Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Proteobacteria bacterium

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	9.058AlaAla: 9.058 ± 0.095	1.106AlaCys: 1.106 ± 0.025	4.706AlaAsp: 4.706 ± 0.06	5.647AlaGlu: 5.647 ± 0.058	3.724AlaPhe: 3.724 ± 0.054	6.25AlaGly: 6.25 ± 0.078	1.571AlaHis: 1.571 ± 0.03	5.383AlaIle: 5.383 ± 0.064	5.773AlaLys: 5.773 ± 0.062	9.322AlaLeu: 9.322 ± 0.089	2.312AlaMet: 2.312 ± 0.04	3.388AlaAsn: 3.388 ± 0.053	3.71AlaPro: 3.71 ± 0.052	3.277AlaGln: 3.277 ± 0.045	4.079AlaArg: 4.079 ± 0.057	6.584AlaSer: 6.584 ± 0.089	4.483AlaThr: 4.483 ± 0.073	5.711AlaVal: 5.711 ± 0.063	1.022AlaTrp: 1.022 ± 0.029	2.452AlaTyr: 2.452 ± 0.041	0.0AlaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Cys	0.844CysAla: 0.844 ± 0.027	0.092CysCys: 0.092 ± 0.008	0.583CysAsp: 0.583 ± 0.02	0.582CysGlu: 0.582 ± 0.022	0.418CysPhe: 0.418 ± 0.017	0.801CysGly: 0.801 ± 0.025	0.324CysHis: 0.324 ± 0.023	0.5CysIle: 0.5 ± 0.019	0.535CysLys: 0.535 ± 0.019	1.024CysLeu: 1.024 ± 0.026	0.207CysMet: 0.207 ± 0.011	0.369CysAsn: 0.369 ± 0.015	0.473CysPro: 0.473 ± 0.018	0.371CysGln: 0.371 ± 0.016	0.536CysArg: 0.536 ± 0.02	0.896CysSer: 0.896 ± 0.03	0.501CysThr: 0.501 ± 0.02	0.65CysVal: 0.65 ± 0.021	0.14CysTrp: 0.14 ± 0.015	0.276CysTyr: 0.276 ± 0.016	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	4.729AspAla: 4.729 ± 0.056	0.595AspCys: 0.595 ± 0.021	2.954AspAsp: 2.954 ± 0.055	3.644AspGlu: 3.644 ± 0.05	2.747AspPhe: 2.747 ± 0.046	4.116AspGly: 4.116 ± 0.051	1.201AspHis: 1.201 ± 0.032	3.412AspIle: 3.412 ± 0.048	3.197AspLys: 3.197 ± 0.051	6.146AspLeu: 6.146 ± 0.064	1.176AspMet: 1.176 ± 0.029	1.907AspAsn: 1.907 ± 0.038	2.776AspPro: 2.776 ± 0.045	2.11AspGln: 2.11 ± 0.039	3.018AspArg: 3.018 ± 0.048	3.851AspSer: 3.851 ± 0.057	2.387AspThr: 2.387 ± 0.048	3.545AspVal: 3.545 ± 0.049	0.808AspTrp: 0.808 ± 0.023	1.81AspTyr: 1.81 ± 0.037	0.0AspXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Glu	6.133GluAla: 6.133 ± 0.077	0.448GluCys: 0.448 ± 0.019	3.224GluAsp: 3.224 ± 0.048	4.116GluGlu: 4.116 ± 0.073	2.43GluPhe: 2.43 ± 0.045	4.193GluGly: 4.193 ± 0.051	1.153GluHis: 1.153 ± 0.029	4.272GluIle: 4.272 ± 0.054	4.336GluLys: 4.336 ± 0.068	6.34GluLeu: 6.34 ± 0.075	1.557GluMet: 1.557 ± 0.036	2.467GluAsn: 2.467 ± 0.046	1.965GluPro: 1.965 ± 0.035	2.244GluGln: 2.244 ± 0.04	3.427GluArg: 3.427 ± 0.052	4.208GluSer: 4.208 ± 0.05	3.545GluThr: 3.545 ± 0.049	3.958GluVal: 3.958 ± 0.054	0.761GluTrp: 0.761 ± 0.022	1.454GluTyr: 1.454 ± 0.036	0.0GluXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Phe	3.991PheAla: 3.991 ± 0.055	0.489PheCys: 0.489 ± 0.018	2.672PheAsp: 2.672 ± 0.041	2.819PheGlu: 2.819 ± 0.049	1.906PhePhe: 1.906 ± 0.042	3.148PheGly: 3.148 ± 0.051	0.905PheHis: 0.905 ± 0.026	2.238PheIle: 2.238 ± 0.04	2.302PheLys: 2.302 ± 0.035	4.136PheLeu: 4.136 ± 0.05	0.941PheMet: 0.941 ± 0.026	1.679PheAsn: 1.679 ± 0.043	1.795PhePro: 1.795 ± 0.035	1.612PheGln: 1.612 ± 0.031	2.191PheArg: 2.191 ± 0.041	3.22PheSer: 3.22 ± 0.047	2.299PheThr: 2.299 ± 0.042	2.864PheVal: 2.864 ± 0.042	0.55PheTrp: 0.55 ± 0.018	1.336PheTyr: 1.336 ± 0.033	0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly	5.641GlyAla: 5.641 ± 0.074	0.793GlyCys: 0.793 ± 0.025	3.805GlyAsp: 3.805 ± 0.058	4.052GlyGlu: 4.052 ± 0.054	3.356GlyPhe: 3.356 ± 0.054	5.061GlyGly: 5.061 ± 0.086	1.419GlyHis: 1.419 ± 0.037	4.452GlyIle: 4.452 ± 0.065	4.576GlyLys: 4.576 ± 0.069	7.112GlyLeu: 7.112 ± 0.072	1.811GlyMet: 1.811 ± 0.038	2.743GlyAsn: 2.743 ± 0.048	2.41GlyPro: 2.41 ± 0.045	2.574GlyGln: 2.574 ± 0.042	3.49GlyArg: 3.49 ± 0.052	5.5GlySer: 5.5 ± 0.073	4.244GlyThr: 4.244 ± 0.078	4.48GlyVal: 4.48 ± 0.064	0.818GlyTrp: 0.818 ± 0.023	2.128GlyTyr: 2.128 ± 0.04	0.001GlyXaa: 0.001 ± 0.001
His	1.55HisAla: 1.55 ± 0.034	0.25HisCys: 0.25 ± 0.012	1.005HisAsp: 1.005 ± 0.025	1.213HisGlu: 1.213 ± 0.028	0.978HisPhe: 0.978 ± 0.024	1.385HisGly: 1.385 ± 0.033	0.486HisHis: 0.486 ± 0.018	1.109HisIle: 1.109 ± 0.026	0.936HisLys: 0.936 ± 0.027	1.961HisLeu: 1.961 ± 0.037	0.477HisMet: 0.477 ± 0.016	0.684HisAsn: 0.684 ± 0.019	1.152HisPro: 1.152 ± 0.03	0.675HisGln: 0.675 ± 0.025	1.038HisArg: 1.038 ± 0.029	1.468HisSer: 1.468 ± 0.032	0.808HisThr: 0.808 ± 0.024	1.069HisVal: 1.069 ± 0.025	0.271HisTrp: 0.271 ± 0.014	0.647HisTyr: 0.647 ± 0.021	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	5.724IleAla: 5.724 ± 0.059	0.687IleCys: 0.687 ± 0.021	4.032IleAsp: 4.032 ± 0.047	4.272IleGlu: 4.272 ± 0.055	2.55IlePhe: 2.55 ± 0.037	4.18IleGly: 4.18 ± 0.044	1.225IleHis: 1.225 ± 0.03	3.21IleIle: 3.21 ± 0.06	3.298IleLys: 3.298 ± 0.051	5.946IleLeu: 5.946 ± 0.071	1.149IleMet: 1.149 ± 0.029	2.31IleAsn: 2.31 ± 0.041	2.991IlePro: 2.991 ± 0.048	2.077IleGln: 2.077 ± 0.038	3.161IleArg: 3.161 ± 0.045	4.502IleSer: 4.502 ± 0.055	2.938IleThr: 2.938 ± 0.046	3.929IleVal: 3.929 ± 0.051	0.643IleTrp: 0.643 ± 0.02	1.652IleTyr: 1.652 ± 0.032	0.0IleXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Lys	6.211LysAla: 6.211 ± 0.069	0.381LysCys: 0.381 ± 0.019	3.932LysAsp: 3.932 ± 0.053	3.845LysGlu: 3.845 ± 0.049	2.04LysPhe: 2.04 ± 0.037	4.138LysGly: 4.138 ± 0.059	1.018LysHis: 1.018 ± 0.025	4.117LysIle: 4.117 ± 0.063	4.23LysLys: 4.23 ± 0.071	5.644LysLeu: 5.644 ± 0.062	1.42LysMet: 1.42 ± 0.037	2.658LysAsn: 2.658 ± 0.045	2.666LysPro: 2.666 ± 0.041	1.815LysGln: 1.815 ± 0.036	2.888LysArg: 2.888 ± 0.046	4.505LysSer: 4.505 ± 0.055	3.766LysThr: 3.766 ± 0.052	4.07LysVal: 4.07 ± 0.056	0.552LysTrp: 0.552 ± 0.019	1.321LysTyr: 1.321 ± 0.032	0.0LysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Leu	9.273LeuAla: 9.273 ± 0.082	0.986LeuCys: 0.986 ± 0.025	5.676LeuAsp: 5.676 ± 0.061	6.282LeuGlu: 6.282 ± 0.073	3.896LeuPhe: 3.896 ± 0.055	7.138LeuGly: 7.138 ± 0.077	1.771LeuHis: 1.771 ± 0.037	5.762LeuIle: 5.762 ± 0.063	6.681LeuLys: 6.681 ± 0.076	9.668LeuLeu: 9.668 ± 0.095	2.35LeuMet: 2.35 ± 0.045	4.043LeuAsn: 4.043 ± 0.056	4.816LeuPro: 4.816 ± 0.062	3.382LeuGln: 3.382 ± 0.048	5.4LeuArg: 5.4 ± 0.064	8.655LeuSer: 8.655 ± 0.072	5.549LeuThr: 5.549 ± 0.062	6.328LeuVal: 6.328 ± 0.068	1.163LeuTrp: 1.163 ± 0.03	2.45LeuTyr: 2.45 ± 0.044	0.0LeuXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Met	2.006MetAla: 2.006 ± 0.035	0.136MetCys: 0.136 ± 0.01	1.262MetAsp: 1.262 ± 0.028	1.297MetGlu: 1.297 ± 0.032	0.758MetPhe: 0.758 ± 0.03	1.75MetGly: 1.75 ± 0.036	0.47MetHis: 0.47 ± 0.016	1.485MetIle: 1.485 ± 0.032	1.898MetLys: 1.898 ± 0.032	2.12MetLeu: 2.12 ± 0.039	0.594MetMet: 0.594 ± 0.02	1.148MetAsn: 1.148 ± 0.024	1.165MetPro: 1.165 ± 0.026	0.926MetGln: 0.926 ± 0.025	1.349MetArg: 1.349 ± 0.028	1.783MetSer: 1.783 ± 0.035	1.531MetThr: 1.531 ± 0.034	1.299MetVal: 1.299 ± 0.031	0.179MetTrp: 0.179 ± 0.011	0.366MetTyr: 0.366 ± 0.015	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	3.324AsnAla: 3.324 ± 0.052	0.431AsnCys: 0.431 ± 0.018	2.037AsnAsp: 2.037 ± 0.038	2.141AsnGlu: 2.141 ± 0.04	1.936AsnPhe: 1.936 ± 0.031	2.926AsnGly: 2.926 ± 0.051	0.754AsnHis: 0.754 ± 0.023	2.2AsnIle: 2.2 ± 0.044	1.932AsnLys: 1.932 ± 0.038	4.285AsnLeu: 4.285 ± 0.056	0.802AsnMet: 0.802 ± 0.026	1.509AsnAsn: 1.509 ± 0.044	2.255AsnPro: 2.255 ± 0.04	1.554AsnGln: 1.554 ± 0.035	2.008AsnArg: 2.008 ± 0.035	2.85AsnSer: 2.85 ± 0.045	1.819AsnThr: 1.819 ± 0.045	2.451AsnVal: 2.451 ± 0.043	0.57AsnTrp: 0.57 ± 0.017	1.294AsnTyr: 1.294 ± 0.031	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	3.92ProAla: 3.92 ± 0.057	0.326ProCys: 0.326 ± 0.016	2.497ProAsp: 2.497 ± 0.035	3.365ProGlu: 3.365 ± 0.048	1.808ProPhe: 1.808 ± 0.036	2.871ProGly: 2.871 ± 0.041	0.797ProHis: 0.797 ± 0.022	2.547ProIle: 2.547 ± 0.037	2.777ProLys: 2.777 ± 0.047	4.219ProLeu: 4.219 ± 0.055	1.126ProMet: 1.126 ± 0.03	1.717ProAsn: 1.717 ± 0.037	1.542ProPro: 1.542 ± 0.043	1.434ProGln: 1.434 ± 0.03	1.799ProArg: 1.799 ± 0.036	3.413ProSer: 3.413 ± 0.046	2.486ProThr: 2.486 ± 0.045	3.064ProVal: 3.064 ± 0.047	0.574ProTrp: 0.574 ± 0.019	1.268ProTyr: 1.268 ± 0.031	0.0ProXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gln	3.418GlnAla: 3.418 ± 0.05	0.283GlnCys: 0.283 ± 0.016	1.888GlnAsp: 1.888 ± 0.038	1.975GlnGlu: 1.975 ± 0.037	1.405GlnPhe: 1.405 ± 0.029	2.482GlnGly: 2.482 ± 0.05	0.604GlnHis: 0.604 ± 0.02	2.388GlnIle: 2.388 ± 0.037	2.582GlnLys: 2.582 ± 0.038	3.385GlnLeu: 3.385 ± 0.057	0.916GlnMet: 0.916 ± 0.026	1.578GlnAsn: 1.578 ± 0.033	1.199GlnPro: 1.199 ± 0.031	1.166GlnGln: 1.166 ± 0.032	1.891GlnArg: 1.891 ± 0.039	2.742GlnSer: 2.742 ± 0.044	2.07GlnThr: 2.07 ± 0.033	2.242GlnVal: 2.242 ± 0.035	0.529GlnTrp: 0.529 ± 0.021	0.943GlnTyr: 0.943 ± 0.025	0.0GlnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Arg	3.935ArgAla: 3.935 ± 0.059	0.494ArgCys: 0.494 ± 0.017	2.87ArgAsp: 2.87 ± 0.04	3.255ArgGlu: 3.255 ± 0.056	2.548ArgPhe: 2.548 ± 0.045	2.954ArgGly: 2.954 ± 0.057	0.932ArgHis: 0.932 ± 0.027	3.414ArgIle: 3.414 ± 0.053	2.849ArgLys: 2.849 ± 0.047	5.671ArgLeu: 5.671 ± 0.074	1.409ArgMet: 1.409 ± 0.028	1.879ArgAsn: 1.879 ± 0.037	1.971ArgPro: 1.971 ± 0.036	1.848ArgGln: 1.848 ± 0.04	2.646ArgArg: 2.646 ± 0.048	3.8ArgSer: 3.8 ± 0.054	2.339ArgThr: 2.339 ± 0.04	3.19ArgVal: 3.19 ± 0.04	0.716ArgTrp: 0.716 ± 0.022	1.682ArgTyr: 1.682 ± 0.031	0.001ArgXaa: 0.001 ± 0.001
Ser	6.128SerAla: 6.128 ± 0.075	1.026SerCys: 1.026 ± 0.03	4.031SerAsp: 4.031 ± 0.06	4.347SerGlu: 4.347 ± 0.056	3.701SerPhe: 3.701 ± 0.055	5.845SerGly: 5.845 ± 0.092	1.514SerHis: 1.514 ± 0.035	4.676SerIle: 4.676 ± 0.053	4.196SerLys: 4.196 ± 0.05	8.137SerLeu: 8.137 ± 0.087	1.802SerMet: 1.802 ± 0.042	2.864SerAsn: 2.864 ± 0.049	3.396SerPro: 3.396 ± 0.044	2.708SerGln: 2.708 ± 0.05	3.575SerArg: 3.575 ± 0.056	6.13SerSer: 6.13 ± 0.082	3.855SerThr: 3.855 ± 0.062	4.679SerVal: 4.679 ± 0.055	1.023SerTrp: 1.023 ± 0.029	2.318SerTyr: 2.318 ± 0.045	0.0SerXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Thr	5.016ThrAla: 5.016 ± 0.07	0.519ThrCys: 0.519 ± 0.021	2.753ThrAsp: 2.753 ± 0.048	2.832ThrGlu: 2.832 ± 0.054	2.338ThrPhe: 2.338 ± 0.039	4.013ThrGly: 4.013 ± 0.066	1.014ThrHis: 1.014 ± 0.025	3.359ThrIle: 3.359 ± 0.046	2.886ThrLys: 2.886 ± 0.052	5.748ThrLeu: 5.748 ± 0.07	1.138ThrMet: 1.138 ± 0.028	1.987ThrAsn: 1.987 ± 0.04	2.778ThrPro: 2.778 ± 0.049	1.861ThrGln: 1.861 ± 0.03	2.41ThrArg: 2.41 ± 0.042	3.881ThrSer: 3.881 ± 0.079	3.053ThrThr: 3.053 ± 0.071	3.903ThrVal: 3.903 ± 0.066	0.593ThrTrp: 0.593 ± 0.021	1.575ThrTyr: 1.575 ± 0.034	0.0ThrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Val	5.607ValAla: 5.607 ± 0.063	0.645ValCys: 0.645 ± 0.02	3.819ValAsp: 3.819 ± 0.053	4.163ValGlu: 4.163 ± 0.06	2.636ValPhe: 2.636 ± 0.041	4.368ValGly: 4.368 ± 0.059	1.153ValHis: 1.153 ± 0.027	3.781ValIle: 3.781 ± 0.053	3.973ValLys: 3.973 ± 0.051	6.336ValLeu: 6.336 ± 0.06	1.476ValMet: 1.476 ± 0.033	2.478ValAsn: 2.478 ± 0.044	2.798ValPro: 2.798 ± 0.043	2.212ValGln: 2.212 ± 0.037	3.114ValArg: 3.114 ± 0.047	4.97ValSer: 4.97 ± 0.07	3.725ValThr: 3.725 ± 0.066	4.373ValVal: 4.373 ± 0.047	0.742ValTrp: 0.742 ± 0.024	1.811ValTyr: 1.811 ± 0.034	0.0ValXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Trp	0.914TrpAla: 0.914 ± 0.027	0.094TrpCys: 0.094 ± 0.008	0.751TrpAsp: 0.751 ± 0.023	0.678TrpGlu: 0.678 ± 0.018	0.482TrpPhe: 0.482 ± 0.019	0.813TrpGly: 0.813 ± 0.026	0.252TrpHis: 0.252 ± 0.013	0.832TrpIle: 0.832 ± 0.025	0.802TrpLys: 0.802 ± 0.027	1.154TrpLeu: 1.154 ± 0.027	0.334TrpMet: 0.334 ± 0.015	0.622TrpAsn: 0.622 ± 0.024	0.475TrpPro: 0.475 ± 0.018	0.575TrpGln: 0.575 ± 0.017	0.575TrpArg: 0.575 ± 0.02	0.907TrpSer: 0.907 ± 0.026	0.787TrpThr: 0.787 ± 0.026	0.732TrpVal: 0.732 ± 0.022	0.135TrpTrp: 0.135 ± 0.01	0.3TrpTyr: 0.3 ± 0.015	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	2.136TyrAla: 2.136 ± 0.039	0.34TyrCys: 0.34 ± 0.016	1.635TyrAsp: 1.635 ± 0.033	1.705TyrGlu: 1.705 ± 0.032	1.437TyrPhe: 1.437 ± 0.031	2.034TyrGly: 2.034 ± 0.036	0.599TyrHis: 0.599 ± 0.021	1.341TyrIle: 1.341 ± 0.028	1.461TyrLys: 1.461 ± 0.037	2.916TyrLeu: 2.916 ± 0.045	0.525TyrMet: 0.525 ± 0.019	1.048TyrAsn: 1.048 ± 0.027	1.218TyrPro: 1.218 ± 0.03	1.261TyrGln: 1.261 ± 0.03	1.808TyrArg: 1.808 ± 0.036	2.086TyrSer: 2.086 ± 0.039	1.47TyrThr: 1.47 ± 0.035	1.642TyrVal: 1.642 ± 0.03	0.423TyrTrp: 0.423 ± 0.017	0.946TyrTyr: 0.946 ± 0.027	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.0XaaAla: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaGlu: 0.001 ± 0.001	0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGly: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaIle: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLeu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.001	0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPro: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGln: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaArg: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaSer: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaThr: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaVal: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTyr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.002XaaXaa: 0.002 ± 0.001

Statistics based on 5266 proteins (1581447 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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