Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Pteropus alecto (Black flying fox)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	6.851AlaAla: 6.851 ± 0.047	1.483AlaCys: 1.483 ± 0.015	2.955AlaAsp: 2.955 ± 0.021	4.836AlaGlu: 4.836 ± 0.035	2.713AlaPhe: 2.713 ± 0.022	4.926AlaGly: 4.926 ± 0.039	1.634AlaHis: 1.634 ± 0.015	2.778AlaIle: 2.778 ± 0.018	3.373AlaLys: 3.373 ± 0.025	7.49AlaLeu: 7.49 ± 0.043	1.511AlaMet: 1.511 ± 0.016	2.0AlaAsn: 2.0 ± 0.019	4.411AlaPro: 4.411 ± 0.04	3.315AlaGln: 3.315 ± 0.026	3.908AlaArg: 3.908 ± 0.024	5.918AlaSer: 5.918 ± 0.032	3.652AlaThr: 3.652 ± 0.026	4.856AlaVal: 4.856 ± 0.026	0.866AlaTrp: 0.866 ± 0.012	1.545AlaTyr: 1.545 ± 0.012	0.009AlaXaa: 0.009 ± 0.001
Cys	1.338CysAla: 1.338 ± 0.013	0.609CysCys: 0.609 ± 0.011	1.02CysAsp: 1.02 ± 0.014	1.266CysGlu: 1.266 ± 0.016	0.841CysPhe: 0.841 ± 0.01	1.797CysGly: 1.797 ± 0.029	0.679CysHis: 0.679 ± 0.009	0.906CysIle: 0.906 ± 0.011	1.1CysLys: 1.1 ± 0.014	2.192CysLeu: 2.192 ± 0.019	0.418CysMet: 0.418 ± 0.007	0.775CysAsn: 0.775 ± 0.012	1.46CysPro: 1.46 ± 0.018	1.066CysGln: 1.066 ± 0.014	1.342CysArg: 1.342 ± 0.016	2.026CysSer: 2.026 ± 0.02	1.103CysThr: 1.103 ± 0.011	1.306CysVal: 1.306 ± 0.018	0.304CysTrp: 0.304 ± 0.005	0.576CysTyr: 0.576 ± 0.009	0.001CysXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Asp	2.882AspAla: 2.882 ± 0.019	1.052AspCys: 1.052 ± 0.014	2.564AspAsp: 2.564 ± 0.023	3.367AspGlu: 3.367 ± 0.026	2.096AspPhe: 2.096 ± 0.017	3.266AspGly: 3.266 ± 0.028	1.134AspHis: 1.134 ± 0.012	2.563AspIle: 2.563 ± 0.021	2.438AspLys: 2.438 ± 0.023	4.994AspLeu: 4.994 ± 0.028	1.109AspMet: 1.109 ± 0.012	1.642AspAsn: 1.642 ± 0.018	2.925AspPro: 2.925 ± 0.018	1.804AspGln: 1.804 ± 0.017	2.483AspArg: 2.483 ± 0.019	4.136AspSer: 4.136 ± 0.026	2.468AspThr: 2.468 ± 0.02	3.085AspVal: 3.085 ± 0.024	0.627AspTrp: 0.627 ± 0.01	1.419AspTyr: 1.419 ± 0.013	0.002AspXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Glu	5.385GluAla: 5.385 ± 0.035	1.409GluCys: 1.409 ± 0.023	4.359GluAsp: 4.359 ± 0.028	7.767GluGlu: 7.767 ± 0.066	2.006GluPhe: 2.006 ± 0.017	4.217GluGly: 4.217 ± 0.025	1.498GluHis: 1.498 ± 0.015	3.035GluIle: 3.035 ± 0.029	5.273GluLys: 5.273 ± 0.045	6.407GluLeu: 6.407 ± 0.03	1.623GluMet: 1.623 ± 0.015	3.027GluAsn: 3.027 ± 0.023	3.301GluPro: 3.301 ± 0.034	3.14GluGln: 3.14 ± 0.029	3.987GluArg: 3.987 ± 0.031	4.305GluSer: 4.305 ± 0.027	3.36GluThr: 3.36 ± 0.026	4.194GluVal: 4.194 ± 0.031	0.699GluTrp: 0.699 ± 0.008	1.509GluTyr: 1.509 ± 0.02	0.003GluXaa: 0.003 ± 0.001
Phe	2.013PheAla: 2.013 ± 0.017	0.958PheCys: 0.958 ± 0.012	1.641PheAsp: 1.641 ± 0.014	1.973PheGlu: 1.973 ± 0.017	1.614PhePhe: 1.614 ± 0.018	2.222PheGly: 2.222 ± 0.021	1.03PheHis: 1.03 ± 0.013	1.791PheIle: 1.791 ± 0.014	1.728PheLys: 1.728 ± 0.016	4.154PheLeu: 4.154 ± 0.032	0.759PheMet: 0.759 ± 0.01	1.288PheAsn: 1.288 ± 0.015	2.012PhePro: 2.012 ± 0.015	1.783PheGln: 1.783 ± 0.015	1.981PheArg: 1.981 ± 0.019	3.455PheSer: 3.455 ± 0.025	1.998PheThr: 1.998 ± 0.015	2.157PheVal: 2.157 ± 0.016	0.493PheTrp: 0.493 ± 0.008	1.191PheTyr: 1.191 ± 0.014	0.002PheXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Gly	4.686GlyAla: 4.686 ± 0.036	1.335GlyCys: 1.335 ± 0.015	3.144GlyAsp: 3.144 ± 0.025	4.108GlyGlu: 4.108 ± 0.028	2.425GlyPhe: 2.425 ± 0.024	5.136GlyGly: 5.136 ± 0.048	1.758GlyHis: 1.758 ± 0.018	2.664GlyIle: 2.664 ± 0.02	3.696GlyLys: 3.696 ± 0.029	6.133GlyLeu: 6.133 ± 0.042	1.258GlyMet: 1.258 ± 0.014	2.264GlyAsn: 2.264 ± 0.018	4.43GlyPro: 4.43 ± 0.055	2.805GlyGln: 2.805 ± 0.021	3.936GlyArg: 3.936 ± 0.03	5.817GlySer: 5.817 ± 0.036	3.634GlyThr: 3.634 ± 0.028	3.626GlyVal: 3.626 ± 0.024	0.83GlyTrp: 0.83 ± 0.011	1.671GlyTyr: 1.671 ± 0.018	0.007GlyXaa: 0.007 ± 0.001
His	1.388HisAla: 1.388 ± 0.012	0.736HisCys: 0.736 ± 0.011	0.88HisAsp: 0.88 ± 0.009	1.308HisGlu: 1.308 ± 0.014	1.096HisPhe: 1.096 ± 0.012	1.6HisGly: 1.6 ± 0.015	0.889HisHis: 0.889 ± 0.013	1.201HisIle: 1.201 ± 0.012	1.217HisLys: 1.217 ± 0.012	3.004HisLeu: 3.004 ± 0.024	0.584HisMet: 0.584 ± 0.008	0.825HisAsn: 0.825 ± 0.011	1.699HisPro: 1.699 ± 0.015	1.342HisGln: 1.342 ± 0.019	1.655HisArg: 1.655 ± 0.017	2.288HisSer: 2.288 ± 0.019	1.538HisThr: 1.538 ± 0.021	1.566HisVal: 1.566 ± 0.013	0.357HisTrp: 0.357 ± 0.007	0.798HisTyr: 0.798 ± 0.01	0.001HisXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Ile	2.517IleAla: 2.517 ± 0.018	1.072IleCys: 1.072 ± 0.013	1.947IleAsp: 1.947 ± 0.019	2.476IleGlu: 2.476 ± 0.022	1.865IlePhe: 1.865 ± 0.019	2.141IleGly: 2.141 ± 0.018	1.321IleHis: 1.321 ± 0.015	2.297IleIle: 2.297 ± 0.025	2.474IleLys: 2.474 ± 0.022	4.527IleLeu: 4.527 ± 0.031	0.964IleMet: 0.964 ± 0.011	1.743IleAsn: 1.743 ± 0.017	2.502IlePro: 2.502 ± 0.019	2.205IleGln: 2.205 ± 0.017	2.342IleArg: 2.342 ± 0.018	3.631IleSer: 3.631 ± 0.033	2.485IleThr: 2.485 ± 0.027	2.432IleVal: 2.432 ± 0.022	0.501IleTrp: 0.501 ± 0.008	1.36IleTyr: 1.36 ± 0.013	0.002IleXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Lys	4.05LysAla: 4.05 ± 0.029	1.101LysCys: 1.101 ± 0.014	3.028LysAsp: 3.028 ± 0.028	4.973LysGlu: 4.973 ± 0.041	1.665LysPhe: 1.665 ± 0.015	3.154LysGly: 3.154 ± 0.029	1.352LysHis: 1.352 ± 0.015	2.651LysIle: 2.651 ± 0.024	4.544LysLys: 4.544 ± 0.041	5.038LysLeu: 5.038 ± 0.034	1.424LysMet: 1.424 ± 0.016	2.285LysAsn: 2.285 ± 0.02	3.025LysPro: 3.025 ± 0.032	2.51LysGln: 2.51 ± 0.022	3.202LysArg: 3.202 ± 0.021	3.739LysSer: 3.739 ± 0.027	2.983LysThr: 2.983 ± 0.022	3.37LysVal: 3.37 ± 0.027	0.582LysTrp: 0.582 ± 0.009	1.496LysTyr: 1.496 ± 0.017	0.003LysXaa: 0.003 ± 0.001
Leu	7.12LeuAla: 7.12 ± 0.049	2.264LeuCys: 2.264 ± 0.019	4.774LeuAsp: 4.774 ± 0.026	7.142LeuGlu: 7.142 ± 0.042	3.395LeuPhe: 3.395 ± 0.028	6.193LeuGly: 6.193 ± 0.041	2.766LeuHis: 2.766 ± 0.021	3.83LeuIle: 3.83 ± 0.026	5.618LeuLys: 5.618 ± 0.032	10.961LeuLeu: 10.961 ± 0.068	2.015LeuMet: 2.015 ± 0.023	3.414LeuAsn: 3.414 ± 0.024	6.166LeuPro: 6.166 ± 0.035	5.764LeuGln: 5.764 ± 0.039	6.16LeuArg: 6.16 ± 0.037	8.2LeuSer: 8.2 ± 0.039	5.132LeuThr: 5.132 ± 0.028	5.69LeuVal: 5.69 ± 0.034	1.182LeuTrp: 1.182 ± 0.013	2.537LeuTyr: 2.537 ± 0.022	0.007LeuXaa: 0.007 ± 0.001
Met	1.951MetAla: 1.951 ± 0.016	0.39MetCys: 0.39 ± 0.006	1.223MetAsp: 1.223 ± 0.013	1.799MetGlu: 1.799 ± 0.015	0.71MetPhe: 0.71 ± 0.009	1.309MetGly: 1.309 ± 0.021	0.461MetHis: 0.461 ± 0.007	0.815MetIle: 0.815 ± 0.009	1.382MetLys: 1.382 ± 0.012	1.994MetLeu: 1.994 ± 0.017	0.538MetMet: 0.538 ± 0.007	0.851MetAsn: 0.851 ± 0.013	1.101MetPro: 1.101 ± 0.019	0.906MetGln: 0.906 ± 0.011	1.049MetArg: 1.049 ± 0.01	1.525MetSer: 1.525 ± 0.013	1.105MetThr: 1.105 ± 0.012	1.382MetVal: 1.382 ± 0.014	0.237MetTrp: 0.237 ± 0.005	0.581MetTyr: 0.581 ± 0.009	0.001MetXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Asn	2.014AsnAla: 2.014 ± 0.018	0.809AsnCys: 0.809 ± 0.011	1.455AsnAsp: 1.455 ± 0.016	2.149AsnGlu: 2.149 ± 0.019	1.419AsnPhe: 1.419 ± 0.014	2.312AsnGly: 2.312 ± 0.022	0.928AsnHis: 0.928 ± 0.013	2.019AsnIle: 2.019 ± 0.02	2.11AsnLys: 2.11 ± 0.018	3.647AsnLeu: 3.647 ± 0.024	0.886AsnMet: 0.886 ± 0.015	1.439AsnAsn: 1.439 ± 0.017	2.139AsnPro: 2.139 ± 0.017	1.586AsnGln: 1.586 ± 0.016	1.792AsnArg: 1.792 ± 0.015	2.982AsnSer: 2.982 ± 0.024	1.848AsnThr: 1.848 ± 0.017	2.144AsnVal: 2.144 ± 0.017	0.433AsnTrp: 0.433 ± 0.006	1.054AsnTyr: 1.054 ± 0.013	0.001AsnXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Pro	5.051ProAla: 5.051 ± 0.044	1.201ProCys: 1.201 ± 0.016	2.817ProAsp: 2.817 ± 0.025	4.511ProGlu: 4.511 ± 0.037	1.959ProPhe: 1.959 ± 0.015	5.264ProGly: 5.264 ± 0.061	1.492ProHis: 1.492 ± 0.016	1.839ProIle: 1.839 ± 0.021	2.772ProLys: 2.772 ± 0.031	5.476ProLeu: 5.476 ± 0.032	1.087ProMet: 1.087 ± 0.012	1.776ProAsn: 1.776 ± 0.015	6.074ProPro: 6.074 ± 0.071	2.883ProGln: 2.883 ± 0.023	3.594ProArg: 3.594 ± 0.032	5.78ProSer: 5.78 ± 0.038	3.153ProThr: 3.153 ± 0.06	3.871ProVal: 3.871 ± 0.034	0.733ProTrp: 0.733 ± 0.009	1.507ProTyr: 1.507 ± 0.019	0.006ProXaa: 0.006 ± 0.001
Gln	3.615GlnAla: 3.615 ± 0.032	0.929GlnCys: 0.929 ± 0.013	2.339GlnAsp: 2.339 ± 0.017	3.864GlnGlu: 3.864 ± 0.033	1.337GlnPhe: 1.337 ± 0.013	2.885GlnGly: 2.885 ± 0.023	1.302GlnHis: 1.302 ± 0.015	1.931GlnIle: 1.931 ± 0.014	2.865GlnLys: 2.865 ± 0.023	4.788GlnLeu: 4.788 ± 0.034	1.072GlnMet: 1.072 ± 0.011	1.781GlnAsn: 1.781 ± 0.016	2.804GlnPro: 2.804 ± 0.027	2.893GlnGln: 2.893 ± 0.039	3.029GlnArg: 3.029 ± 0.026	3.063GlnSer: 3.063 ± 0.022	2.263GlnThr: 2.263 ± 0.019	2.867GlnVal: 2.867 ± 0.021	0.535GlnTrp: 0.535 ± 0.007	1.099GlnTyr: 1.099 ± 0.012	0.003GlnXaa: 0.003 ± 0.001
Arg	4.185ArgAla: 4.185 ± 0.025	1.244ArgCys: 1.244 ± 0.016	2.803ArgAsp: 2.803 ± 0.022	4.048ArgGlu: 4.048 ± 0.028	1.875ArgPhe: 1.875 ± 0.016	3.791ArgGly: 3.791 ± 0.031	1.595ArgHis: 1.595 ± 0.016	2.364ArgIle: 2.364 ± 0.018	3.593ArgLys: 3.593 ± 0.022	5.591ArgLeu: 5.591 ± 0.031	1.176ArgMet: 1.176 ± 0.014	2.063ArgAsn: 2.063 ± 0.015	3.449ArgPro: 3.449 ± 0.027	2.65ArgGln: 2.65 ± 0.023	4.471ArgArg: 4.471 ± 0.033	4.328ArgSer: 4.328 ± 0.038	2.83ArgThr: 2.83 ± 0.02	3.31ArgVal: 3.31 ± 0.024	0.729ArgTrp: 0.729 ± 0.01	1.454ArgTyr: 1.454 ± 0.013	0.007ArgXaa: 0.007 ± 0.001
Ser	5.452SerAla: 5.452 ± 0.031	1.846SerCys: 1.846 ± 0.017	3.824SerAsp: 3.824 ± 0.027	5.166SerGlu: 5.166 ± 0.031	3.046SerPhe: 3.046 ± 0.019	5.679SerGly: 5.679 ± 0.032	2.18SerHis: 2.18 ± 0.019	3.124SerIle: 3.124 ± 0.021	3.944SerLys: 3.944 ± 0.027	8.311SerLeu: 8.311 ± 0.035	1.567SerMet: 1.567 ± 0.015	2.561SerAsn: 2.561 ± 0.023	6.064SerPro: 6.064 ± 0.048	3.83SerGln: 3.83 ± 0.025	4.624SerArg: 4.624 ± 0.031	9.051SerSer: 9.051 ± 0.057	4.35SerThr: 4.35 ± 0.036	4.96SerVal: 4.96 ± 0.024	1.09SerTrp: 1.09 ± 0.013	2.058SerTyr: 2.058 ± 0.016	0.005SerXaa: 0.005 ± 0.001
Thr	3.804ThrAla: 3.804 ± 0.026	1.313ThrCys: 1.313 ± 0.018	2.412ThrAsp: 2.412 ± 0.017	3.492ThrGlu: 3.492 ± 0.029	2.097ThrPhe: 2.097 ± 0.016	3.557ThrGly: 3.557 ± 0.032	1.314ThrHis: 1.314 ± 0.015	2.298ThrIle: 2.298 ± 0.024	2.559ThrLys: 2.559 ± 0.024	5.349ThrLeu: 5.349 ± 0.029	1.101ThrMet: 1.101 ± 0.014	1.65ThrAsn: 1.65 ± 0.013	3.605ThrPro: 3.605 ± 0.057	2.278ThrGln: 2.278 ± 0.017	2.519ThrArg: 2.519 ± 0.017	4.531ThrSer: 4.531 ± 0.035	2.87ThrThr: 2.87 ± 0.051	3.88ThrVal: 3.88 ± 0.031	0.684ThrTrp: 0.684 ± 0.01	1.396ThrTyr: 1.396 ± 0.015	0.004ThrXaa: 0.004 ± 0.001
Val	4.455ValAla: 4.455 ± 0.025	1.466ValCys: 1.466 ± 0.015	2.946ValAsp: 2.946 ± 0.022	3.785ValGlu: 3.785 ± 0.028	2.412ValPhe: 2.412 ± 0.02	3.498ValGly: 3.498 ± 0.023	1.585ValHis: 1.585 ± 0.014	2.866ValIle: 2.866 ± 0.021	3.269ValLys: 3.269 ± 0.025	6.388ValLeu: 6.388 ± 0.036	1.329ValMet: 1.329 ± 0.012	2.21ValAsn: 2.21 ± 0.02	3.821ValPro: 3.821 ± 0.035	2.73ValGln: 2.73 ± 0.019	3.162ValArg: 3.162 ± 0.023	4.942ValSer: 4.942 ± 0.03	3.829ValThr: 3.829 ± 0.032	4.039ValVal: 4.039 ± 0.03	0.73ValTrp: 0.73 ± 0.01	1.6ValTyr: 1.6 ± 0.013	0.003ValXaa: 0.003 ± 0.0
Trp	0.872TrpAla: 0.872 ± 0.012	0.241TrpCys: 0.241 ± 0.005	0.666TrpAsp: 0.666 ± 0.009	0.819TrpGlu: 0.819 ± 0.01	0.448TrpPhe: 0.448 ± 0.009	0.791TrpGly: 0.791 ± 0.01	0.312TrpHis: 0.312 ± 0.006	0.522TrpIle: 0.522 ± 0.007	0.789TrpLys: 0.789 ± 0.009	1.221TrpLeu: 1.221 ± 0.012	0.312TrpMet: 0.312 ± 0.005	0.518TrpAsn: 0.518 ± 0.008	0.563TrpPro: 0.563 ± 0.008	0.542TrpGln: 0.542 ± 0.007	0.765TrpArg: 0.765 ± 0.009	0.86TrpSer: 0.86 ± 0.012	0.668TrpThr: 0.668 ± 0.01	0.73TrpVal: 0.73 ± 0.01	0.191TrpTrp: 0.191 ± 0.005	0.324TrpTyr: 0.324 ± 0.006	0.001TrpXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.392TyrAla: 1.392 ± 0.014	0.666TyrCys: 0.666 ± 0.01	1.258TyrAsp: 1.258 ± 0.014	1.653TyrGlu: 1.653 ± 0.017	1.221TyrPhe: 1.221 ± 0.013	1.618TyrGly: 1.618 ± 0.015	0.741TyrHis: 0.741 ± 0.009	1.306TyrIle: 1.306 ± 0.015	1.429TyrLys: 1.429 ± 0.02	2.661TyrLeu: 2.661 ± 0.021	0.58TyrMet: 0.58 ± 0.009	1.054TyrAsn: 1.054 ± 0.012	1.286TyrPro: 1.286 ± 0.014	1.23TyrGln: 1.23 ± 0.011	1.544TyrArg: 1.544 ± 0.015	2.151TyrSer: 2.151 ± 0.018	1.442TyrThr: 1.442 ± 0.016	1.595TyrVal: 1.595 ± 0.013	0.349TyrTrp: 0.349 ± 0.007	0.908TyrTyr: 0.908 ± 0.011	0.001TyrXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.009XaaAla: 0.009 ± 0.001	0.002XaaCys: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.002XaaAsp: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.004XaaGlu: 0.004 ± 0.001	0.002XaaPhe: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.007XaaGly: 0.007 ± 0.001	0.002XaaHis: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.002XaaIle: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.002XaaLys: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.007XaaLeu: 0.007 ± 0.001	0.001XaaMet: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaAsn: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.006XaaPro: 0.006 ± 0.001	0.003XaaGln: 0.003 ± 0.001	0.007XaaArg: 0.007 ± 0.001	0.005XaaSer: 0.005 ± 0.001	0.002XaaThr: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.003XaaVal: 0.003 ± 0.001	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaTyr: 0.001 ± 0.0	2.437XaaXaa: 2.437 ± 0.199

Statistics based on 19521 proteins (9971383 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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