Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Plasmodium falciparum (isolate Dd2)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	0.95AlaAla: 0.95 ± 0.031	0.47AlaCys: 0.47 ± 0.017	1.087AlaAsp: 1.087 ± 0.03	1.192AlaGlu: 1.192 ± 0.033	0.896AlaPhe: 0.896 ± 0.021	0.764AlaGly: 0.764 ± 0.023	0.586AlaHis: 0.586 ± 0.016	1.576AlaIle: 1.576 ± 0.027	1.746AlaLys: 1.746 ± 0.037	1.859AlaLeu: 1.859 ± 0.032	0.368AlaMet: 0.368 ± 0.013	1.595AlaAsn: 1.595 ± 0.033	0.597AlaPro: 0.597 ± 0.02	0.725AlaGln: 0.725 ± 0.021	0.607AlaArg: 0.607 ± 0.019	1.515AlaSer: 1.515 ± 0.03	0.975AlaThr: 0.975 ± 0.027	0.888AlaVal: 0.888 ± 0.024	0.131AlaTrp: 0.131 ± 0.006	1.062AlaTyr: 1.062 ± 0.02	0.0AlaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Cys	0.507CysAla: 0.507 ± 0.014	0.312CysCys: 0.312 ± 0.011	1.318CysAsp: 1.318 ± 0.031	1.125CysGlu: 1.125 ± 0.023	0.791CysPhe: 0.791 ± 0.019	0.71CysGly: 0.71 ± 0.018	0.324CysHis: 0.324 ± 0.011	1.699CysIle: 1.699 ± 0.028	1.583CysLys: 1.583 ± 0.03	1.477CysLeu: 1.477 ± 0.028	0.371CysMet: 0.371 ± 0.011	1.862CysAsn: 1.862 ± 0.033	0.468CysPro: 0.468 ± 0.016	0.349CysGln: 0.349 ± 0.013	0.54CysArg: 0.54 ± 0.026	1.405CysSer: 1.405 ± 0.026	0.96CysThr: 0.96 ± 0.023	0.881CysVal: 0.881 ± 0.018	0.064CysTrp: 0.064 ± 0.005	0.815CysTyr: 0.815 ± 0.018	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	1.259AspAla: 1.259 ± 0.031	0.732AspCys: 0.732 ± 0.026	7.28AspAsp: 7.28 ± 0.134	5.909AspGlu: 5.909 ± 0.075	2.082AspPhe: 2.082 ± 0.03	1.825AspGly: 1.825 ± 0.037	1.565AspHis: 1.565 ± 0.033	7.387AspIle: 7.387 ± 0.064	6.765AspLys: 6.765 ± 0.074	3.7AspLeu: 3.7 ± 0.048	1.757AspMet: 1.757 ± 0.027	9.281AspAsn: 9.281 ± 0.116	1.018AspPro: 1.018 ± 0.026	1.471AspGln: 1.471 ± 0.03	1.238AspArg: 1.238 ± 0.037	3.187AspSer: 3.187 ± 0.044	2.968AspThr: 2.968 ± 0.056	2.987AspVal: 2.987 ± 0.042	0.229AspTrp: 0.229 ± 0.01	2.984AspTyr: 2.984 ± 0.056	0.0AspXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Glu	1.43GluAla: 1.43 ± 0.031	1.087GluCys: 1.087 ± 0.022	4.822GluAsp: 4.822 ± 0.077	8.763GluGlu: 8.763 ± 0.327	1.986GluPhe: 1.986 ± 0.029	2.101GluGly: 2.101 ± 0.05	1.889GluHis: 1.889 ± 0.029	5.303GluIle: 5.303 ± 0.083	10.712GluLys: 10.712 ± 0.113	4.574GluLeu: 4.574 ± 0.082	1.425GluMet: 1.425 ± 0.027	8.977GluAsn: 8.977 ± 0.09	1.028GluPro: 1.028 ± 0.036	2.717GluGln: 2.717 ± 0.045	2.173GluArg: 2.173 ± 0.047	3.349GluSer: 3.349 ± 0.059	2.421GluThr: 2.421 ± 0.038	2.428GluVal: 2.428 ± 0.164	0.503GluTrp: 0.503 ± 0.023	3.627GluTyr: 3.627 ± 0.039	0.0GluXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Phe	0.767PheAla: 0.767 ± 0.019	0.943PheCys: 0.943 ± 0.02	2.395PheAsp: 2.395 ± 0.032	2.276PheGlu: 2.276 ± 0.034	3.235PhePhe: 3.235 ± 0.057	1.162PheGly: 1.162 ± 0.027	1.116PheHis: 1.116 ± 0.02	4.129PheIle: 4.129 ± 0.056	3.507PheLys: 3.507 ± 0.037	4.793PheLeu: 4.793 ± 0.062	0.896PheMet: 0.896 ± 0.02	4.191PheAsn: 4.191 ± 0.049	0.993PhePro: 0.993 ± 0.024	1.069PheGln: 1.069 ± 0.021	0.956PheArg: 0.956 ± 0.021	3.26PheSer: 3.26 ± 0.046	1.568PheThr: 1.568 ± 0.028	1.951PheVal: 1.951 ± 0.031	0.196PheTrp: 0.196 ± 0.008	2.757PheTyr: 2.757 ± 0.04	0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly	0.818GlyAla: 0.818 ± 0.023	0.549GlyCys: 0.549 ± 0.017	2.29GlyAsp: 2.29 ± 0.05	1.92GlyGlu: 1.92 ± 0.035	1.033GlyPhe: 1.033 ± 0.019	1.565GlyGly: 1.565 ± 0.04	0.638GlyHis: 0.638 ± 0.018	2.366GlyIle: 2.366 ± 0.037	3.119GlyLys: 3.119 ± 0.046	2.024GlyLeu: 2.024 ± 0.036	0.624GlyMet: 0.624 ± 0.022	3.201GlyAsn: 3.201 ± 0.065	0.62GlyPro: 0.62 ± 0.023	0.734GlyGln: 0.734 ± 0.025	0.92GlyArg: 0.92 ± 0.022	2.031GlySer: 2.031 ± 0.055	1.511GlyThr: 1.511 ± 0.036	1.349GlyVal: 1.349 ± 0.027	0.16GlyTrp: 0.16 ± 0.008	1.412GlyTyr: 1.412 ± 0.023	0.0GlyXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
His	0.484HisAla: 0.484 ± 0.015	0.303HisCys: 0.303 ± 0.014	1.459HisAsp: 1.459 ± 0.025	1.335HisGlu: 1.335 ± 0.026	1.274HisPhe: 1.274 ± 0.025	0.617HisGly: 0.617 ± 0.017	0.797HisHis: 0.797 ± 0.036	2.936HisIle: 2.936 ± 0.037	2.3HisLys: 2.3 ± 0.045	1.868HisLeu: 1.868 ± 0.029	0.89HisMet: 0.89 ± 0.022	3.53HisAsn: 3.53 ± 0.061	0.549HisPro: 0.549 ± 0.015	0.536HisGln: 0.536 ± 0.015	0.537HisArg: 0.537 ± 0.014	1.464HisSer: 1.464 ± 0.026	1.193HisThr: 1.193 ± 0.023	1.207HisVal: 1.207 ± 0.039	0.091HisTrp: 0.091 ± 0.007	1.082HisTyr: 1.082 ± 0.02	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	1.474IleAla: 1.474 ± 0.029	2.068IleCys: 2.068 ± 0.036	4.739IleAsp: 4.739 ± 0.052	5.121IleGlu: 5.121 ± 0.051	4.549IlePhe: 4.549 ± 0.06	2.172IleGly: 2.172 ± 0.032	2.62IleHis: 2.62 ± 0.039	8.235IleIle: 8.235 ± 0.082	10.427IleLys: 10.427 ± 0.092	8.11IleLeu: 8.11 ± 0.079	1.685IleMet: 1.685 ± 0.024	12.768IleAsn: 12.768 ± 0.136	2.486IlePro: 2.486 ± 0.076	2.997IleGln: 2.997 ± 0.045	2.294IleArg: 2.294 ± 0.031	6.105IleSer: 6.105 ± 0.055	3.488IleThr: 3.488 ± 0.037	2.852IleVal: 2.852 ± 0.053	0.484IleTrp: 0.484 ± 0.014	6.439IleTyr: 6.439 ± 0.073	0.0IleXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Lys	1.776LysAla: 1.776 ± 0.036	2.055LysCys: 2.055 ± 0.037	6.921LysAsp: 6.921 ± 0.066	10.154LysGlu: 10.154 ± 0.112	3.072LysPhe: 3.072 ± 0.039	3.485LysGly: 3.485 ± 0.041	2.355LysHis: 2.355 ± 0.038	9.326LysIle: 9.326 ± 0.089	19.569LysLys: 19.569 ± 0.198	7.246LysLeu: 7.246 ± 0.071	2.604LysMet: 2.604 ± 0.038	16.864LysAsn: 16.864 ± 0.149	1.506LysPro: 1.506 ± 0.034	3.096LysGln: 3.096 ± 0.04	4.215LysArg: 4.215 ± 0.056	6.164LysSer: 6.164 ± 0.054	4.208LysThr: 4.208 ± 0.05	3.312LysVal: 3.312 ± 0.042	0.675LysTrp: 0.675 ± 0.023	6.787LysTyr: 6.787 ± 0.066	0.0LysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Leu	1.519LeuAla: 1.519 ± 0.027	1.746LeuCys: 1.746 ± 0.028	3.583LeuAsp: 3.583 ± 0.043	4.358LeuGlu: 4.358 ± 0.056	4.306LeuPhe: 4.306 ± 0.056	1.979LeuGly: 1.979 ± 0.033	1.865LeuHis: 1.865 ± 0.029	6.112LeuIle: 6.112 ± 0.066	8.874LeuLys: 8.874 ± 0.075	7.283LeuLeu: 7.283 ± 0.072	1.325LeuMet: 1.325 ± 0.021	8.704LeuAsn: 8.704 ± 0.076	2.105LeuPro: 2.105 ± 0.068	2.371LeuGln: 2.371 ± 0.036	2.504LeuArg: 2.504 ± 0.056	5.579LeuSer: 5.579 ± 0.056	2.857LeuThr: 2.857 ± 0.039	2.483LeuVal: 2.483 ± 0.068	0.46LeuTrp: 0.46 ± 0.015	4.839LeuTyr: 4.839 ± 0.052	0.0LeuXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Met	0.391MetAla: 0.391 ± 0.013	0.492MetCys: 0.492 ± 0.015	1.623MetAsp: 1.623 ± 0.029	1.517MetGlu: 1.517 ± 0.028	0.879MetPhe: 0.879 ± 0.017	0.609MetGly: 0.609 ± 0.022	0.453MetHis: 0.453 ± 0.015	1.573MetIle: 1.573 ± 0.028	2.929MetLys: 2.929 ± 0.035	1.679MetLeu: 1.679 ± 0.025	0.53MetMet: 0.53 ± 0.018	4.135MetAsn: 4.135 ± 0.096	0.416MetPro: 0.416 ± 0.015	0.515MetGln: 0.515 ± 0.013	0.572MetArg: 0.572 ± 0.019	1.462MetSer: 1.462 ± 0.03	0.678MetThr: 0.678 ± 0.018	0.725MetVal: 0.725 ± 0.016	0.119MetTrp: 0.119 ± 0.007	1.395MetTyr: 1.395 ± 0.048	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	1.96AsnAla: 1.96 ± 0.036	1.564AsnCys: 1.564 ± 0.027	10.3AsnAsp: 10.3 ± 0.12	9.603AsnGlu: 9.603 ± 0.094	4.612AsnPhe: 4.612 ± 0.05	3.19AsnGly: 3.19 ± 0.069	2.885AsnHis: 2.885 ± 0.06	16.106AsnIle: 16.106 ± 0.182	15.349AsnLys: 15.349 ± 0.152	7.554AsnLeu: 7.554 ± 0.072	4.169AsnMet: 4.169 ± 0.088	33.124AsnAsn: 33.124 ± 0.662	1.759AsnPro: 1.759 ± 0.035	2.888AsnGln: 2.888 ± 0.051	2.47AsnArg: 2.47 ± 0.036	7.727AsnSer: 7.727 ± 0.108	5.537AsnThr: 5.537 ± 0.059	6.372AsnVal: 6.372 ± 0.063	0.331AsnTrp: 0.331 ± 0.012	7.022AsnTyr: 7.022 ± 0.091	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	0.457ProAla: 0.457 ± 0.017	0.445ProCys: 0.445 ± 0.018	1.237ProAsp: 1.237 ± 0.091	1.306ProGlu: 1.306 ± 0.115	1.279ProPhe: 1.279 ± 0.027	0.594ProGly: 0.594 ± 0.024	0.56ProHis: 0.56 ± 0.016	1.721ProIle: 1.721 ± 0.027	1.697ProLys: 1.697 ± 0.034	1.872ProLeu: 1.872 ± 0.026	0.412ProMet: 0.412 ± 0.013	2.088ProAsn: 2.088 ± 0.04	0.859ProPro: 0.859 ± 0.039	0.697ProGln: 0.697 ± 0.022	0.571ProArg: 0.571 ± 0.021	1.679ProSer: 1.679 ± 0.029	1.05ProThr: 1.05 ± 0.028	0.806ProVal: 0.806 ± 0.027	0.132ProTrp: 0.132 ± 0.007	1.304ProTyr: 1.304 ± 0.022	0.0ProXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gln	0.567GlnAla: 0.567 ± 0.018	0.4GlnCys: 0.4 ± 0.014	1.403GlnAsp: 1.403 ± 0.027	2.083GlnGlu: 2.083 ± 0.054	0.946GlnPhe: 0.946 ± 0.02	0.784GlnGly: 0.784 ± 0.02	0.758GlnHis: 0.758 ± 0.017	2.436GlnIle: 2.436 ± 0.04	3.583GlnLys: 3.583 ± 0.046	2.027GlnLeu: 2.027 ± 0.048	0.727GlnMet: 0.727 ± 0.023	4.275GlnAsn: 4.275 ± 0.064	0.56GlnPro: 0.56 ± 0.018	1.157GlnGln: 1.157 ± 0.045	0.842GlnArg: 0.842 ± 0.02	1.492GlnSer: 1.492 ± 0.03	1.318GlnThr: 1.318 ± 0.024	0.956GlnVal: 0.956 ± 0.021	0.169GlnTrp: 0.169 ± 0.008	1.4GlnTyr: 1.4 ± 0.028	0.0GlnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Arg	0.655ArgAla: 0.655 ± 0.019	0.45ArgCys: 0.45 ± 0.013	1.575ArgAsp: 1.575 ± 0.042	1.813ArgGlu: 1.813 ± 0.038	0.968ArgPhe: 0.968 ± 0.019	1.018ArgGly: 1.018 ± 0.027	0.585ArgHis: 0.585 ± 0.014	2.154ArgIle: 2.154 ± 0.028	3.878ArgLys: 3.878 ± 0.05	1.95ArgLeu: 1.95 ± 0.052	0.569ArgMet: 0.569 ± 0.015	3.42ArgAsn: 3.42 ± 0.046	0.485ArgPro: 0.485 ± 0.021	0.72ArgGln: 0.72 ± 0.018	1.48ArgArg: 1.48 ± 0.04	1.617ArgSer: 1.617 ± 0.035	1.151ArgThr: 1.151 ± 0.021	0.897ArgVal: 0.897 ± 0.019	0.21ArgTrp: 0.21 ± 0.012	1.331ArgTyr: 1.331 ± 0.024	0.0ArgXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ser	1.389SerAla: 1.389 ± 0.03	1.208SerCys: 1.208 ± 0.023	4.095SerAsp: 4.095 ± 0.055	3.514SerGlu: 3.514 ± 0.055	3.469SerPhe: 3.469 ± 0.039	2.123SerGly: 2.123 ± 0.051	1.57SerHis: 1.57 ± 0.038	5.392SerIle: 5.392 ± 0.05	5.578SerLys: 5.578 ± 0.05	5.324SerLeu: 5.324 ± 0.052	1.213SerMet: 1.213 ± 0.025	8.282SerAsn: 8.282 ± 0.118	1.651SerPro: 1.651 ± 0.057	1.68SerGln: 1.68 ± 0.033	1.621SerArg: 1.621 ± 0.031	6.672SerSer: 6.672 ± 0.1	3.17SerThr: 3.17 ± 0.038	2.669SerVal: 2.669 ± 0.068	0.279SerTrp: 0.279 ± 0.009	3.771SerTyr: 3.771 ± 0.044	0.0SerXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Thr	0.94ThrAla: 0.94 ± 0.028	0.993ThrCys: 0.993 ± 0.022	2.095ThrAsp: 2.095 ± 0.032	2.12ThrGlu: 2.12 ± 0.071	2.101ThrPhe: 2.101 ± 0.03	1.116ThrGly: 1.116 ± 0.024	1.262ThrHis: 1.262 ± 0.022	3.083ThrIle: 3.083 ± 0.035	4.01ThrLys: 4.01 ± 0.044	3.51ThrLeu: 3.51 ± 0.046	0.901ThrMet: 0.901 ± 0.045	5.905ThrAsn: 5.905 ± 0.063	1.181ThrPro: 1.181 ± 0.024	1.408ThrGln: 1.408 ± 0.04	0.952ThrArg: 0.952 ± 0.019	3.284ThrSer: 3.284 ± 0.036	2.303ThrThr: 2.303 ± 0.052	1.373ThrVal: 1.373 ± 0.036	0.205ThrTrp: 0.205 ± 0.009	2.822ThrTyr: 2.822 ± 0.039	0.0ThrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Val	0.993ValAla: 0.993 ± 0.029	0.82ValCys: 0.82 ± 0.019	2.703ValAsp: 2.703 ± 0.044	3.04ValGlu: 3.04 ± 0.122	1.518ValPhe: 1.518 ± 0.027	1.346ValGly: 1.346 ± 0.03	1.246ValHis: 1.246 ± 0.022	3.096ValIle: 3.096 ± 0.074	3.574ValLys: 3.574 ± 0.046	3.312ValLeu: 3.312 ± 0.04	0.696ValMet: 0.696 ± 0.015	4.064ValAsn: 4.064 ± 0.062	1.249ValPro: 1.249 ± 0.054	1.467ValGln: 1.467 ± 0.031	1.01ValArg: 1.01 ± 0.021	2.768ValSer: 2.768 ± 0.078	1.643ValThr: 1.643 ± 0.049	1.902ValVal: 1.902 ± 0.088	0.235ValTrp: 0.235 ± 0.01	1.98ValTyr: 1.98 ± 0.03	0.0ValXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Trp	0.147TrpAla: 0.147 ± 0.008	0.096TrpCys: 0.096 ± 0.007	0.286TrpAsp: 0.286 ± 0.01	0.321TrpGlu: 0.321 ± 0.014	0.246TrpPhe: 0.246 ± 0.013	0.219TrpGly: 0.219 ± 0.011	0.078TrpHis: 0.078 ± 0.006	0.477TrpIle: 0.477 ± 0.018	0.657TrpLys: 0.657 ± 0.02	0.418TrpLeu: 0.418 ± 0.015	0.114TrpMet: 0.114 ± 0.006	0.525TrpAsn: 0.525 ± 0.016	0.098TrpPro: 0.098 ± 0.006	0.089TrpGln: 0.089 ± 0.005	0.173TrpArg: 0.173 ± 0.009	0.315TrpSer: 0.315 ± 0.013	0.19TrpThr: 0.19 ± 0.009	0.223TrpVal: 0.223 ± 0.01	0.086TrpTrp: 0.086 ± 0.009	0.215TrpTyr: 0.215 ± 0.008	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.105TyrAla: 1.105 ± 0.023	0.828TyrCys: 0.828 ± 0.02	4.412TyrAsp: 4.412 ± 0.052	3.845TyrGlu: 3.845 ± 0.037	2.92TyrPhe: 2.92 ± 0.052	1.505TyrGly: 1.505 ± 0.027	1.302TyrHis: 1.302 ± 0.024	6.003TyrIle: 6.003 ± 0.076	5.535TyrLys: 5.535 ± 0.059	4.272TyrLeu: 4.272 ± 0.052	1.417TyrMet: 1.417 ± 0.029	7.733TyrAsn: 7.733 ± 0.1	1.138TyrPro: 1.138 ± 0.026	1.195TyrGln: 1.195 ± 0.02	1.25TyrArg: 1.25 ± 0.021	3.595TyrSer: 3.595 ± 0.049	2.373TyrThr: 2.373 ± 0.041	2.401TyrVal: 2.401 ± 0.031	0.212TyrTrp: 0.212 ± 0.009	3.368TyrTyr: 3.368 ± 0.047	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.0XaaAla: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGlu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGly: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaIle: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLeu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPro: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGln: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaArg: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaSer: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaVal: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTyr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0

Statistics based on 5132 proteins (3041645 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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