Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Geospiza fortis (Medium ground-finch)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	6.217AlaAla: 6.217 ± 0.056	1.336AlaCys: 1.336 ± 0.018	3.055AlaAsp: 3.055 ± 0.031	4.828AlaGlu: 4.828 ± 0.048	2.699AlaPhe: 2.699 ± 0.026	4.246AlaGly: 4.246 ± 0.037	1.414AlaHis: 1.414 ± 0.017	3.107AlaIle: 3.107 ± 0.03	3.763AlaLys: 3.763 ± 0.034	6.779AlaLeu: 6.779 ± 0.048	1.584AlaMet: 1.584 ± 0.021	2.254AlaAsn: 2.254 ± 0.025	3.185AlaPro: 3.185 ± 0.037	2.905AlaGln: 2.905 ± 0.031	3.114AlaArg: 3.114 ± 0.029	5.213AlaSer: 5.213 ± 0.041	3.295AlaThr: 3.295 ± 0.032	5.013AlaVal: 5.013 ± 0.038	0.713AlaTrp: 0.713 ± 0.016	1.598AlaTyr: 1.598 ± 0.022	0.013AlaXaa: 0.013 ± 0.002
Cys	1.208CysAla: 1.208 ± 0.019	0.681CysCys: 0.681 ± 0.017	1.001CysAsp: 1.001 ± 0.019	1.263CysGlu: 1.263 ± 0.021	0.93CysPhe: 0.93 ± 0.016	1.538CysGly: 1.538 ± 0.03	0.653CysHis: 0.653 ± 0.016	1.099CysIle: 1.099 ± 0.02	1.286CysLys: 1.286 ± 0.02	2.197CysLeu: 2.197 ± 0.026	0.487CysMet: 0.487 ± 0.01	0.902CysAsn: 0.902 ± 0.017	1.303CysPro: 1.303 ± 0.026	1.094CysGln: 1.094 ± 0.021	1.253CysArg: 1.253 ± 0.019	2.077CysSer: 2.077 ± 0.03	1.172CysThr: 1.172 ± 0.021	1.329CysVal: 1.329 ± 0.022	0.308CysTrp: 0.308 ± 0.008	0.662CysTyr: 0.662 ± 0.013	0.005CysXaa: 0.005 ± 0.001
Asp	2.913AspAla: 2.913 ± 0.026	1.078AspCys: 1.078 ± 0.018	2.797AspAsp: 2.797 ± 0.033	3.633AspGlu: 3.633 ± 0.036	2.322AspPhe: 2.322 ± 0.026	3.215AspGly: 3.215 ± 0.027	1.17AspHis: 1.17 ± 0.017	2.876AspIle: 2.876 ± 0.026	2.856AspLys: 2.856 ± 0.03	4.996AspLeu: 4.996 ± 0.038	1.252AspMet: 1.252 ± 0.018	1.915AspAsn: 1.915 ± 0.021	2.64AspPro: 2.64 ± 0.026	1.825AspGln: 1.825 ± 0.022	2.36AspArg: 2.36 ± 0.027	4.116AspSer: 4.116 ± 0.04	2.551AspThr: 2.551 ± 0.026	3.221AspVal: 3.221 ± 0.033	0.632AspTrp: 0.632 ± 0.013	1.653AspTyr: 1.653 ± 0.022	0.004AspXaa: 0.004 ± 0.001
Glu	4.787GluAla: 4.787 ± 0.047	1.271GluCys: 1.271 ± 0.023	4.539GluAsp: 4.539 ± 0.037	8.089GluGlu: 8.089 ± 0.104	2.252GluPhe: 2.252 ± 0.022	3.95GluGly: 3.95 ± 0.035	1.599GluHis: 1.599 ± 0.022	3.464GluIle: 3.464 ± 0.031	5.615GluLys: 5.615 ± 0.068	6.464GluLeu: 6.464 ± 0.06	1.853GluMet: 1.853 ± 0.023	3.474GluAsn: 3.474 ± 0.033	2.706GluPro: 2.706 ± 0.03	3.258GluGln: 3.258 ± 0.043	3.855GluArg: 3.855 ± 0.044	4.526GluSer: 4.526 ± 0.04	3.484GluThr: 3.484 ± 0.035	4.198GluVal: 4.198 ± 0.035	0.746GluTrp: 0.746 ± 0.014	1.815GluTyr: 1.815 ± 0.024	0.009GluXaa: 0.009 ± 0.002
Phe	2.187PheAla: 2.187 ± 0.027	0.997PheCys: 0.997 ± 0.017	1.85PheAsp: 1.85 ± 0.023	2.157PheGlu: 2.157 ± 0.026	1.779PhePhe: 1.779 ± 0.02	2.374PheGly: 2.374 ± 0.029	1.129PheHis: 1.129 ± 0.017	2.096PheIle: 2.096 ± 0.025	2.001PheLys: 2.001 ± 0.023	4.264PheLeu: 4.264 ± 0.04	0.868PheMet: 0.868 ± 0.015	1.502PheAsn: 1.502 ± 0.02	2.013PhePro: 2.013 ± 0.023	1.854PheGln: 1.854 ± 0.023	1.943PheArg: 1.943 ± 0.02	3.47PheSer: 3.47 ± 0.028	2.208PheThr: 2.208 ± 0.028	2.431PheVal: 2.431 ± 0.026	0.535PheTrp: 0.535 ± 0.013	1.352PheTyr: 1.352 ± 0.021	0.008PheXaa: 0.008 ± 0.001
Gly	3.852GlyAla: 3.852 ± 0.036	1.278GlyCys: 1.278 ± 0.021	3.033GlyAsp: 3.033 ± 0.033	3.788GlyGlu: 3.788 ± 0.037	2.526GlyPhe: 2.526 ± 0.028	4.081GlyGly: 4.081 ± 0.045	1.584GlyHis: 1.584 ± 0.022	3.077GlyIle: 3.077 ± 0.034	3.936GlyLys: 3.936 ± 0.035	5.243GlyLeu: 5.243 ± 0.043	1.469GlyMet: 1.469 ± 0.022	2.555GlyAsn: 2.555 ± 0.03	2.801GlyPro: 2.801 ± 0.052	2.593GlyGln: 2.593 ± 0.029	3.242GlyArg: 3.242 ± 0.028	5.294GlySer: 5.294 ± 0.048	3.522GlyThr: 3.522 ± 0.036	3.536GlyVal: 3.536 ± 0.029	0.775GlyTrp: 0.775 ± 0.017	1.895GlyTyr: 1.895 ± 0.025	0.015GlyXaa: 0.015 ± 0.002
His	1.317HisAla: 1.317 ± 0.018	0.71HisCys: 0.71 ± 0.014	0.915HisAsp: 0.915 ± 0.017	1.366HisGlu: 1.366 ± 0.019	1.115HisPhe: 1.115 ± 0.016	1.549HisGly: 1.549 ± 0.022	0.872HisHis: 0.872 ± 0.019	1.344HisIle: 1.344 ± 0.017	1.401HisLys: 1.401 ± 0.019	2.786HisLeu: 2.786 ± 0.03	0.631HisMet: 0.631 ± 0.013	0.978HisAsn: 0.978 ± 0.016	1.52HisPro: 1.52 ± 0.021	1.182HisGln: 1.182 ± 0.02	1.444HisArg: 1.444 ± 0.019	2.242HisSer: 2.242 ± 0.028	1.322HisThr: 1.322 ± 0.02	1.52HisVal: 1.52 ± 0.02	0.342HisTrp: 0.342 ± 0.008	0.864HisTyr: 0.864 ± 0.015	0.006HisXaa: 0.006 ± 0.001
Ile	2.965IleAla: 2.965 ± 0.031	1.202IleCys: 1.202 ± 0.021	2.298IleAsp: 2.298 ± 0.023	2.884IleGlu: 2.884 ± 0.03	2.163IlePhe: 2.163 ± 0.027	2.435IleGly: 2.435 ± 0.03	1.368IleHis: 1.368 ± 0.018	2.721IleIle: 2.721 ± 0.036	3.016IleLys: 3.016 ± 0.027	4.957IleLeu: 4.957 ± 0.036	1.119IleMet: 1.119 ± 0.017	2.107IleAsn: 2.107 ± 0.024	2.832IlePro: 2.832 ± 0.033	2.448IleGln: 2.448 ± 0.025	2.484IleArg: 2.484 ± 0.025	4.039IleSer: 4.039 ± 0.037	2.818IleThr: 2.818 ± 0.027	2.856IleVal: 2.856 ± 0.032	0.574IleTrp: 0.574 ± 0.012	1.599IleTyr: 1.599 ± 0.02	0.005IleXaa: 0.005 ± 0.001
Lys	4.151LysAla: 4.151 ± 0.035	1.239LysCys: 1.239 ± 0.023	3.427LysAsp: 3.427 ± 0.031	5.571LysGlu: 5.571 ± 0.064	1.915LysPhe: 1.915 ± 0.022	3.396LysGly: 3.396 ± 0.038	1.579LysHis: 1.579 ± 0.021	3.181LysIle: 3.181 ± 0.029	5.32LysLys: 5.32 ± 0.062	5.55LysLeu: 5.55 ± 0.047	1.65LysMet: 1.65 ± 0.021	2.69LysAsn: 2.69 ± 0.028	2.979LysPro: 2.979 ± 0.032	2.929LysGln: 2.929 ± 0.035	3.5LysArg: 3.5 ± 0.033	4.222LysSer: 4.222 ± 0.037	3.293LysThr: 3.293 ± 0.029	3.685LysVal: 3.685 ± 0.031	0.672LysTrp: 0.672 ± 0.01	1.861LysTyr: 1.861 ± 0.021	0.009LysXaa: 0.009 ± 0.002
Leu	6.467LeuAla: 6.467 ± 0.046	2.284LeuCys: 2.284 ± 0.027	4.757LeuAsp: 4.757 ± 0.037	7.022LeuGlu: 7.022 ± 0.061	3.584LeuPhe: 3.584 ± 0.04	5.396LeuGly: 5.396 ± 0.039	2.65LeuHis: 2.65 ± 0.027	4.19LeuIle: 4.19 ± 0.035	6.248LeuLys: 6.248 ± 0.045	10.309LeuLeu: 10.309 ± 0.075	2.162LeuMet: 2.162 ± 0.022	3.771LeuAsn: 3.771 ± 0.031	5.383LeuPro: 5.383 ± 0.042	5.614LeuGln: 5.614 ± 0.053	5.26LeuArg: 5.26 ± 0.039	7.848LeuSer: 7.848 ± 0.049	4.876LeuThr: 4.876 ± 0.033	5.504LeuVal: 5.504 ± 0.044	1.133LeuTrp: 1.133 ± 0.018	2.816LeuTyr: 2.816 ± 0.029	0.021LeuXaa: 0.021 ± 0.002
Met	1.883MetAla: 1.883 ± 0.021	0.464MetCys: 0.464 ± 0.011	1.376MetAsp: 1.376 ± 0.016	2.033MetGlu: 2.033 ± 0.024	0.866MetPhe: 0.866 ± 0.017	1.373MetGly: 1.373 ± 0.021	0.522MetHis: 0.522 ± 0.011	0.995MetIle: 0.995 ± 0.016	1.658MetLys: 1.658 ± 0.021	2.122MetLeu: 2.122 ± 0.024	0.66MetMet: 0.66 ± 0.014	1.029MetAsn: 1.029 ± 0.016	1.117MetPro: 1.117 ± 0.018	1.087MetGln: 1.087 ± 0.017	1.104MetArg: 1.104 ± 0.017	1.687MetSer: 1.687 ± 0.019	1.217MetThr: 1.217 ± 0.017	1.493MetVal: 1.493 ± 0.019	0.266MetTrp: 0.266 ± 0.007	0.691MetTyr: 0.691 ± 0.013	0.004MetXaa: 0.004 ± 0.001
Asn	2.334AsnAla: 2.334 ± 0.022	0.972AsnCys: 0.972 ± 0.017	1.7AsnAsp: 1.7 ± 0.022	2.52AsnGlu: 2.52 ± 0.028	1.652AsnPhe: 1.652 ± 0.02	2.7AsnGly: 2.7 ± 0.027	0.981AsnHis: 0.981 ± 0.013	2.469AsnIle: 2.469 ± 0.023	2.519AsnLys: 2.519 ± 0.03	3.975AsnLeu: 3.975 ± 0.036	1.045AsnMet: 1.045 ± 0.019	1.836AsnAsn: 1.836 ± 0.023	2.279AsnPro: 2.279 ± 0.028	1.678AsnGln: 1.678 ± 0.021	1.906AsnArg: 1.906 ± 0.02	3.41AsnSer: 3.41 ± 0.037	2.164AsnThr: 2.164 ± 0.024	2.469AsnVal: 2.469 ± 0.025	0.486AsnTrp: 0.486 ± 0.011	1.292AsnTyr: 1.292 ± 0.019	0.006AsnXaa: 0.006 ± 0.001
Pro	3.999ProAla: 3.999 ± 0.045	1.083ProCys: 1.083 ± 0.023	2.609ProAsp: 2.609 ± 0.029	4.042ProGlu: 4.042 ± 0.035	1.912ProPhe: 1.912 ± 0.021	3.926ProGly: 3.926 ± 0.073	1.262ProHis: 1.262 ± 0.02	1.907ProIle: 1.907 ± 0.024	2.739ProLys: 2.739 ± 0.029	4.638ProLeu: 4.638 ± 0.038	1.001ProMet: 1.001 ± 0.017	1.871ProAsn: 1.871 ± 0.024	4.251ProPro: 4.251 ± 0.065	2.4ProGln: 2.4 ± 0.029	2.578ProArg: 2.578 ± 0.03	4.931ProSer: 4.931 ± 0.049	2.556ProThr: 2.556 ± 0.027	3.709ProVal: 3.709 ± 0.033	0.619ProTrp: 0.619 ± 0.013	1.456ProTyr: 1.456 ± 0.019	0.016ProXaa: 0.016 ± 0.002
Gln	3.125GlnAla: 3.125 ± 0.037	0.934GlnCys: 0.934 ± 0.02	2.286GlnAsp: 2.286 ± 0.025	3.751GlnGlu: 3.751 ± 0.043	1.468GlnPhe: 1.468 ± 0.018	2.583GlnGly: 2.583 ± 0.027	1.334GlnHis: 1.334 ± 0.019	2.169GlnIle: 2.169 ± 0.026	3.153GlnLys: 3.153 ± 0.034	4.544GlnLeu: 4.544 ± 0.04	1.172GlnMet: 1.172 ± 0.02	2.02GlnAsn: 2.02 ± 0.024	2.408GlnPro: 2.408 ± 0.029	2.994GlnGln: 2.994 ± 0.052	2.665GlnArg: 2.665 ± 0.031	3.187GlnSer: 3.187 ± 0.033	2.297GlnThr: 2.297 ± 0.027	2.731GlnVal: 2.731 ± 0.026	0.549GlnTrp: 0.549 ± 0.012	1.288GlnTyr: 1.288 ± 0.018	0.008GlnXaa: 0.008 ± 0.001
Arg	3.368ArgAla: 3.368 ± 0.031	1.145ArgCys: 1.145 ± 0.02	2.667ArgAsp: 2.667 ± 0.029	3.716ArgGlu: 3.716 ± 0.042	1.903ArgPhe: 1.903 ± 0.022	3.041ArgGly: 3.041 ± 0.036	1.409ArgHis: 1.409 ± 0.019	2.579ArgIle: 2.579 ± 0.023	3.744ArgLys: 3.744 ± 0.032	4.759ArgLeu: 4.759 ± 0.036	1.256ArgMet: 1.256 ± 0.016	2.24ArgAsn: 2.24 ± 0.025	2.417ArgPro: 2.417 ± 0.026	2.409ArgGln: 2.409 ± 0.03	3.799ArgArg: 3.799 ± 0.042	3.968ArgSer: 3.968 ± 0.041	2.635ArgThr: 2.635 ± 0.023	2.885ArgVal: 2.885 ± 0.026	0.621ArgTrp: 0.621 ± 0.011	1.557ArgTyr: 1.557 ± 0.02	0.014ArgXaa: 0.014 ± 0.002
Ser	5.247SerAla: 5.247 ± 0.039	1.954SerCys: 1.954 ± 0.027	3.955SerAsp: 3.955 ± 0.035	5.064SerGlu: 5.064 ± 0.045	3.131SerPhe: 3.131 ± 0.03	5.008SerGly: 5.008 ± 0.036	2.051SerHis: 2.051 ± 0.028	3.551SerIle: 3.551 ± 0.03	4.395SerLys: 4.395 ± 0.039	8.007SerLeu: 8.007 ± 0.05	1.743SerMet: 1.743 ± 0.019	2.949SerAsn: 2.949 ± 0.026	5.262SerPro: 5.262 ± 0.067	3.652SerGln: 3.652 ± 0.036	4.097SerArg: 4.097 ± 0.04	9.298SerSer: 9.298 ± 0.1	4.521SerThr: 4.521 ± 0.037	5.057SerVal: 5.057 ± 0.041	0.996SerTrp: 0.996 ± 0.018	2.238SerTyr: 2.238 ± 0.026	0.011SerXaa: 0.011 ± 0.002
Thr	3.867ThrAla: 3.867 ± 0.03	1.282ThrCys: 1.282 ± 0.026	2.665ThrAsp: 2.665 ± 0.027	3.697ThrGlu: 3.697 ± 0.033	2.21ThrPhe: 2.21 ± 0.026	3.433ThrGly: 3.433 ± 0.031	1.171ThrHis: 1.171 ± 0.018	2.546ThrIle: 2.546 ± 0.026	2.83ThrLys: 2.83 ± 0.029	5.119ThrLeu: 5.119 ± 0.034	1.167ThrMet: 1.167 ± 0.018	1.924ThrAsn: 1.924 ± 0.023	3.074ThrPro: 3.074 ± 0.035	2.109ThrGln: 2.109 ± 0.021	2.296ThrArg: 2.296 ± 0.021	4.471ThrSer: 4.471 ± 0.042	2.91ThrThr: 2.91 ± 0.038	3.999ThrVal: 3.999 ± 0.035	0.681ThrTrp: 0.681 ± 0.013	1.508ThrTyr: 1.508 ± 0.02	0.007ThrXaa: 0.007 ± 0.001
Val	4.157ValAla: 4.157 ± 0.039	1.515ValCys: 1.515 ± 0.025	2.954ValAsp: 2.954 ± 0.03	3.92ValGlu: 3.92 ± 0.035	2.704ValPhe: 2.704 ± 0.029	3.34ValGly: 3.34 ± 0.03	1.566ValHis: 1.566 ± 0.017	3.25ValIle: 3.25 ± 0.032	3.768ValLys: 3.768 ± 0.032	6.441ValLeu: 6.441 ± 0.042	1.477ValMet: 1.477 ± 0.02	2.475ValAsn: 2.475 ± 0.023	3.519ValPro: 3.519 ± 0.035	2.807ValGln: 2.807 ± 0.029	2.87ValArg: 2.87 ± 0.026	4.854ValSer: 4.854 ± 0.037	3.833ValThr: 3.833 ± 0.039	4.148ValVal: 4.148 ± 0.038	0.752ValTrp: 0.752 ± 0.016	1.835ValTyr: 1.835 ± 0.022	0.006ValXaa: 0.006 ± 0.001
Trp	0.712TrpAla: 0.712 ± 0.014	0.259TrpCys: 0.259 ± 0.008	0.68TrpAsp: 0.68 ± 0.014	0.781TrpGlu: 0.781 ± 0.015	0.484TrpPhe: 0.484 ± 0.012	0.656TrpGly: 0.656 ± 0.016	0.31TrpHis: 0.31 ± 0.009	0.641TrpIle: 0.641 ± 0.014	0.893TrpLys: 0.893 ± 0.015	1.199TrpLeu: 1.199 ± 0.017	0.343TrpMet: 0.343 ± 0.008	0.583TrpAsn: 0.583 ± 0.012	0.434TrpPro: 0.434 ± 0.011	0.532TrpGln: 0.532 ± 0.011	0.677TrpArg: 0.677 ± 0.013	0.886TrpSer: 0.886 ± 0.018	0.646TrpThr: 0.646 ± 0.014	0.677TrpVal: 0.677 ± 0.014	0.208TrpTrp: 0.208 ± 0.007	0.381TrpTyr: 0.381 ± 0.01	0.002TrpXaa: 0.002 ± 0.001
Tyr	1.567TyrAla: 1.567 ± 0.022	0.756TyrCys: 0.756 ± 0.013	1.459TyrAsp: 1.459 ± 0.019	1.819TyrGlu: 1.819 ± 0.018	1.397TyrPhe: 1.397 ± 0.02	1.842TyrGly: 1.842 ± 0.026	0.797TyrHis: 0.797 ± 0.012	1.623TyrIle: 1.623 ± 0.022	1.665TyrLys: 1.665 ± 0.021	2.921TyrLeu: 2.921 ± 0.029	0.704TyrMet: 0.704 ± 0.014	1.306TyrAsn: 1.306 ± 0.02	1.373TyrPro: 1.373 ± 0.021	1.287TyrGln: 1.287 ± 0.018	1.674TyrArg: 1.674 ± 0.021	2.435TyrSer: 2.435 ± 0.028	1.639TyrThr: 1.639 ± 0.021	1.72TyrVal: 1.72 ± 0.021	0.375TyrTrp: 0.375 ± 0.01	1.106TyrTyr: 1.106 ± 0.018	0.003TyrXaa: 0.003 ± 0.001
Xaa	0.013XaaAla: 0.013 ± 0.001	0.006XaaCys: 0.006 ± 0.001	0.005XaaAsp: 0.005 ± 0.001	0.01XaaGlu: 0.01 ± 0.002	0.006XaaPhe: 0.006 ± 0.001	0.014XaaGly: 0.014 ± 0.002	0.004XaaHis: 0.004 ± 0.001	0.006XaaIle: 0.006 ± 0.001	0.011XaaLys: 0.011 ± 0.002	0.023XaaLeu: 0.023 ± 0.003	0.003XaaMet: 0.003 ± 0.001	0.007XaaAsn: 0.007 ± 0.001	0.011XaaPro: 0.011 ± 0.002	0.008XaaGln: 0.008 ± 0.001	0.011XaaArg: 0.011 ± 0.002	0.014XaaSer: 0.014 ± 0.002	0.007XaaThr: 0.007 ± 0.001	0.009XaaVal: 0.009 ± 0.001	0.002XaaTrp: 0.002 ± 0.001	0.004XaaTyr: 0.004 ± 0.001	0.384XaaXaa: 0.384 ± 0.027

Statistics based on 8851 proteins (4549436 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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