Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Escherichia coli R178

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

AlaCysAspGluPheGlyHisIleLysLeuMetAsnProGlnArgSerThrValTrpTyrXaa
Ala
7.419AlaAla: 7.419 ± 0.426
1.155AlaCys: 1.155 ± 0.162
4.751AlaAsp: 4.751 ± 0.335
5.613AlaGlu: 5.613 ± 0.341
3.368AlaPhe: 3.368 ± 0.268
5.418AlaGly: 5.418 ± 0.33
2.034AlaHis: 2.034 ± 0.197
4.653AlaIle: 4.653 ± 0.313
3.693AlaLys: 3.693 ± 0.296
9.355AlaLeu: 9.355 ± 0.535
2.636AlaMet: 2.636 ± 0.214
2.831AlaAsn: 2.831 ± 0.249
3.205AlaPro: 3.205 ± 0.302
2.864AlaGln: 2.864 ± 0.252
4.507AlaArg: 4.507 ± 0.308
5.532AlaSer: 5.532 ± 0.284
4.198AlaThr: 4.198 ± 0.286
6.378AlaVal: 6.378 ± 0.409
1.269AlaTrp: 1.269 ± 0.16
2.017AlaTyr: 2.017 ± 0.199
0.0AlaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Cys
0.96CysAla: 0.96 ± 0.116
0.39CysCys: 0.39 ± 0.099
0.716CysAsp: 0.716 ± 0.123
0.846CysGlu: 0.846 ± 0.115
0.488CysPhe: 0.488 ± 0.085
0.911CysGly: 0.911 ± 0.135
0.586CysHis: 0.586 ± 0.154
0.439CysIle: 0.439 ± 0.087
0.537CysLys: 0.537 ± 0.096
1.058CysLeu: 1.058 ± 0.14
0.358CysMet: 0.358 ± 0.072
0.407CysAsn: 0.407 ± 0.079
0.716CysPro: 0.716 ± 0.105
0.407CysGln: 0.407 ± 0.09
0.635CysArg: 0.635 ± 0.114
0.976CysSer: 0.976 ± 0.131
0.553CysThr: 0.553 ± 0.097
0.879CysVal: 0.879 ± 0.161
0.195CysTrp: 0.195 ± 0.056
0.439CysTyr: 0.439 ± 0.105
0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp
4.995AspAla: 4.995 ± 0.334
0.683AspCys: 0.683 ± 0.136
2.912AspAsp: 2.912 ± 0.263
4.067AspGlu: 4.067 ± 0.273
2.164AspPhe: 2.164 ± 0.185
3.872AspGly: 3.872 ± 0.281
1.171AspHis: 1.171 ± 0.158
3.042AspIle: 3.042 ± 0.233
2.798AspLys: 2.798 ± 0.215
5.581AspLeu: 5.581 ± 0.292
1.497AspMet: 1.497 ± 0.173
2.652AspAsn: 2.652 ± 0.234
2.245AspPro: 2.245 ± 0.213
1.969AspGln: 1.969 ± 0.168
2.88AspArg: 2.88 ± 0.221
3.368AspSer: 3.368 ± 0.253
2.798AspThr: 2.798 ± 0.234
3.531AspVal: 3.531 ± 0.23
0.7AspTrp: 0.7 ± 0.104
1.985AspTyr: 1.985 ± 0.174
0.0AspXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Glu
5.076GluAla: 5.076 ± 0.265
0.602GluCys: 0.602 ± 0.093
2.424GluAsp: 2.424 ± 0.21
3.954GluGlu: 3.954 ± 0.332
2.083GluPhe: 2.083 ± 0.195
3.84GluGly: 3.84 ± 0.23
1.773GluHis: 1.773 ± 0.192
3.921GluIle: 3.921 ± 0.26
3.937GluLys: 3.937 ± 0.318
6.313GluLeu: 6.313 ± 0.389
1.822GluMet: 1.822 ± 0.152
3.27GluAsn: 3.27 ± 0.308
2.164GluPro: 2.164 ± 0.227
2.977GluGln: 2.977 ± 0.255
4.116GluArg: 4.116 ± 0.334
4.246GluSer: 4.246 ± 0.301
3.205GluThr: 3.205 ± 0.244
3.71GluVal: 3.71 ± 0.246
0.992GluTrp: 0.992 ± 0.141
1.822GluTyr: 1.822 ± 0.189
0.0GluXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Phe
2.912PheAla: 2.912 ± 0.28
0.553PheCys: 0.553 ± 0.093
2.733PheAsp: 2.733 ± 0.274
2.18PheGlu: 2.18 ± 0.192
1.773PhePhe: 1.773 ± 0.19
2.359PheGly: 2.359 ± 0.202
0.732PheHis: 0.732 ± 0.104
2.603PheIle: 2.603 ± 0.26
2.262PheLys: 2.262 ± 0.247
3.108PheLeu: 3.108 ± 0.235
0.895PheMet: 0.895 ± 0.13
1.79PheAsn: 1.79 ± 0.171
1.692PhePro: 1.692 ± 0.176
1.123PheGln: 1.123 ± 0.115
2.18PheArg: 2.18 ± 0.184
3.205PheSer: 3.205 ± 0.252
2.668PheThr: 2.668 ± 0.252
2.522PheVal: 2.522 ± 0.227
0.602PheTrp: 0.602 ± 0.124
1.123PheTyr: 1.123 ± 0.111
0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly
4.637GlyAla: 4.637 ± 0.334
0.976GlyCys: 0.976 ± 0.14
3.4GlyAsp: 3.4 ± 0.239
4.36GlyGlu: 4.36 ± 0.262
3.075GlyPhe: 3.075 ± 0.194
3.758GlyGly: 3.758 ± 0.269
1.578GlyHis: 1.578 ± 0.194
4.133GlyIle: 4.133 ± 0.272
4.328GlyLys: 4.328 ± 0.269
6.183GlyLeu: 6.183 ± 0.339
1.92GlyMet: 1.92 ± 0.188
2.929GlyAsn: 2.929 ± 0.256
1.594GlyPro: 1.594 ± 0.185
2.603GlyGln: 2.603 ± 0.193
3.742GlyArg: 3.742 ± 0.237
4.019GlySer: 4.019 ± 0.286
3.205GlyThr: 3.205 ± 0.232
4.279GlyVal: 4.279 ± 0.301
1.041GlyTrp: 1.041 ± 0.12
2.245GlyTyr: 2.245 ± 0.151
0.0GlyXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
His
1.481HisAla: 1.481 ± 0.175
0.407HisCys: 0.407 ± 0.082
1.334HisAsp: 1.334 ± 0.16
1.415HisGlu: 1.415 ± 0.145
0.862HisPhe: 0.862 ± 0.12
1.643HisGly: 1.643 ± 0.192
0.846HisHis: 0.846 ± 0.159
1.432HisIle: 1.432 ± 0.171
0.944HisLys: 0.944 ± 0.121
2.375HisLeu: 2.375 ± 0.199
0.439HisMet: 0.439 ± 0.085
0.586HisAsn: 0.586 ± 0.109
1.22HisPro: 1.22 ± 0.148
0.976HisGln: 0.976 ± 0.134
1.481HisArg: 1.481 ± 0.181
1.676HisSer: 1.676 ± 0.189
0.992HisThr: 0.992 ± 0.132
1.432HisVal: 1.432 ± 0.203
0.325HisTrp: 0.325 ± 0.077
1.074HisTyr: 1.074 ± 0.171
0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile
5.19IleAla: 5.19 ± 0.334
0.586IleCys: 0.586 ± 0.112
3.563IleAsp: 3.563 ± 0.238
4.019IleGlu: 4.019 ± 0.272
1.855IlePhe: 1.855 ± 0.19
3.4IleGly: 3.4 ± 0.212
1.204IleHis: 1.204 ± 0.151
3.01IleIle: 3.01 ± 0.223
3.693IleLys: 3.693 ± 0.259
4.312IleLeu: 4.312 ± 0.336
1.269IleMet: 1.269 ± 0.155
2.831IleAsn: 2.831 ± 0.222
2.701IlePro: 2.701 ± 0.201
1.936IleGln: 1.936 ± 0.156
3.612IleArg: 3.612 ± 0.232
4.653IleSer: 4.653 ± 0.347
3.335IleThr: 3.335 ± 0.237
3.596IleVal: 3.596 ± 0.233
0.635IleTrp: 0.635 ± 0.099
1.448IleTyr: 1.448 ± 0.173
0.0IleXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Lys
4.409LysAla: 4.409 ± 0.308
0.325LysCys: 0.325 ± 0.08
2.603LysAsp: 2.603 ± 0.221
3.124LysGlu: 3.124 ± 0.267
1.562LysPhe: 1.562 ± 0.163
3.319LysGly: 3.319 ± 0.219
1.09LysHis: 1.09 ± 0.138
3.27LysIle: 3.27 ± 0.28
3.417LysLys: 3.417 ± 0.296
5.418LysLeu: 5.418 ± 0.318
1.741LysMet: 1.741 ± 0.163
2.945LysAsn: 2.945 ± 0.234
2.554LysPro: 2.554 ± 0.21
2.375LysGln: 2.375 ± 0.174
2.961LysArg: 2.961 ± 0.207
3.742LysSer: 3.742 ± 0.241
3.807LysThr: 3.807 ± 0.248
3.807LysVal: 3.807 ± 0.274
0.732LysTrp: 0.732 ± 0.105
1.594LysTyr: 1.594 ± 0.18
0.0LysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Leu
8.948LeuAla: 8.948 ± 0.491
1.399LeuCys: 1.399 ± 0.134
5.206LeuAsp: 5.206 ± 0.263
5.629LeuGlu: 5.629 ± 0.338
3.596LeuPhe: 3.596 ± 0.254
5.987LeuGly: 5.987 ± 0.298
2.066LeuHis: 2.066 ± 0.193
5.223LeuIle: 5.223 ± 0.274
6.036LeuLys: 6.036 ± 0.356
8.981LeuLeu: 8.981 ± 0.544
2.75LeuMet: 2.75 ± 0.211
4.507LeuAsn: 4.507 ± 0.304
4.979LeuPro: 4.979 ± 0.361
2.961LeuGln: 2.961 ± 0.242
7.045LeuArg: 7.045 ± 0.494
8.607LeuSer: 8.607 ± 0.392
5.955LeuThr: 5.955 ± 0.285
6.394LeuVal: 6.394 ± 0.366
0.862LeuTrp: 0.862 ± 0.136
2.571LeuTyr: 2.571 ± 0.205
0.0LeuXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Met
2.733MetAla: 2.733 ± 0.203
0.26MetCys: 0.26 ± 0.075
1.106MetAsp: 1.106 ± 0.139
1.171MetGlu: 1.171 ± 0.143
0.765MetPhe: 0.765 ± 0.138
1.464MetGly: 1.464 ± 0.176
0.797MetHis: 0.797 ± 0.115
1.66MetIle: 1.66 ± 0.153
1.822MetLys: 1.822 ± 0.177
2.538MetLeu: 2.538 ± 0.211
0.716MetMet: 0.716 ± 0.128
1.399MetAsn: 1.399 ± 0.16
1.318MetPro: 1.318 ± 0.155
1.058MetGln: 1.058 ± 0.125
1.448MetArg: 1.448 ± 0.14
2.424MetSer: 2.424 ± 0.19
1.887MetThr: 1.887 ± 0.159
1.594MetVal: 1.594 ± 0.154
0.212MetTrp: 0.212 ± 0.065
0.618MetTyr: 0.618 ± 0.102
0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn
4.165AsnAla: 4.165 ± 0.32
0.456AsnCys: 0.456 ± 0.1
2.782AsnAsp: 2.782 ± 0.232
2.636AsnGlu: 2.636 ± 0.213
1.497AsnPhe: 1.497 ± 0.155
3.14AsnGly: 3.14 ± 0.244
0.846AsnHis: 0.846 ± 0.122
2.375AsnIle: 2.375 ± 0.214
2.229AsnLys: 2.229 ± 0.202
4.246AsnLeu: 4.246 ± 0.271
1.041AsnMet: 1.041 ± 0.127
1.871AsnAsn: 1.871 ± 0.239
1.773AsnPro: 1.773 ± 0.159
1.334AsnGln: 1.334 ± 0.153
2.506AsnArg: 2.506 ± 0.224
2.896AsnSer: 2.896 ± 0.248
2.522AsnThr: 2.522 ± 0.242
2.798AsnVal: 2.798 ± 0.259
0.651AsnTrp: 0.651 ± 0.106
1.237AsnTyr: 1.237 ± 0.18
0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro
4.409ProAla: 4.409 ± 0.337
0.472ProCys: 0.472 ± 0.091
3.417ProAsp: 3.417 ± 0.234
3.482ProGlu: 3.482 ± 0.23
1.92ProPhe: 1.92 ± 0.182
3.27ProGly: 3.27 ± 0.234
0.716ProHis: 0.716 ± 0.113
1.839ProIle: 1.839 ± 0.188
1.806ProLys: 1.806 ± 0.189
3.791ProLeu: 3.791 ± 0.289
0.83ProMet: 0.83 ± 0.132
1.367ProAsn: 1.367 ± 0.172
1.773ProPro: 1.773 ± 0.181
1.383ProGln: 1.383 ± 0.166
2.001ProArg: 2.001 ± 0.184
2.864ProSer: 2.864 ± 0.251
1.969ProThr: 1.969 ± 0.199
4.051ProVal: 4.051 ± 0.297
0.472ProTrp: 0.472 ± 0.106
1.139ProTyr: 1.139 ± 0.152
0.0ProXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gln
3.514GlnAla: 3.514 ± 0.239
0.39GlnCys: 0.39 ± 0.1
1.432GlnAsp: 1.432 ± 0.14
1.855GlnGlu: 1.855 ± 0.172
1.432GlnPhe: 1.432 ± 0.137
2.375GlnGly: 2.375 ± 0.185
0.992GlnHis: 0.992 ± 0.124
1.936GlnIle: 1.936 ± 0.18
2.375GlnLys: 2.375 ± 0.203
4.133GlnLeu: 4.133 ± 0.318
1.09GlnMet: 1.09 ± 0.126
1.594GlnAsn: 1.594 ± 0.18
1.367GlnPro: 1.367 ± 0.141
2.327GlnGln: 2.327 ± 0.244
2.506GlnArg: 2.506 ± 0.209
2.538GlnSer: 2.538 ± 0.243
2.229GlnThr: 2.229 ± 0.186
1.887GlnVal: 1.887 ± 0.163
0.439GlnTrp: 0.439 ± 0.081
1.22GlnTyr: 1.22 ± 0.141
0.0GlnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Arg
4.165ArgAla: 4.165 ± 0.333
0.748ArgCys: 0.748 ± 0.134
2.831ArgAsp: 2.831 ± 0.224
3.319ArgGlu: 3.319 ± 0.249
2.652ArgPhe: 2.652 ± 0.22
2.896ArgGly: 2.896 ± 0.257
1.432ArgHis: 1.432 ± 0.182
3.905ArgIle: 3.905 ± 0.235
3.303ArgLys: 3.303 ± 0.234
6.931ArgLeu: 6.931 ± 0.365
1.692ArgMet: 1.692 ± 0.174
2.489ArgAsn: 2.489 ± 0.24
2.262ArgPro: 2.262 ± 0.225
2.782ArgGln: 2.782 ± 0.247
4.279ArgArg: 4.279 ± 0.375
4.067ArgSer: 4.067 ± 0.304
3.075ArgThr: 3.075 ± 0.265
3.384ArgVal: 3.384 ± 0.259
0.944ArgTrp: 0.944 ± 0.127
2.31ArgTyr: 2.31 ± 0.192
0.0ArgXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ser
5.158SerAla: 5.158 ± 0.271
0.846SerCys: 0.846 ± 0.14
4.019SerAsp: 4.019 ± 0.292
5.06SerGlu: 5.06 ± 0.352
2.896SerPhe: 2.896 ± 0.244
5.288SerGly: 5.288 ± 0.287
1.611SerHis: 1.611 ± 0.195
3.921SerIle: 3.921 ± 0.261
3.547SerLys: 3.547 ± 0.264
8.249SerLeu: 8.249 ± 0.399
1.969SerMet: 1.969 ± 0.227
2.945SerAsn: 2.945 ± 0.246
3.14SerPro: 3.14 ± 0.222
2.587SerGln: 2.587 ± 0.247
4.019SerArg: 4.019 ± 0.264
5.402SerSer: 5.402 ± 0.359
3.921SerThr: 3.921 ± 0.259
5.825SerVal: 5.825 ± 0.271
0.83SerTrp: 0.83 ± 0.136
2.196SerTyr: 2.196 ± 0.204
0.0SerXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Thr
4.409ThrAla: 4.409 ± 0.276
0.765ThrCys: 0.765 ± 0.106
3.628ThrAsp: 3.628 ± 0.227
3.189ThrGlu: 3.189 ± 0.237
2.392ThrPhe: 2.392 ± 0.226
4.881ThrGly: 4.881 ± 0.282
1.302ThrHis: 1.302 ± 0.163
2.766ThrIle: 2.766 ± 0.213
2.489ThrLys: 2.489 ± 0.196
5.955ThrLeu: 5.955 ± 0.343
1.22ThrMet: 1.22 ± 0.162
1.887ThrAsn: 1.887 ± 0.193
2.815ThrPro: 2.815 ± 0.195
1.952ThrGln: 1.952 ± 0.196
3.091ThrArg: 3.091 ± 0.217
3.954ThrSer: 3.954 ± 0.263
2.831ThrThr: 2.831 ± 0.232
4.133ThrVal: 4.133 ± 0.29
0.618ThrTrp: 0.618 ± 0.099
1.562ThrTyr: 1.562 ± 0.196
0.0ThrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Val
5.239ValAla: 5.239 ± 0.301
0.992ValCys: 0.992 ± 0.133
3.433ValAsp: 3.433 ± 0.232
4.116ValGlu: 4.116 ± 0.264
2.782ValPhe: 2.782 ± 0.229
3.872ValGly: 3.872 ± 0.308
1.253ValHis: 1.253 ± 0.146
4.507ValIle: 4.507 ± 0.298
3.547ValLys: 3.547 ± 0.221
6.118ValLeu: 6.118 ± 0.348
1.92ValMet: 1.92 ± 0.168
2.896ValAsn: 2.896 ± 0.189
3.026ValPro: 3.026 ± 0.216
2.196ValGln: 2.196 ± 0.191
3.954ValArg: 3.954 ± 0.252
6.069ValSer: 6.069 ± 0.386
4.539ValThr: 4.539 ± 0.284
5.174ValVal: 5.174 ± 0.292
0.862ValTrp: 0.862 ± 0.109
1.79ValTyr: 1.79 ± 0.179
0.0ValXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Trp
0.781TrpAla: 0.781 ± 0.126
0.212TrpCys: 0.212 ± 0.06
0.765TrpAsp: 0.765 ± 0.099
0.732TrpGlu: 0.732 ± 0.122
0.553TrpPhe: 0.553 ± 0.088
0.537TrpGly: 0.537 ± 0.09
0.472TrpHis: 0.472 ± 0.102
0.732TrpIle: 0.732 ± 0.103
0.862TrpLys: 0.862 ± 0.145
1.725TrpLeu: 1.725 ± 0.196
0.407TrpMet: 0.407 ± 0.083
0.472TrpAsn: 0.472 ± 0.082
0.7TrpPro: 0.7 ± 0.117
0.504TrpGln: 0.504 ± 0.082
0.618TrpArg: 0.618 ± 0.102
0.797TrpSer: 0.797 ± 0.116
0.732TrpThr: 0.732 ± 0.119
0.83TrpVal: 0.83 ± 0.112
0.212TrpTrp: 0.212 ± 0.064
0.407TrpTyr: 0.407 ± 0.081
0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr
2.294TyrAla: 2.294 ± 0.184
0.277TyrCys: 0.277 ± 0.07
1.855TyrAsp: 1.855 ± 0.189
1.497TyrGlu: 1.497 ± 0.173
1.302TyrPhe: 1.302 ± 0.142
1.773TyrGly: 1.773 ± 0.181
0.439TyrHis: 0.439 ± 0.084
1.481TyrIle: 1.481 ± 0.14
1.171TyrLys: 1.171 ± 0.178
3.335TyrLeu: 3.335 ± 0.233
0.765TyrMet: 0.765 ± 0.095
1.334TyrAsn: 1.334 ± 0.17
1.725TyrPro: 1.725 ± 0.155
1.318TyrGln: 1.318 ± 0.156
1.887TyrArg: 1.887 ± 0.153
2.392TyrSer: 2.392 ± 0.197
1.415TyrThr: 1.415 ± 0.198
2.083TyrVal: 2.083 ± 0.203
0.456TyrTrp: 0.456 ± 0.095
0.683TyrTyr: 0.683 ± 0.098
0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa
0.0XaaAla: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaGlu: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaGly: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaIle: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaLys: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaLeu: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaPro: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaGln: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaArg: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaSer: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaVal: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaTyr: 0.0 ± 0.0
0.0XaaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Statistics based on 270 proteins (61464 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file
See this proteome in: uniprot_link
Proteome-pI is available under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs license, for more details see here

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944 Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski