803CysGlu: 0.803 ± 0.007	0.785CysPhe: 0.785 ± 0.006	1.549CysGly: 1.549 ± 0.01	0.485CysHis: 0.485 ± 0.005	0.843CysIle: 0.843 ± 0.007	0.924CysLys: 0.924 ± 0.007	1.778CysLeu: 1.778 ± 0.011	0.436CysMet: 0.436 ± 0.005	0.681CysAsn: 0.681 ± 0.005	1.07CysPro: 1.07 ± 0.008	0.558CysGln: 0.558 ± 0.005	1.374CysArg: 1.374 ± 0.008	1.817CysSer: 1.817 ± 0.011	0.897CysThr: 0.897 ± 0.007	1.12CysVal: 1.12 ± 0.008	0.258CysTrp: 0.258 ± 0.004	0.516CysTyr: 0.516 ± 0.005	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	5.213AspAla: 5.213 ± 0.019	0.893AspCys: 0.893 ± 0.008	4.071AspAsp: 4.071 ± 0.021	3.931AspGlu: 3.931 ± 0.016	1.956AspPhe: 1.956 ± 0.011	4.722AspGly: 4.722 ± 0.019	1.24AspHis: 1.24 ± 0.008	2.552AspIle: 2.552 ± 0.013	2.337AspLys: 2.337 ± 0.012	4.919AspLeu: 4.919 ± 0.015	1.371AspMet: 1.371 ± 0.009	1.686AspAsn: 1.686 ± 0.011	2.892AspPro: 2.892 ± 0.013	1.59AspGln: 1.59 ± 0.009	2.843AspArg: 2.843 ± 0.015	3.626AspSer: 3.626 ± 0.015	2.234AspThr: 2.234 ± 0.011	3.817AspVal: 3.817 ± 0.014	0.702AspTrp: 0.702 ± 0.006	1.385AspTyr: 1.385 ± 0.009	0.0AspXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Glu	5.788GluAla: 5.788 ± 0.021	0.87GluCys: 0.87 ± 0.007	3.758GluAsp: 3.758 ± 0.017	5.707GluGlu: 5.707 ± 0.026	1.983GluPhe: 1.983 ± 0.01	3.784GluGly: 3.784 ± 0.016	1.4GluHis: 1.4 ± 0.009	2.814GluIle: 2.814 ± 0.013	3.636GluLys: 3.636 ± 0.018	5.817GluLeu: 5.817 ± 0.022	1.645GluMet: 1.645 ± 0.009	2.116GluAsn: 2.116 ± 0.012	2.518GluPro: 2.518 ± 0.012	2.229GluGln: 2.229 ± 0.012	3.711GluArg: 3.711 ± 0.015	3.681GluSer: 3.681 ± 0.014	2.499GluThr: 2.499 ± 0.013	4.071GluVal: 4.071 ± 0.015	0.739GluTrp: 0.739 ± 0.006	1.454GluTyr: 1.454 ± 0.009	0.0GluXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Phe	2.905PheAla: 2.905 ± 0.013	0.77PheCys: 0.77 ± 0.006	2.133PheAsp: 2.133 ± 0.011	1.854PheGlu: 1.854 ± 0.009	1.622PhePhe: 1.622 ± 0.01	2.809PheGly: 2.809 ± 0.014	0.985PheHis: 0.985 ± 0.006	1.503PheIle: 1.503 ± 0.01	1.473PheLys: 1.473 ± 0.009	3.754PheLeu: 3.754 ± 0.017	0.839PheMet: 0.839 ± 0.006	1.223PheAsn: 1.223 ± 0.008	1.869PhePro: 1.869 ± 0.012	1.226PheGln: 1.226 ± 0.007	2.128PheArg: 2.128 ± 0.011	3.116PheSer: 3.116 ± 0.013	1.7PheThr: 1.7 ± 0.009	2.584PheVal: 2.584 ± 0.01	0.502PheTrp: 0.502 ± 0.005	1.043PheTyr: 1.043 ± 0.007	0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly	7.134GlyAla: 7.134 ± 0.029	1.497GlyCys: 1.497 ± 0.009	4.123GlyAsp: 4.123 ± 0.015	4.062GlyGlu: 4.062 ± 0.015	2.868GlyPhe: 2.868 ± 0.013	8.329GlyGly: 8.329 ± 0.04	1.826GlyHis: 1.826 ± 0.01	2.996GlyIle: 2.996 ± 0.013	3.576GlyLys: 3.576 ± 0.013	6.091GlyLeu: 6.091 ± 0.02	1.642GlyMet: 1.642 ± 0.01	2.644GlyAsn: 2.644 ± 0.013	3.129GlyPro: 3.129 ± 0.013	2.187GlyGln: 2.187 ± 0.009	5.234GlyArg: 5.234 ± 0.018	6.258GlySer: 6.258 ± 0.019	3.574GlyThr: 3.574 ± 0.013	4.802GlyVal: 4.802 ± 0.019	1.038GlyTrp: 1.038 ± 0.008	2.042GlyTyr: 2.042 ± 0.013	0.0GlyXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
His	2.048HisAla: 2.048 ± 0.01	0.529HisCys: 0.529 ± 0.005	1.255HisAsp: 1.255 ± 0.009	1.237HisGlu: 1.237 ± 0.008	0.892HisPhe: 0.892 ± 0.007	2.168HisGly: 2.168 ± 0.011	1.022HisHis: 1.022 ± 0.009	0.998HisIle: 0.998 ± 0.008	0.956HisLys: 0.956 ± 0.008	2.437HisLeu: 2.437 ± 0.011	0.548HisMet: 0.548 ± 0.005	0.746HisAsn: 0.746 ± 0.006	1.573HisPro: 1.573 ± 0.008	0.948HisGln: 0.948 ± 0.006	1.752HisArg: 1.752 ± 0.009	1.663HisSer: 1.663 ± 0.011	0.946HisThr: 0.946 ± 0.007	1.611HisVal: 1.611 ± 0.009	0.31HisTrp: 0.31 ± 0.004	0.642HisTyr: 0.642 ± 0.005	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	3.448IleAla: 3.448 ± 0.014	0.878IleCys: 0.878 ± 0.007	2.389IleAsp: 2.389 ± 0.011	2.389IleGlu: 2.389 ± 0.012	1.626IlePhe: 1.626 ± 0.01	2.868IleGly: 2.868 ± 0.012	1.036IleHis: 1.036 ± 0.006	2.013IleIle: 2.013 ± 0.011	2.1IleLys: 2.1 ± 0.01	4.03IleLeu: 4.03 ± 0.017	0.941IleMet: 0.941 ± 0.006	1.53IleAsn: 1.53 ± 0.009	2.345IlePro: 2.345 ± 0.013	1.502IleGln: 1.502 ± 0.009	2.393IleArg: 2.393 ± 0.012	3.516IleSer: 3.516 ± 0.014	2.099IleThr: 2.099 ± 0.011	2.862IleVal: 2.862 ± 0.01	0.546IleTrp: 0.546 ± 0.006	1.144IleTyr: 1.144 ± 0.007	0.0IleXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Lys	3.92LysAla: 3.92 ± 0.016	0.771LysCys: 0.771 ± 0.006	2.685LysAsp: 2.685 ± 0.013	3.586LysGlu: 3.586 ± 0.02	1.535LysPhe: 1.535 ± 0.009	3.042LysGly: 3.042 ± 0.013	1.131LysHis: 1.131 ± 0.008	2.301LysIle: 2.301 ± 0.011	3.554LysLys: 3.554 ± 0.023	4.682LysLeu: 4.682 ± 0.019	1.214LysMet: 1.214 ± 0.008	1.846LysAsn: 1.846 ± 0.01	2.355LysPro: 2.355 ± 0.012	1.853LysGln: 1.853 ± 0.009	3.147LysArg: 3.147 ± 0.015	3.279LysSer: 3.279 ± 0.016	2.117LysThr: 2.117 ± 0.012	3.186LysVal: 3.186 ± 0.013	0.6LysTrp: 0.6 ± 0.005	1.259LysTyr: 1.259 ± 0.008	0.0LysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Leu	8.662LeuAla: 8.662 ± 0.026	1.822LeuCys: 1.822 ± 0.011	5.006LeuAsp: 5.006 ± 0.015	5.614LeuGlu: 5.614 ± 0.021	3.315LeuPhe: 3.315 ± 0.014	6.071LeuGly: 6.071 ± 0.02	2.626LeuHis: 2.626 ± 0.012	3.461LeuIle: 3.461 ± 0.015	4.579LeuLys: 4.579 ± 0.018	10.454LeuLeu: 10.454 ± 0.037	2.005LeuMet: 2.005 ± 0.011	2.914LeuAsn: 2.914 ± 0.013	5.967LeuPro: 5.967 ± 0.021	3.944LeuGln: 3.944 ± 0.019	6.584LeuArg: 6.584 ± 0.02	7.482LeuSer: 7.482 ± 0.025	4.109LeuThr: 4.109 ± 0.014	6.528LeuVal: 6.528 ± 0.021	1.138LeuTrp: 1.138 ± 0.008	2.202LeuTyr: 2.202 ± 0.01	0.0LeuXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Met	2.727MetAla: 2.727 ± 0.013	0.329MetCys: 0.329 ± 0.004	1.458MetAsp: 1.458 ± 0.009	1.811MetGlu: 1.811 ± 0.01	0.731MetPhe: 0.731 ± 0.006	1.538MetGly: 1.538 ± 0.009	0.55MetHis: 0.55 ± 0.004	0.924MetIle: 0.924 ± 0.006	1.228MetLys: 1.228 ± 0.009	2.17MetLeu: 2.17 ± 0.009	0.638MetMet: 0.638 ± 0.005	0.776MetAsn: 0.776 ± 0.006	1.285MetPro: 1.285 ± 0.009	0.892MetGln: 0.892 ± 0.007	1.365MetArg: 1.365 ± 0.008	1.678MetSer: 1.678 ± 0.008	1.002MetThr: 1.002 ± 0.007	1.644MetVal: 1.644 ± 0.009	0.268MetTrp: 0.268 ± 0.003	0.566MetTyr: 0.566 ± 0.006	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	2.634AsnAla: 2.634 ± 0.011	0.667AsnCys: 0.667 ± 0.007	1.609AsnAsp: 1.609 ± 0.01	1.769AsnGlu: 1.769 ± 0.011	1.33AsnPhe: 1.33 ± 0.009	2.708AsnGly: 2.708 ± 0.013	0.832AsnHis: 0.832 ± 0.007	1.779AsnIle: 1.779 ± 0.01	1.71AsnLys: 1.71 ± 0.009	3.406AsnLeu: 3.406 ± 0.017	0.899AsnMet: 0.899 ± 0.008	1.495AsnAsn: 1.495 ± 0.013	1.875AsnPro: 1.875 ± 0.011	1.197AsnGln: 1.197 ± 0.008	1.743AsnArg: 1.743 ± 0.008	2.652AsnSer: 2.652 ± 0.013	1.569AsnThr: 1.569 ± 0.008	2.195AsnVal: 2.195 ± 0.01	0.436AsnTrp: 0.436 ± 0.004	0.947AsnTyr: 0.947 ± 0.007	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	6.411ProAla: 6.411 ± 0.027	0.984ProCys: 0.984 ± 0.008	2.914ProAsp: 2.914 ± 0.012	3.384ProGlu: 3.384 ± 0.014	1.908ProPhe: 1.908 ± 0.01	3.864ProGly: 3.864 ± 0.017	1.258ProHis: 1.258 ± 0.008	1.825ProIle: 1.825 ± 0.01	2.259ProLys: 2.259 ± 0.013	4.687ProLeu: 4.687 ± 0.016	1.08ProMet: 1.08 ± 0.008	1.771ProAsn: 1.771 ± 0.009	6.062ProPro: 6.062 ± 0.04	1.893ProGln: 1.893 ± 0.01	3.796ProArg: 3.796 ± 0.017	5.5ProSer: 5.5 ± 0.021	2.794ProThr: 2.794 ± 0.013	3.638ProVal: 3.638 ± 0.017	0.751ProTrp: 0.751 ± 0.007	1.284ProTyr: 1.284 ± 0.008	0.0ProXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gln	2.814GlnAla: 2.814 ± 0.011	0.585GlnCys: 0.585 ± 0.005	1.612GlnAsp: 1.612 ± 0.009	2.311GlnGlu: 2.311 ± 0.011	1.126GlnPhe: 1.126 ± 0.007	2.212GlnGly: 2.212 ± 0.011	0.964GlnHis: 0.964 ± 0.007	1.507GlnIle: 1.507 ± 0.008	1.814GlnLys: 1.814 ± 0.01	3.439GlnLeu: 3.439 ± 0.014	0.899GlnMet: 0.899 ± 0.007	1.251GlnAsn: 1.251 ± 0.009	2.003GlnPro: 2.003 ± 0.011	2.207GlnGln: 2.207 ± 0.021	2.297GlnArg: 2.297 ± 0.011	2.331GlnSer: 2.331 ± 0.013	1.393GlnThr: 1.393 ± 0.009	2.199GlnVal: 2.199 ± 0.01	0.459GlnTrp: 0.459 ± 0.005	0.862GlnTyr: 0.862 ± 0.006	0.0GlnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Arg	5.883ArgAla: 5.883 ± 0.023	1.352ArgCys: 1.352 ± 0.009	3.141ArgAsp: 3.141 ± 0.014	3.581ArgGlu: 3.581 ± 0.015	2.298ArgPhe: 2.298 ± 0.01	4.691ArgGly: 4.691 ± 0.018	1.746ArgHis: 1.746 ± 0.011	2.569ArgIle: 2.569 ± 0.012	3.349ArgLys: 3.349 ± 0.016	6.19ArgLeu: 6.19 ± 0.02	1.513ArgMet: 1.513 ± 0.008	2.098ArgAsn: 2.098 ± 0.011	3.649ArgPro: 3.649 ± 0.015	2.149ArgGln: 2.149 ± 0.01	6.86ArgArg: 6.86 ± 0.026	5.055ArgSer: 5.055 ± 0.017	2.77ArgThr: 2.77 ± 0.011	3.992ArgVal: 3.992 ± 0.014	1.05ArgTrp: 1.05 ± 0.008	1.572ArgTyr: 1.572 ± 0.01	0.0ArgXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ser	6.989SerAla: 6.989 ± 0.02	1.674SerCys: 1.674 ± 0.011	4.012SerAsp: 4.012 ± 0.014	3.985SerGlu: 3.985 ± 0.016	3.159SerPhe: 3.159 ± 0.012	6.188SerGly: 6.188 ± 0.023	1.74SerHis: 1.74 ± 0.009	3.368SerIle: 3.368 ± 0.016	3.638SerLys: 3.638 ± 0.017	7.432SerLeu: 7.432 ± 0.023	1.923SerMet: 1.923 ± 0.01	2.846SerAsn: 2.846 ± 0.013	5.06SerPro: 5.06 ± 0.023	2.405SerGln: 2.405 ± 0.012	4.855SerArg: 4.855 ± 0.016	9.736SerSer: 9.736 ± 0.032	4.262SerThr: 4.262 ± 0.017	4.875SerVal: 4.875 ± 0.015	1.138SerTrp: 1.138 ± 0.007	1.992SerTyr: 1.992 ± 0.01	0.0SerXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Thr	4.557ThrAla: 4.557 ± 0.016	0.911ThrCys: 0.911 ± 0.008	2.291ThrAsp: 2.291 ± 0.011	2.517ThrGlu: 2.517 ± 0.014	1.747ThrPhe: 1.747 ± 0.009	3.58ThrGly: 3.58 ± 0.013	0.927ThrHis: 0.927 ± 0.006	2.137ThrIle: 2.137 ± 0.011	2.123ThrLys: 2.123 ± 0.011	4.167ThrLeu: 4.167 ± 0.015	1.144ThrMet: 1.144 ± 0.008	1.608ThrAsn: 1.608 ± 0.009	2.887ThrPro: 2.887 ± 0.016	1.294ThrGln: 1.294 ± 0.008	2.599ThrArg: 2.599 ± 0.013	4.127ThrSer: 4.127 ± 0.014	2.842ThrThr: 2.842 ± 0.013	3.494ThrVal: 3.494 ± 0.014	0.618ThrTrp: 0.618 ± 0.006	1.236ThrTyr: 1.236 ± 0.008	0.0ThrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Val	6.971ValAla: 6.971 ± 0.027	1.18ValCys: 1.18 ± 0.007	3.895ValAsp: 3.895 ± 0.015	4.155ValGlu: 4.155 ± 0.015	2.497ValPhe: 2.497 ± 0.011	4.466ValGly: 4.466 ± 0.016	1.647ValHis: 1.647 ± 0.009	2.786ValIle: 2.786 ± 0.01	3.081ValLys: 3.081 ± 0.014	6.76ValLeu: 6.76 ± 0.019	1.534ValMet: 1.534 ± 0.008	2.043ValAsn: 2.043 ± 0.01	3.96ValPro: 3.96 ± 0.016	2.293ValGln: 2.293 ± 0.011	4.03ValArg: 4.03 ± 0.016	4.98ValSer: 4.98 ± 0.017	3.339ValThr: 3.339 ± 0.014	5.521ValVal: 5.521 ± 0.02	0.812ValTrp: 0.812 ± 0.006	1.743ValTyr: 1.743 ± 0.009	0.0ValXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Trp	1.038TrpAla: 1.038 ± 0.008	0.271TrpCys: 0.271 ± 0.004	0.682TrpAsp: 0.682 ± 0.007	0.745TrpGlu: 0.745 ± 0.006	0.486TrpPhe: 0.486 ± 0.005	0.784TrpGly: 0.784 ± 0.007	0.319TrpHis: 0.319 ± 0.004	0.554TrpIle: 0.554 ± 0.005	0.726TrpLys: 0.726 ± 0.006	1.279TrpLeu: 1.279 ± 0.009	0.356TrpMet: 0.356 ± 0.004	0.56TrpAsn: 0.56 ± 0.005	0.633TrpPro: 0.633 ± 0.005	0.462TrpGln: 0.462 ± 0.005	1.129TrpArg: 1.129 ± 0.008	1.011TrpSer: 1.011 ± 0.007	0.643TrpThr: 0.643 ± 0.006	0.824TrpVal: 0.824 ± 0.007	0.266TrpTrp: 0.266 ± 0.004	0.329TrpTyr: 0.329 ± 0.004	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.98TyrAla: 1.98 ± 0.01	0.575TyrCys: 0.575 ± 0.005	1.444TyrAsp: 1.444 ± 0.008	1.34TyrGlu: 1.34 ± 0.01	1.074TyrPhe: 1.074 ± 0.007	2.012TyrGly: 2.012 ± 0.012	0.681TyrHis: 0.681 ± 0.006	1.17TyrIle: 1.17 ± 0.008	1.168TyrLys: 1.168 ± 0.008	2.476TyrLeu: 2.476 ± 0.013	0.687TyrMet: 0.687 ± 0.006	1.049TyrAsn: 1.049 ± 0.008	1.194TyrPro: 1.194 ± 0.008	0.81TyrGln: 0.81 ± 0.007	1.507TyrArg: 1.507 ± 0.009	1.899TyrSer: 1.899 ± 0.012	1.187TyrThr: 1.187 ± 0.008	1.611TyrVal: 1.611 ± 0.01	0.376TyrTrp: 0.376 ± 0.004	0.89TyrTyr: 0.89 ± 0.008	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.0XaaAla: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGlu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGly: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaIle: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLeu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPro: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGln: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaArg: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaSer: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaVal: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTyr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0

Statistics based on 55732 proteins (21762937 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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