Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Plasmodium falciparum (isolate 3D7)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	0.924AlaAla: 0.924 ± 0.028	0.459AlaCys: 0.459 ± 0.014	1.072AlaAsp: 1.072 ± 0.022	1.214AlaGlu: 1.214 ± 0.031	0.919AlaPhe: 0.919 ± 0.017	0.744AlaGly: 0.744 ± 0.018	0.59AlaHis: 0.59 ± 0.019	1.626AlaIle: 1.626 ± 0.026	1.757AlaLys: 1.757 ± 0.028	1.9AlaLeu: 1.9 ± 0.026	0.359AlaMet: 0.359 ± 0.011	1.565AlaAsn: 1.565 ± 0.029	0.595AlaPro: 0.595 ± 0.02	0.708AlaGln: 0.708 ± 0.013	0.591AlaArg: 0.591 ± 0.016	1.507AlaSer: 1.507 ± 0.028	0.974AlaThr: 0.974 ± 0.021	0.873AlaVal: 0.873 ± 0.021	0.13AlaTrp: 0.13 ± 0.006	1.065AlaTyr: 1.065 ± 0.019	0.0AlaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Cys	0.508CysAla: 0.508 ± 0.012	0.33CysCys: 0.33 ± 0.011	1.312CysAsp: 1.312 ± 0.029	1.122CysGlu: 1.122 ± 0.022	0.85CysPhe: 0.85 ± 0.016	0.709CysGly: 0.709 ± 0.021	0.321CysHis: 0.321 ± 0.01	1.737CysIle: 1.737 ± 0.024	1.591CysLys: 1.591 ± 0.027	1.536CysLeu: 1.536 ± 0.022	0.352CysMet: 0.352 ± 0.009	1.867CysAsn: 1.867 ± 0.025	0.465CysPro: 0.465 ± 0.015	0.347CysGln: 0.347 ± 0.011	0.489CysArg: 0.489 ± 0.015	1.411CysSer: 1.411 ± 0.024	0.909CysThr: 0.909 ± 0.019	0.898CysVal: 0.898 ± 0.019	0.069CysTrp: 0.069 ± 0.004	0.821CysTyr: 0.821 ± 0.014	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	1.233AspAla: 1.233 ± 0.025	0.67AspCys: 0.67 ± 0.016	7.191AspAsp: 7.191 ± 0.133	5.943AspGlu: 5.943 ± 0.072	2.116AspPhe: 2.116 ± 0.026	1.734AspGly: 1.734 ± 0.031	1.511AspHis: 1.511 ± 0.03	7.362AspIle: 7.362 ± 0.063	6.828AspLys: 6.828 ± 0.065	3.76AspLeu: 3.76 ± 0.034	1.725AspMet: 1.725 ± 0.024	9.192AspAsn: 9.192 ± 0.103	1.015AspPro: 1.015 ± 0.02	1.444AspGln: 1.444 ± 0.024	1.215AspArg: 1.215 ± 0.026	3.167AspSer: 3.167 ± 0.038	2.678AspThr: 2.678 ± 0.028	2.846AspVal: 2.846 ± 0.035	0.212AspTrp: 0.212 ± 0.008	2.801AspTyr: 2.801 ± 0.028	0.0AspXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Glu	1.422GluAla: 1.422 ± 0.027	1.085GluCys: 1.085 ± 0.019	4.779GluAsp: 4.779 ± 0.062	8.671GluGlu: 8.671 ± 0.43	1.992GluPhe: 1.992 ± 0.025	2.071GluGly: 2.071 ± 0.043	1.83GluHis: 1.83 ± 0.029	5.412GluIle: 5.412 ± 0.084	10.868GluLys: 10.868 ± 0.09	4.625GluLeu: 4.625 ± 0.113	1.411GluMet: 1.411 ± 0.023	9.024GluAsn: 9.024 ± 0.08	1.002GluPro: 1.002 ± 0.033	2.707GluGln: 2.707 ± 0.044	2.163GluArg: 2.163 ± 0.045	3.326GluSer: 3.326 ± 0.045	2.394GluThr: 2.394 ± 0.036	2.366GluVal: 2.366 ± 0.284	0.467GluTrp: 0.467 ± 0.018	3.698GluTyr: 3.698 ± 0.04	0.0GluXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Phe	0.8PheAla: 0.8 ± 0.015	0.977PheCys: 0.977 ± 0.017	2.458PheAsp: 2.458 ± 0.031	2.343PheGlu: 2.343 ± 0.028	3.444PhePhe: 3.444 ± 0.05	1.16PheGly: 1.16 ± 0.023	1.153PheHis: 1.153 ± 0.017	4.369PheIle: 4.369 ± 0.054	3.697PheLys: 3.697 ± 0.037	5.104PheLeu: 5.104 ± 0.055	0.909PheMet: 0.909 ± 0.016	4.339PheAsn: 4.339 ± 0.045	1.015PhePro: 1.015 ± 0.017	1.113PheGln: 1.113 ± 0.016	0.978PheArg: 0.978 ± 0.015	3.27PheSer: 3.27 ± 0.037	1.567PheThr: 1.567 ± 0.022	1.983PheVal: 1.983 ± 0.026	0.209PheTrp: 0.209 ± 0.008	2.92PheTyr: 2.92 ± 0.041	0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly	0.818GlyAla: 0.818 ± 0.019	0.535GlyCys: 0.535 ± 0.014	2.21GlyAsp: 2.21 ± 0.041	1.897GlyGlu: 1.897 ± 0.037	1.078GlyPhe: 1.078 ± 0.022	1.503GlyGly: 1.503 ± 0.04	0.617GlyHis: 0.617 ± 0.015	2.401GlyIle: 2.401 ± 0.03	3.059GlyLys: 3.059 ± 0.044	1.939GlyLeu: 1.939 ± 0.036	0.59GlyMet: 0.59 ± 0.017	3.098GlyAsn: 3.098 ± 0.049	0.51GlyPro: 0.51 ± 0.014	0.693GlyGln: 0.693 ± 0.024	0.876GlyArg: 0.876 ± 0.019	1.986GlySer: 1.986 ± 0.043	1.436GlyThr: 1.436 ± 0.027	1.314GlyVal: 1.314 ± 0.024	0.17GlyTrp: 0.17 ± 0.007	1.453GlyTyr: 1.453 ± 0.026	0.0GlyXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
His	0.466HisAla: 0.466 ± 0.018	0.321HisCys: 0.321 ± 0.015	1.389HisAsp: 1.389 ± 0.023	1.325HisGlu: 1.325 ± 0.024	1.318HisPhe: 1.318 ± 0.022	0.605HisGly: 0.605 ± 0.014	0.784HisHis: 0.784 ± 0.033	2.922HisIle: 2.922 ± 0.037	2.316HisLys: 2.316 ± 0.035	1.898HisLeu: 1.898 ± 0.025	0.859HisMet: 0.859 ± 0.017	3.451HisAsn: 3.451 ± 0.055	0.552HisPro: 0.552 ± 0.012	0.512HisGln: 0.512 ± 0.013	0.53HisArg: 0.53 ± 0.013	1.417HisSer: 1.417 ± 0.022	1.169HisThr: 1.169 ± 0.021	1.119HisVal: 1.119 ± 0.02	0.09HisTrp: 0.09 ± 0.005	1.086HisTyr: 1.086 ± 0.02	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	1.49IleAla: 1.49 ± 0.025	2.09IleCys: 2.09 ± 0.028	4.802IleAsp: 4.802 ± 0.045	5.172IleGlu: 5.172 ± 0.067	4.836IlePhe: 4.836 ± 0.056	2.153IleGly: 2.153 ± 0.029	2.635IleHis: 2.635 ± 0.03	8.486IleIle: 8.486 ± 0.078	10.721IleLys: 10.721 ± 0.082	8.464IleLeu: 8.464 ± 0.068	1.622IleMet: 1.622 ± 0.022	12.986IleAsn: 12.986 ± 0.117	2.478IlePro: 2.478 ± 0.105	2.981IleGln: 2.981 ± 0.04	2.271IleArg: 2.271 ± 0.024	6.19IleSer: 6.19 ± 0.052	3.468IleThr: 3.468 ± 0.03	2.853IleVal: 2.853 ± 0.043	0.505IleTrp: 0.505 ± 0.013	6.554IleTyr: 6.554 ± 0.07	0.0IleXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Lys	1.835LysAla: 1.835 ± 0.031	2.061LysCys: 2.061 ± 0.031	6.982LysAsp: 6.982 ± 0.063	10.315LysGlu: 10.315 ± 0.09	3.201LysPhe: 3.201 ± 0.031	3.391LysGly: 3.391 ± 0.039	2.392LysHis: 2.392 ± 0.028	9.575LysIle: 9.575 ± 0.069	20.189LysLys: 20.189 ± 0.17	7.459LysLeu: 7.459 ± 0.056	2.567LysMet: 2.567 ± 0.029	17.149LysAsn: 17.149 ± 0.114	1.498LysPro: 1.498 ± 0.025	3.148LysGln: 3.148 ± 0.035	4.22LysArg: 4.22 ± 0.041	6.19LysSer: 6.19 ± 0.046	4.234LysThr: 4.234 ± 0.04	3.35LysVal: 3.35 ± 0.037	0.635LysTrp: 0.635 ± 0.02	7.062LysTyr: 7.062 ± 0.061	0.0LysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Leu	1.567LeuAla: 1.567 ± 0.022	1.791LeuCys: 1.791 ± 0.026	3.587LeuAsp: 3.587 ± 0.033	4.385LeuGlu: 4.385 ± 0.056	4.599LeuPhe: 4.599 ± 0.046	1.967LeuGly: 1.967 ± 0.03	1.861LeuHis: 1.861 ± 0.027	6.351LeuIle: 6.351 ± 0.06	9.207LeuLys: 9.207 ± 0.072	7.637LeuLeu: 7.637 ± 0.072	1.297LeuMet: 1.297 ± 0.018	8.9LeuAsn: 8.9 ± 0.064	1.828LeuPro: 1.828 ± 0.025	2.41LeuGln: 2.41 ± 0.029	2.31LeuArg: 2.31 ± 0.031	5.655LeuSer: 5.655 ± 0.048	2.886LeuThr: 2.886 ± 0.033	2.396LeuVal: 2.396 ± 0.095	0.471LeuTrp: 0.471 ± 0.012	5.041LeuTyr: 5.041 ± 0.05	0.0LeuXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Met	0.395MetAla: 0.395 ± 0.011	0.453MetCys: 0.453 ± 0.011	1.594MetAsp: 1.594 ± 0.023	1.51MetGlu: 1.51 ± 0.025	0.88MetPhe: 0.88 ± 0.015	0.599MetGly: 0.599 ± 0.017	0.425MetHis: 0.425 ± 0.013	1.529MetIle: 1.529 ± 0.02	2.9MetLys: 2.9 ± 0.032	1.649MetLeu: 1.649 ± 0.024	0.476MetMet: 0.476 ± 0.012	3.982MetAsn: 3.982 ± 0.067	0.382MetPro: 0.382 ± 0.01	0.511MetGln: 0.511 ± 0.012	0.539MetArg: 0.539 ± 0.013	1.448MetSer: 1.448 ± 0.027	0.661MetThr: 0.661 ± 0.016	0.688MetVal: 0.688 ± 0.014	0.12MetTrp: 0.12 ± 0.005	1.16MetTyr: 1.16 ± 0.019	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	1.911AsnAla: 1.911 ± 0.032	1.595AsnCys: 1.595 ± 0.022	10.133AsnAsp: 10.133 ± 0.096	9.624AsnGlu: 9.624 ± 0.092	4.812AsnPhe: 4.812 ± 0.046	3.121AsnGly: 3.121 ± 0.053	2.877AsnHis: 2.877 ± 0.056	16.307AsnIle: 16.307 ± 0.133	15.563AsnLys: 15.563 ± 0.114	7.603AsnLeu: 7.603 ± 0.059	4.104AsnMet: 4.104 ± 0.07	32.725AsnAsn: 32.725 ± 0.534	1.727AsnPro: 1.727 ± 0.029	2.884AsnGln: 2.884 ± 0.039	2.435AsnArg: 2.435 ± 0.029	7.61AsnSer: 7.61 ± 0.089	5.558AsnThr: 5.558 ± 0.064	6.266AsnVal: 6.266 ± 0.06	0.327AsnTrp: 0.327 ± 0.01	7.119AsnTyr: 7.119 ± 0.082	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	0.456ProAla: 0.456 ± 0.016	0.437ProCys: 0.437 ± 0.015	0.809ProAsp: 0.809 ± 0.018	1.237ProGlu: 1.237 ± 0.201	1.233ProPhe: 1.233 ± 0.022	0.546ProGly: 0.546 ± 0.014	0.545ProHis: 0.545 ± 0.012	1.681ProIle: 1.681 ± 0.025	1.669ProLys: 1.669 ± 0.03	1.876ProLeu: 1.876 ± 0.026	0.357ProMet: 0.357 ± 0.01	2.027ProAsn: 2.027 ± 0.035	0.776ProPro: 0.776 ± 0.028	0.681ProGln: 0.681 ± 0.017	0.534ProArg: 0.534 ± 0.013	1.64ProSer: 1.64 ± 0.03	1.012ProThr: 1.012 ± 0.024	0.793ProVal: 0.793 ± 0.025	0.136ProTrp: 0.136 ± 0.006	1.314ProTyr: 1.314 ± 0.018	0.0ProXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gln	0.596GlnAla: 0.596 ± 0.016	0.41GlnCys: 0.41 ± 0.011	1.399GlnAsp: 1.399 ± 0.024	2.027GlnGlu: 2.027 ± 0.054	0.953GlnPhe: 0.953 ± 0.018	0.753GlnGly: 0.753 ± 0.016	0.74GlnHis: 0.74 ± 0.018	2.485GlnIle: 2.485 ± 0.035	3.59GlnLys: 3.59 ± 0.035	1.915GlnLeu: 1.915 ± 0.027	0.701GlnMet: 0.701 ± 0.016	4.31GlnAsn: 4.31 ± 0.055	0.55GlnPro: 0.55 ± 0.015	1.171GlnGln: 1.171 ± 0.043	0.84GlnArg: 0.84 ± 0.017	1.453GlnSer: 1.453 ± 0.023	1.281GlnThr: 1.281 ± 0.021	0.927GlnVal: 0.927 ± 0.019	0.155GlnTrp: 0.155 ± 0.007	1.385GlnTyr: 1.385 ± 0.022	0.0GlnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Arg	0.635ArgAla: 0.635 ± 0.016	0.45ArgCys: 0.45 ± 0.012	1.501ArgAsp: 1.501 ± 0.033	1.774ArgGlu: 1.774 ± 0.033	0.983ArgPhe: 0.983 ± 0.016	0.959ArgGly: 0.959 ± 0.023	0.559ArgHis: 0.559 ± 0.014	2.145ArgIle: 2.145 ± 0.025	3.907ArgLys: 3.907 ± 0.044	1.781ArgLeu: 1.781 ± 0.034	0.539ArgMet: 0.539 ± 0.012	3.415ArgAsn: 3.415 ± 0.042	0.428ArgPro: 0.428 ± 0.013	0.709ArgGln: 0.709 ± 0.016	1.422ArgArg: 1.422 ± 0.034	1.584ArgSer: 1.584 ± 0.025	1.119ArgThr: 1.119 ± 0.018	0.876ArgVal: 0.876 ± 0.018	0.188ArgTrp: 0.188 ± 0.007	1.355ArgTyr: 1.355 ± 0.023	0.0ArgXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ser	1.354SerAla: 1.354 ± 0.022	1.227SerCys: 1.227 ± 0.02	4.013SerAsp: 4.013 ± 0.057	3.505SerGlu: 3.505 ± 0.042	3.551SerPhe: 3.551 ± 0.036	2.069SerGly: 2.069 ± 0.049	1.47SerHis: 1.47 ± 0.023	5.48SerIle: 5.48 ± 0.05	5.652SerLys: 5.652 ± 0.045	5.371SerLeu: 5.371 ± 0.041	1.18SerMet: 1.18 ± 0.022	8.13SerAsn: 8.13 ± 0.095	1.361SerPro: 1.361 ± 0.026	1.621SerGln: 1.621 ± 0.025	1.574SerArg: 1.574 ± 0.028	6.375SerSer: 6.375 ± 0.08	3.066SerThr: 3.066 ± 0.038	2.64SerVal: 2.64 ± 0.043	0.279SerTrp: 0.279 ± 0.009	3.825SerTyr: 3.825 ± 0.04	0.0SerXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Thr	0.927ThrAla: 0.927 ± 0.025	0.995ThrCys: 0.995 ± 0.019	2.029ThrAsp: 2.029 ± 0.029	2.067ThrGlu: 2.067 ± 0.057	2.177ThrPhe: 2.177 ± 0.028	1.117ThrGly: 1.117 ± 0.029	1.208ThrHis: 1.208 ± 0.019	3.118ThrIle: 3.118 ± 0.034	4.053ThrLys: 4.053 ± 0.036	3.419ThrLeu: 3.419 ± 0.035	0.67ThrMet: 0.67 ± 0.014	5.687ThrAsn: 5.687 ± 0.056	1.175ThrPro: 1.175 ± 0.031	1.367ThrGln: 1.367 ± 0.035	0.929ThrArg: 0.929 ± 0.015	3.198ThrSer: 3.198 ± 0.034	2.248ThrThr: 2.248 ± 0.045	1.314ThrVal: 1.314 ± 0.024	0.217ThrTrp: 0.217 ± 0.008	2.788ThrTyr: 2.788 ± 0.034	0.0ThrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Val	0.975ValAla: 0.975 ± 0.026	0.823ValCys: 0.823 ± 0.017	2.698ValAsp: 2.698 ± 0.034	2.954ValGlu: 2.954 ± 0.187	1.594ValPhe: 1.594 ± 0.023	1.261ValGly: 1.261 ± 0.023	1.227ValHis: 1.227 ± 0.02	3.132ValIle: 3.132 ± 0.113	3.57ValLys: 3.57 ± 0.038	3.359ValLeu: 3.359 ± 0.042	0.674ValMet: 0.674 ± 0.013	4.06ValAsn: 4.06 ± 0.04	1.181ValPro: 1.181 ± 0.085	1.346ValGln: 1.346 ± 0.027	0.966ValArg: 0.966 ± 0.018	2.551ValSer: 2.551 ± 0.032	1.586ValThr: 1.586 ± 0.037	1.812ValVal: 1.812 ± 0.137	0.23ValTrp: 0.23 ± 0.009	1.969ValTyr: 1.969 ± 0.026	0.0ValXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Trp	0.15TrpAla: 0.15 ± 0.007	0.095TrpCys: 0.095 ± 0.004	0.275TrpAsp: 0.275 ± 0.009	0.302TrpGlu: 0.302 ± 0.01	0.253TrpPhe: 0.253 ± 0.01	0.215TrpGly: 0.215 ± 0.009	0.076TrpHis: 0.076 ± 0.004	0.485TrpIle: 0.485 ± 0.016	0.635TrpLys: 0.635 ± 0.016	0.424TrpLeu: 0.424 ± 0.013	0.098TrpMet: 0.098 ± 0.005	0.524TrpAsn: 0.524 ± 0.012	0.096TrpPro: 0.096 ± 0.005	0.087TrpGln: 0.087 ± 0.005	0.171TrpArg: 0.171 ± 0.007	0.311TrpSer: 0.311 ± 0.01	0.191TrpThr: 0.191 ± 0.008	0.229TrpVal: 0.229 ± 0.007	0.078TrpTrp: 0.078 ± 0.005	0.211TrpTyr: 0.211 ± 0.008	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.112TyrAla: 1.112 ± 0.016	0.842TyrCys: 0.842 ± 0.016	4.409TyrAsp: 4.409 ± 0.046	3.923TyrGlu: 3.923 ± 0.038	3.021TyrPhe: 3.021 ± 0.037	1.504TyrGly: 1.504 ± 0.023	1.309TyrHis: 1.309 ± 0.025	6.154TyrIle: 6.154 ± 0.071	5.682TyrLys: 5.682 ± 0.047	4.428TyrLeu: 4.428 ± 0.043	1.411TyrMet: 1.411 ± 0.021	7.87TyrAsn: 7.87 ± 0.085	1.124TyrPro: 1.124 ± 0.018	1.2TyrGln: 1.2 ± 0.02	1.275TyrArg: 1.275 ± 0.02	3.454TyrSer: 3.454 ± 0.039	2.265TyrThr: 2.265 ± 0.026	2.424TyrVal: 2.424 ± 0.029	0.218TyrTrp: 0.218 ± 0.008	3.469TyrTyr: 3.469 ± 0.044	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.0XaaAla: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGlu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGly: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaIle: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLeu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPro: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGln: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaArg: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaSer: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaVal: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTyr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0

Statistics based on 5388 proteins (4118803 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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