Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Lactuca saligna (Willowleaf lettuce)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	4.707AlaAla: 4.707 ± 0.025	1.051AlaCys: 1.051 ± 0.008	2.695AlaAsp: 2.695 ± 0.015	3.195AlaGlu: 3.195 ± 0.015	2.457AlaPhe: 2.457 ± 0.013	3.2AlaGly: 3.2 ± 0.018	1.224AlaHis: 1.224 ± 0.009	3.628AlaIle: 3.628 ± 0.017	3.507AlaLys: 3.507 ± 0.015	5.452AlaLeu: 5.452 ± 0.022	1.643AlaMet: 1.643 ± 0.01	2.513AlaAsn: 2.513 ± 0.013	2.422AlaPro: 2.422 ± 0.017	1.713AlaGln: 1.713 ± 0.011	2.8AlaArg: 2.8 ± 0.014	5.081AlaSer: 5.081 ± 0.02	3.566AlaThr: 3.566 ± 0.018	3.867AlaVal: 3.867 ± 0.018	0.64AlaTrp: 0.64 ± 0.007	1.717AlaTyr: 1.717 ± 0.01	0.001AlaXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Cys	0.85CysAla: 0.85 ± 0.008	0.501CysCys: 0.501 ± 0.006	0.924CysAsp: 0.924 ± 0.008	0.924CysGlu: 0.924 ± 0.008	0.911CysPhe: 0.911 ± 0.007	1.328CysGly: 1.328 ± 0.01	0.47CysHis: 0.47 ± 0.006	1.015CysIle: 1.015 ± 0.008	1.185CysLys: 1.185 ± 0.01	1.838CysLeu: 1.838 ± 0.013	0.466CysMet: 0.466 ± 0.006	0.898CysAsn: 0.898 ± 0.009	0.886CysPro: 0.886 ± 0.012	0.519CysGln: 0.519 ± 0.006	1.006CysArg: 1.006 ± 0.009	1.699CysSer: 1.699 ± 0.011	0.807CysThr: 0.807 ± 0.008	1.095CysVal: 1.095 ± 0.008	0.252CysTrp: 0.252 ± 0.004	0.595CysTyr: 0.595 ± 0.006	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	3.156AspAla: 3.156 ± 0.016	0.918AspCys: 0.918 ± 0.007	4.555AspAsp: 4.555 ± 0.024	4.596AspGlu: 4.596 ± 0.02	2.536AspPhe: 2.536 ± 0.013	3.606AspGly: 3.606 ± 0.019	1.464AspHis: 1.464 ± 0.01	3.269AspIle: 3.269 ± 0.015	2.863AspLys: 2.863 ± 0.016	5.182AspLeu: 5.182 ± 0.02	1.558AspMet: 1.558 ± 0.011	2.42AspAsn: 2.42 ± 0.012	2.627AspPro: 2.627 ± 0.015	1.86AspGln: 1.86 ± 0.013	2.149AspArg: 2.149 ± 0.012	4.159AspSer: 4.159 ± 0.017	2.431AspThr: 2.431 ± 0.012	4.034AspVal: 4.034 ± 0.015	0.692AspTrp: 0.692 ± 0.006	1.678AspTyr: 1.678 ± 0.011	0.0AspXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Glu	4.2GluAla: 4.2 ± 0.02	0.899GluCys: 0.899 ± 0.008	4.275GluAsp: 4.275 ± 0.022	6.285GluGlu: 6.285 ± 0.035	2.608GluPhe: 2.608 ± 0.012	3.716GluGly: 3.716 ± 0.017	1.427GluHis: 1.427 ± 0.011	4.035GluIle: 4.035 ± 0.018	4.989GluLys: 4.989 ± 0.022	5.7GluLeu: 5.7 ± 0.024	1.891GluMet: 1.891 ± 0.014	3.327GluAsn: 3.327 ± 0.017	2.104GluPro: 2.104 ± 0.013	1.984GluGln: 1.984 ± 0.012	3.039GluArg: 3.039 ± 0.017	4.795GluSer: 4.795 ± 0.021	3.264GluThr: 3.264 ± 0.016	4.365GluVal: 4.365 ± 0.02	0.761GluTrp: 0.761 ± 0.006	1.732GluTyr: 1.732 ± 0.012	0.0GluXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Phe	2.192PheAla: 2.192 ± 0.013	0.875PheCys: 0.875 ± 0.007	2.538PheAsp: 2.538 ± 0.013	2.467PheGlu: 2.467 ± 0.012	2.057PhePhe: 2.057 ± 0.012	3.038PheGly: 3.038 ± 0.014	1.253PheHis: 1.253 ± 0.008	2.348PheIle: 2.348 ± 0.013	2.382PheLys: 2.382 ± 0.014	4.44PheLeu: 4.44 ± 0.019	1.069PheMet: 1.069 ± 0.007	1.976PheAsn: 1.976 ± 0.012	2.161PhePro: 2.161 ± 0.012	1.644PheGln: 1.644 ± 0.01	2.032PheArg: 2.032 ± 0.012	3.987PheSer: 3.987 ± 0.017	2.226PheThr: 2.226 ± 0.012	2.802PheVal: 2.802 ± 0.014	0.587PheTrp: 0.587 ± 0.006	1.334PheTyr: 1.334 ± 0.01	0.001PheXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Gly	3.207GlyAla: 3.207 ± 0.016	1.277GlyCys: 1.277 ± 0.012	3.478GlyAsp: 3.478 ± 0.019	3.558GlyGlu: 3.558 ± 0.013	3.102GlyPhe: 3.102 ± 0.016	5.681GlyGly: 5.681 ± 0.043	1.471GlyHis: 1.471 ± 0.009	3.601GlyIle: 3.601 ± 0.016	4.013GlyLys: 4.013 ± 0.016	5.372GlyLeu: 5.372 ± 0.02	1.509GlyMet: 1.509 ± 0.01	3.163GlyAsn: 3.163 ± 0.017	2.189GlyPro: 2.189 ± 0.013	1.889GlyGln: 1.889 ± 0.012	3.356GlyArg: 3.356 ± 0.016	5.472GlySer: 5.472 ± 0.021	2.928GlyThr: 2.928 ± 0.014	4.323GlyVal: 4.323 ± 0.02	0.866GlyTrp: 0.866 ± 0.008	2.081GlyTyr: 2.081 ± 0.014	0.001GlyXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
His	1.266HisAla: 1.266 ± 0.009	0.471HisCys: 0.471 ± 0.005	1.35HisAsp: 1.35 ± 0.008	1.555HisGlu: 1.555 ± 0.011	1.141HisPhe: 1.141 ± 0.009	1.714HisGly: 1.714 ± 0.011	1.168HisHis: 1.168 ± 0.01	1.39HisIle: 1.39 ± 0.008	1.4HisLys: 1.4 ± 0.01	2.561HisLeu: 2.561 ± 0.015	0.635HisMet: 0.635 ± 0.006	1.188HisAsn: 1.188 ± 0.009	1.398HisPro: 1.398 ± 0.01	1.105HisGln: 1.105 ± 0.008	1.474HisArg: 1.474 ± 0.012	1.871HisSer: 1.871 ± 0.012	1.144HisThr: 1.144 ± 0.008	1.647HisVal: 1.647 ± 0.011	0.325HisTrp: 0.325 ± 0.004	0.74HisTyr: 0.74 ± 0.007	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	3.322IleAla: 3.322 ± 0.016	1.186IleCys: 1.186 ± 0.008	3.377IleAsp: 3.377 ± 0.014	3.591IleGlu: 3.591 ± 0.016	2.408IlePhe: 2.408 ± 0.013	3.678IleGly: 3.678 ± 0.016	1.561IleHis: 1.561 ± 0.011	3.247IleIle: 3.247 ± 0.014	3.437IleLys: 3.437 ± 0.017	5.462IleLeu: 5.462 ± 0.02	1.328IleMet: 1.328 ± 0.009	2.624IleAsn: 2.624 ± 0.012	3.378IlePro: 3.378 ± 0.017	2.197IleGln: 2.197 ± 0.012	2.847IleArg: 2.847 ± 0.014	5.139IleSer: 5.139 ± 0.019	3.103IleThr: 3.103 ± 0.015	3.695IleVal: 3.695 ± 0.016	0.731IleTrp: 0.731 ± 0.006	1.709IleTyr: 1.709 ± 0.012	0.001IleXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Lys	3.729LysAla: 3.729 ± 0.016	1.073LysCys: 1.073 ± 0.009	3.492LysAsp: 3.492 ± 0.016	4.988LysGlu: 4.988 ± 0.026	2.379LysPhe: 2.379 ± 0.012	3.775LysGly: 3.775 ± 0.019	1.529LysHis: 1.529 ± 0.01	3.766LysIle: 3.766 ± 0.015	5.726LysLys: 5.726 ± 0.029	6.126LysLeu: 6.126 ± 0.023	1.76LysMet: 1.76 ± 0.011	3.118LysAsn: 3.118 ± 0.014	2.767LysPro: 2.767 ± 0.015	2.344LysGln: 2.344 ± 0.013	3.715LysArg: 3.715 ± 0.016	4.947LysSer: 4.947 ± 0.019	3.353LysThr: 3.353 ± 0.016	4.135LysVal: 4.135 ± 0.019	0.885LysTrp: 0.885 ± 0.007	1.732LysTyr: 1.732 ± 0.009	0.001LysXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Leu	5.353LeuAla: 5.353 ± 0.021	1.74LeuCys: 1.74 ± 0.011	5.193LeuAsp: 5.193 ± 0.02	6.202LeuGlu: 6.202 ± 0.026	3.931LeuPhe: 3.931 ± 0.019	5.317LeuGly: 5.317 ± 0.022	2.704LeuHis: 2.704 ± 0.013	4.975LeuIle: 4.975 ± 0.022	6.497LeuLys: 6.497 ± 0.023	9.41LeuLeu: 9.41 ± 0.032	2.269LeuMet: 2.269 ± 0.013	4.214LeuAsn: 4.214 ± 0.019	4.849LeuPro: 4.849 ± 0.019	4.05LeuGln: 4.05 ± 0.019	4.822LeuArg: 4.822 ± 0.02	8.117LeuSer: 8.117 ± 0.031	4.731LeuThr: 4.731 ± 0.018	5.994LeuVal: 5.994 ± 0.022	1.142LeuTrp: 1.142 ± 0.009	2.5LeuTyr: 2.5 ± 0.013	0.001LeuXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Met	1.949MetAla: 1.949 ± 0.011	0.351MetCys: 0.351 ± 0.005	1.536MetAsp: 1.536 ± 0.01	2.201MetGlu: 2.201 ± 0.011	0.979MetPhe: 0.979 ± 0.008	1.621MetGly: 1.621 ± 0.01	0.557MetHis: 0.557 ± 0.005	1.478MetIle: 1.478 ± 0.01	2.055MetLys: 2.055 ± 0.012	2.299MetLeu: 2.299 ± 0.013	0.842MetMet: 0.842 ± 0.008	1.271MetAsn: 1.271 ± 0.008	0.976MetPro: 0.976 ± 0.008	0.843MetGln: 0.843 ± 0.007	1.17MetArg: 1.17 ± 0.008	1.89MetSer: 1.89 ± 0.011	1.159MetThr: 1.159 ± 0.007	1.852MetVal: 1.852 ± 0.01	0.33MetTrp: 0.33 ± 0.005	0.675MetTyr: 0.675 ± 0.007	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	2.377AsnAla: 2.377 ± 0.012	0.818AsnCys: 0.818 ± 0.007	2.568AsnAsp: 2.568 ± 0.015	3.015AsnGlu: 3.015 ± 0.015	2.069AsnPhe: 2.069 ± 0.012	3.343AsnGly: 3.343 ± 0.015	1.381AsnHis: 1.381 ± 0.01	2.897AsnIle: 2.897 ± 0.014	2.882AsnLys: 2.882 ± 0.013	4.971AsnLeu: 4.971 ± 0.022	1.312AsnMet: 1.312 ± 0.009	2.845AsnAsn: 2.845 ± 0.018	2.626AsnPro: 2.626 ± 0.015	1.934AsnGln: 1.934 ± 0.012	2.145AsnArg: 2.145 ± 0.012	3.928AsnSer: 3.928 ± 0.02	2.358AsnThr: 2.358 ± 0.012	3.006AsnVal: 3.006 ± 0.015	0.606AsnTrp: 0.606 ± 0.006	1.368AsnTyr: 1.368 ± 0.008	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	2.37ProAla: 2.37 ± 0.014	0.742ProCys: 0.742 ± 0.008	2.34ProAsp: 2.34 ± 0.011	2.97ProGlu: 2.97 ± 0.016	2.051ProPhe: 2.051 ± 0.013	2.311ProGly: 2.311 ± 0.015	1.172ProHis: 1.172 ± 0.009	2.786ProIle: 2.786 ± 0.014	2.879ProLys: 2.879 ± 0.013	4.191ProLeu: 4.191 ± 0.019	1.072ProMet: 1.072 ± 0.008	2.483ProAsn: 2.483 ± 0.015	4.361ProPro: 4.361 ± 0.054	1.796ProGln: 1.796 ± 0.014	2.152ProArg: 2.152 ± 0.013	4.895ProSer: 4.895 ± 0.021	3.009ProThr: 3.009 ± 0.018	2.989ProVal: 2.989 ± 0.017	0.556ProTrp: 0.556 ± 0.006	1.327ProTyr: 1.327 ± 0.01	0.001ProXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Gln	1.877GlnAla: 1.877 ± 0.011	0.578GlnCys: 0.578 ± 0.006	1.715GlnAsp: 1.715 ± 0.011	2.435GlnGlu: 2.435 ± 0.015	1.388GlnPhe: 1.388 ± 0.01	1.967GlnGly: 1.967 ± 0.013	0.959GlnHis: 0.959 ± 0.008	2.142GlnIle: 2.142 ± 0.013	2.464GlnLys: 2.464 ± 0.012	3.424GlnLeu: 3.424 ± 0.018	1.002GlnMet: 1.002 ± 0.008	1.779GlnAsn: 1.779 ± 0.011	1.745GlnPro: 1.745 ± 0.015	1.988GlnGln: 1.988 ± 0.026	1.883GlnArg: 1.883 ± 0.013	2.755GlnSer: 2.755 ± 0.016	1.861GlnThr: 1.861 ± 0.013	2.303GlnVal: 2.303 ± 0.013	0.451GlnTrp: 0.451 ± 0.005	0.939GlnTyr: 0.939 ± 0.007	0.001GlnXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Arg	2.699ArgAla: 2.699 ± 0.014	0.966ArgCys: 0.966 ± 0.008	2.467ArgAsp: 2.467 ± 0.012	2.915ArgGlu: 2.915 ± 0.014	2.315ArgPhe: 2.315 ± 0.011	2.905ArgGly: 2.905 ± 0.016	1.24ArgHis: 1.24 ± 0.01	2.928ArgIle: 2.928 ± 0.014	3.808ArgLys: 3.808 ± 0.016	4.727ArgLeu: 4.727 ± 0.018	1.323ArgMet: 1.323 ± 0.008	2.462ArgAsn: 2.462 ± 0.012	2.022ArgPro: 2.022 ± 0.012	1.599ArgGln: 1.599 ± 0.011	3.657ArgArg: 3.657 ± 0.023	4.142ArgSer: 4.142 ± 0.019	2.318ArgThr: 2.318 ± 0.012	3.173ArgVal: 3.173 ± 0.015	0.762ArgTrp: 0.762 ± 0.007	1.438ArgTyr: 1.438 ± 0.01	0.001ArgXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Ser	4.148SerAla: 4.148 ± 0.019	1.664SerCys: 1.664 ± 0.011	4.445SerAsp: 4.445 ± 0.018	4.594SerGlu: 4.594 ± 0.019	4.108SerPhe: 4.108 ± 0.016	5.44SerGly: 5.44 ± 0.023	2.043SerHis: 2.043 ± 0.013	5.036SerIle: 5.036 ± 0.018	5.218SerLys: 5.218 ± 0.02	8.242SerLeu: 8.242 ± 0.031	2.17SerMet: 2.17 ± 0.014	4.364SerAsn: 4.364 ± 0.02	4.389SerPro: 4.389 ± 0.026	2.912SerGln: 2.912 ± 0.015	4.128SerArg: 4.128 ± 0.018	10.343SerSer: 10.343 ± 0.038	4.973SerThr: 4.973 ± 0.022	4.825SerVal: 4.825 ± 0.018	1.154SerTrp: 1.154 ± 0.009	2.39SerTyr: 2.39 ± 0.012	0.001SerXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Thr	2.867ThrAla: 2.867 ± 0.015	1.021ThrCys: 1.021 ± 0.008	2.375ThrAsp: 2.375 ± 0.014	2.806ThrGlu: 2.806 ± 0.015	2.271ThrPhe: 2.271 ± 0.013	3.16ThrGly: 3.16 ± 0.015	1.233ThrHis: 1.233 ± 0.008	3.291ThrIle: 3.291 ± 0.015	3.193ThrLys: 3.193 ± 0.016	4.758ThrLeu: 4.758 ± 0.017	1.349ThrMet: 1.349 ± 0.008	2.623ThrAsn: 2.623 ± 0.013	2.967ThrPro: 2.967 ± 0.019	1.77ThrGln: 1.77 ± 0.01	2.488ThrArg: 2.488 ± 0.013	5.006ThrSer: 5.006 ± 0.023	3.945ThrThr: 3.945 ± 0.023	3.132ThrVal: 3.132 ± 0.015	0.734ThrTrp: 0.734 ± 0.007	1.566ThrTyr: 1.566 ± 0.011	0.001ThrXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Val	4.388ValAla: 4.388 ± 0.019	1.147ValCys: 1.147 ± 0.008	4.133ValAsp: 4.133 ± 0.018	4.557ValGlu: 4.557 ± 0.022	2.804ValPhe: 2.804 ± 0.014	4.012ValGly: 4.012 ± 0.019	1.599ValHis: 1.599 ± 0.01	3.694ValIle: 3.694 ± 0.017	4.14ValLys: 4.14 ± 0.018	5.86ValLeu: 5.86 ± 0.023	1.627ValMet: 1.627 ± 0.011	2.972ValAsn: 2.972 ± 0.012	2.843ValPro: 2.843 ± 0.015	2.106ValGln: 2.106 ± 0.011	2.83ValArg: 2.83 ± 0.013	5.208ValSer: 5.208 ± 0.018	3.246ValThr: 3.246 ± 0.017	5.271ValVal: 5.271 ± 0.023	0.744ValTrp: 0.744 ± 0.006	2.04ValTyr: 2.04 ± 0.011	0.002ValXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Trp	0.71TrpAla: 0.71 ± 0.008	0.284TrpCys: 0.284 ± 0.004	0.681TrpAsp: 0.681 ± 0.007	0.778TrpGlu: 0.778 ± 0.007	0.61TrpPhe: 0.61 ± 0.006	0.708TrpGly: 0.708 ± 0.007	0.279TrpHis: 0.279 ± 0.004	0.809TrpIle: 0.809 ± 0.008	1.008TrpLys: 1.008 ± 0.008	1.209TrpLeu: 1.209 ± 0.01	0.382TrpMet: 0.382 ± 0.005	0.734TrpAsn: 0.734 ± 0.008	0.451TrpPro: 0.451 ± 0.005	0.401TrpGln: 0.401 ± 0.005	0.808TrpArg: 0.808 ± 0.007	0.966TrpSer: 0.966 ± 0.009	0.627TrpThr: 0.627 ± 0.006	0.837TrpVal: 0.837 ± 0.007	0.257TrpTrp: 0.257 ± 0.004	0.353TrpTyr: 0.353 ± 0.004	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.713TyrAla: 1.713 ± 0.011	0.609TyrCys: 0.609 ± 0.007	1.616TyrAsp: 1.616 ± 0.01	1.763TyrGlu: 1.763 ± 0.01	1.284TyrPhe: 1.284 ± 0.008	2.014TyrGly: 2.014 ± 0.014	0.807TyrHis: 0.807 ± 0.008	1.687TyrIle: 1.687 ± 0.012	1.695TyrLys: 1.695 ± 0.011	2.787TyrLeu: 2.787 ± 0.016	0.827TyrMet: 0.827 ± 0.008	1.475TyrAsn: 1.475 ± 0.011	1.29TyrPro: 1.29 ± 0.01	0.999TyrGln: 0.999 ± 0.009	1.364TyrArg: 1.364 ± 0.01	2.188TyrSer: 2.188 ± 0.012	1.505TyrThr: 1.505 ± 0.011	1.878TyrVal: 1.878 ± 0.009	0.416TyrTrp: 0.416 ± 0.005	1.013TyrTyr: 1.013 ± 0.009	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.001XaaAla: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaGlu: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaPhe: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaGly: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaIle: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaLys: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaLeu: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaMet: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaAsn: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaPro: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGln: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaArg: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaSer: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaThr: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaVal: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaTyr: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.075XaaXaa: 0.075 ± 0.009

Statistics based on 44179 proteins (16484648 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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