Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Loxodonta africana (African elephant)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	6.416AlaAla: 6.416 ± 0.039	1.441AlaCys: 1.441 ± 0.011	2.823AlaAsp: 2.823 ± 0.015	4.606AlaGlu: 4.606 ± 0.027	2.711AlaPhe: 2.711 ± 0.017	4.499AlaGly: 4.499 ± 0.029	1.547AlaHis: 1.547 ± 0.012	2.995AlaIle: 2.995 ± 0.018	3.338AlaLys: 3.338 ± 0.021	7.226AlaLeu: 7.226 ± 0.032	1.541AlaMet: 1.541 ± 0.01	2.028AlaAsn: 2.028 ± 0.012	3.992AlaPro: 3.992 ± 0.031	3.125AlaGln: 3.125 ± 0.021	3.491AlaArg: 3.491 ± 0.019	5.647AlaSer: 5.647 ± 0.026	3.557AlaThr: 3.557 ± 0.018	4.75AlaVal: 4.75 ± 0.022	0.794AlaTrp: 0.794 ± 0.008	1.626AlaTyr: 1.626 ± 0.013	0.002AlaXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Cys	1.319CysAla: 1.319 ± 0.012	0.665CysCys: 0.665 ± 0.014	1.07CysAsp: 1.07 ± 0.013	1.249CysGlu: 1.249 ± 0.012	0.915CysPhe: 0.915 ± 0.008	1.675CysGly: 1.675 ± 0.017	0.673CysHis: 0.673 ± 0.008	1.008CysIle: 1.008 ± 0.01	1.138CysLys: 1.138 ± 0.01	2.234CysLeu: 2.234 ± 0.015	0.434CysMet: 0.434 ± 0.006	0.802CysAsn: 0.802 ± 0.009	1.377CysPro: 1.377 ± 0.014	1.065CysGln: 1.065 ± 0.012	1.257CysArg: 1.257 ± 0.011	2.073CysSer: 2.073 ± 0.016	1.123CysThr: 1.123 ± 0.012	1.352CysVal: 1.352 ± 0.013	0.302CysTrp: 0.302 ± 0.005	0.632CysTyr: 0.632 ± 0.008	0.001CysXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Asp	2.735AspAla: 2.735 ± 0.017	1.021AspCys: 1.021 ± 0.01	2.53AspAsp: 2.53 ± 0.02	3.289AspGlu: 3.289 ± 0.021	2.114AspPhe: 2.114 ± 0.013	3.17AspGly: 3.17 ± 0.022	1.144AspHis: 1.144 ± 0.01	2.611AspIle: 2.611 ± 0.016	2.503AspLys: 2.503 ± 0.016	4.915AspLeu: 4.915 ± 0.024	1.094AspMet: 1.094 ± 0.009	1.636AspAsn: 1.636 ± 0.014	2.873AspPro: 2.873 ± 0.017	1.794AspGln: 1.794 ± 0.011	2.456AspArg: 2.456 ± 0.015	4.135AspSer: 4.135 ± 0.025	2.49AspThr: 2.49 ± 0.015	3.006AspVal: 3.006 ± 0.017	0.619AspTrp: 0.619 ± 0.007	1.453AspTyr: 1.453 ± 0.012	0.001AspXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Glu	5.062GluAla: 5.062 ± 0.028	1.268GluCys: 1.268 ± 0.016	4.215GluAsp: 4.215 ± 0.023	7.427GluGlu: 7.427 ± 0.045	2.083GluPhe: 2.083 ± 0.015	4.124GluGly: 4.124 ± 0.021	1.461GluHis: 1.461 ± 0.011	3.127GluIle: 3.127 ± 0.019	5.123GluLys: 5.123 ± 0.039	6.342GluLeu: 6.342 ± 0.038	1.651GluMet: 1.651 ± 0.01	3.048GluAsn: 3.048 ± 0.017	3.159GluPro: 3.159 ± 0.025	3.048GluGln: 3.048 ± 0.024	3.83GluArg: 3.83 ± 0.023	4.261GluSer: 4.261 ± 0.024	3.286GluThr: 3.286 ± 0.02	4.123GluVal: 4.123 ± 0.022	0.676GluTrp: 0.676 ± 0.007	1.572GluTyr: 1.572 ± 0.014	0.002GluXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Phe	2.038PheAla: 2.038 ± 0.012	1.136PheCys: 1.136 ± 0.011	1.668PheAsp: 1.668 ± 0.012	1.971PheGlu: 1.971 ± 0.015	1.972PhePhe: 1.972 ± 0.019	2.282PheGly: 2.282 ± 0.016	1.041PheHis: 1.041 ± 0.01	2.082PheIle: 2.082 ± 0.016	1.769PheLys: 1.769 ± 0.014	4.621PheLeu: 4.621 ± 0.026	0.822PheMet: 0.822 ± 0.008	1.366PheAsn: 1.366 ± 0.011	2.061PhePro: 2.061 ± 0.013	1.809PheGln: 1.809 ± 0.014	1.938PheArg: 1.938 ± 0.014	3.611PheSer: 3.611 ± 0.021	2.135PheThr: 2.135 ± 0.015	2.32PheVal: 2.32 ± 0.016	0.5PheTrp: 0.5 ± 0.007	1.368PheTyr: 1.368 ± 0.011	0.001PheXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Gly	4.384GlyAla: 4.384 ± 0.032	1.322GlyCys: 1.322 ± 0.012	3.024GlyAsp: 3.024 ± 0.021	3.911GlyGlu: 3.911 ± 0.028	2.468GlyPhe: 2.468 ± 0.017	4.804GlyGly: 4.804 ± 0.039	1.665GlyHis: 1.665 ± 0.016	2.785GlyIle: 2.785 ± 0.017	3.603GlyLys: 3.603 ± 0.023	6.006GlyLeu: 6.006 ± 0.033	1.294GlyMet: 1.294 ± 0.011	2.426GlyAsn: 2.426 ± 0.016	4.208GlyPro: 4.208 ± 0.052	2.722GlyGln: 2.722 ± 0.022	3.62GlyArg: 3.62 ± 0.021	5.751GlySer: 5.751 ± 0.034	3.592GlyThr: 3.592 ± 0.018	3.541GlyVal: 3.541 ± 0.02	0.79GlyTrp: 0.79 ± 0.01	1.749GlyTyr: 1.749 ± 0.014	0.002GlyXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
His	1.296HisAla: 1.296 ± 0.01	0.714HisCys: 0.714 ± 0.009	0.856HisAsp: 0.856 ± 0.009	1.265HisGlu: 1.265 ± 0.01	1.174HisPhe: 1.174 ± 0.01	1.528HisGly: 1.528 ± 0.017	0.861HisHis: 0.861 ± 0.01	1.282HisIle: 1.282 ± 0.011	1.22HisLys: 1.22 ± 0.011	3.02HisLeu: 3.02 ± 0.016	0.581HisMet: 0.581 ± 0.007	0.853HisAsn: 0.853 ± 0.008	1.644HisPro: 1.644 ± 0.012	1.272HisGln: 1.272 ± 0.013	1.573HisArg: 1.573 ± 0.014	2.313HisSer: 2.313 ± 0.019	1.466HisThr: 1.466 ± 0.012	1.475HisVal: 1.475 ± 0.012	0.347HisTrp: 0.347 ± 0.005	0.854HisTyr: 0.854 ± 0.008	0.001HisXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Ile	2.616IleAla: 2.616 ± 0.017	1.218IleCys: 1.218 ± 0.012	2.022IleAsp: 2.022 ± 0.015	2.523IleGlu: 2.523 ± 0.017	2.135IlePhe: 2.135 ± 0.015	2.233IleGly: 2.233 ± 0.016	1.3IleHis: 1.3 ± 0.012	2.633IleIle: 2.633 ± 0.021	2.622IleLys: 2.622 ± 0.018	5.003IleLeu: 5.003 ± 0.028	1.06IleMet: 1.06 ± 0.008	1.843IleAsn: 1.843 ± 0.015	2.694IlePro: 2.694 ± 0.015	2.26IleGln: 2.26 ± 0.015	2.346IleArg: 2.346 ± 0.014	3.923IleSer: 3.923 ± 0.019	2.716IleThr: 2.716 ± 0.018	2.663IleVal: 2.663 ± 0.019	0.535IleTrp: 0.535 ± 0.007	1.579IleTyr: 1.579 ± 0.012	0.001IleXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Lys	3.968LysAla: 3.968 ± 0.022	1.064LysCys: 1.064 ± 0.011	3.099LysAsp: 3.099 ± 0.02	4.93LysGlu: 4.93 ± 0.035	1.709LysPhe: 1.709 ± 0.013	3.226LysGly: 3.226 ± 0.026	1.381LysHis: 1.381 ± 0.011	2.758LysIle: 2.758 ± 0.02	4.684LysLys: 4.684 ± 0.035	5.161LysLeu: 5.161 ± 0.025	1.498LysMet: 1.498 ± 0.012	2.395LysAsn: 2.395 ± 0.017	2.989LysPro: 2.989 ± 0.022	2.551LysGln: 2.551 ± 0.018	3.229LysArg: 3.229 ± 0.016	3.79LysSer: 3.79 ± 0.023	3.082LysThr: 3.082 ± 0.022	3.459LysVal: 3.459 ± 0.021	0.594LysTrp: 0.594 ± 0.007	1.55LysTyr: 1.55 ± 0.014	0.002LysXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Leu	6.983LeuAla: 6.983 ± 0.031	2.283LeuCys: 2.283 ± 0.017	4.685LeuAsp: 4.685 ± 0.022	7.066LeuGlu: 7.066 ± 0.04	3.762LeuPhe: 3.762 ± 0.023	6.07LeuGly: 6.07 ± 0.025	2.812LeuHis: 2.812 ± 0.018	4.248LeuIle: 4.248 ± 0.022	5.811LeuLys: 5.811 ± 0.028	11.333LeuLeu: 11.333 ± 0.051	2.071LeuMet: 2.071 ± 0.013	3.615LeuAsn: 3.615 ± 0.02	6.003LeuPro: 6.003 ± 0.034	5.758LeuGln: 5.758 ± 0.037	6.008LeuArg: 6.008 ± 0.024	8.312LeuSer: 8.312 ± 0.033	5.338LeuThr: 5.338 ± 0.024	5.866LeuVal: 5.866 ± 0.029	1.154LeuTrp: 1.154 ± 0.011	2.638LeuTyr: 2.638 ± 0.017	0.004LeuXaa: 0.004 ± 0.001
Met	1.959MetAla: 1.959 ± 0.013	0.402MetCys: 0.402 ± 0.006	1.239MetAsp: 1.239 ± 0.01	1.793MetGlu: 1.793 ± 0.013	0.764MetPhe: 0.764 ± 0.007	1.295MetGly: 1.295 ± 0.011	0.438MetHis: 0.438 ± 0.005	0.91MetIle: 0.91 ± 0.009	1.421MetLys: 1.421 ± 0.011	2.102MetLeu: 2.102 ± 0.014	0.554MetMet: 0.554 ± 0.008	0.914MetAsn: 0.914 ± 0.01	1.068MetPro: 1.068 ± 0.011	0.89MetGln: 0.89 ± 0.009	1.02MetArg: 1.02 ± 0.01	1.614MetSer: 1.614 ± 0.011	1.129MetThr: 1.129 ± 0.01	1.448MetVal: 1.448 ± 0.011	0.231MetTrp: 0.231 ± 0.004	0.76MetTyr: 0.76 ± 0.009	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	1.996AsnAla: 1.996 ± 0.016	0.83AsnCys: 0.83 ± 0.009	1.491AsnAsp: 1.491 ± 0.013	2.176AsnGlu: 2.176 ± 0.016	1.538AsnPhe: 1.538 ± 0.012	2.373AsnGly: 2.373 ± 0.019	0.978AsnHis: 0.978 ± 0.008	2.139AsnIle: 2.139 ± 0.015	2.245AsnLys: 2.245 ± 0.016	3.813AsnLeu: 3.813 ± 0.02	0.888AsnMet: 0.888 ± 0.008	1.503AsnAsn: 1.503 ± 0.013	2.297AsnPro: 2.297 ± 0.015	1.643AsnGln: 1.643 ± 0.013	1.816AsnArg: 1.816 ± 0.014	3.1AsnSer: 3.1 ± 0.02	1.97AsnThr: 1.97 ± 0.016	2.207AsnVal: 2.207 ± 0.016	0.451AsnTrp: 0.451 ± 0.007	1.117AsnTyr: 1.117 ± 0.011	0.001AsnXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Pro	4.568ProAla: 4.568 ± 0.031	1.144ProCys: 1.144 ± 0.013	2.712ProAsp: 2.712 ± 0.015	4.365ProGlu: 4.365 ± 0.028	2.002ProPhe: 2.002 ± 0.014	5.11ProGly: 5.11 ± 0.067	1.433ProHis: 1.433 ± 0.012	1.892ProIle: 1.892 ± 0.015	2.85ProLys: 2.85 ± 0.021	5.477ProLeu: 5.477 ± 0.026	1.185ProMet: 1.185 ± 0.01	1.825ProAsn: 1.825 ± 0.014	5.891ProPro: 5.891 ± 0.059	2.813ProGln: 2.813 ± 0.02	3.251ProArg: 3.251 ± 0.022	5.615ProSer: 5.615 ± 0.035	3.072ProThr: 3.072 ± 0.021	3.805ProVal: 3.805 ± 0.024	0.678ProTrp: 0.678 ± 0.008	1.414ProTyr: 1.414 ± 0.013	0.003ProXaa: 0.003 ± 0.0
Gln	3.472GlnAla: 3.472 ± 0.024	0.897GlnCys: 0.897 ± 0.012	2.282GlnAsp: 2.282 ± 0.016	3.768GlnGlu: 3.768 ± 0.025	1.384GlnPhe: 1.384 ± 0.011	2.833GlnGly: 2.833 ± 0.025	1.244GlnHis: 1.244 ± 0.011	1.989GlnIle: 1.989 ± 0.014	2.864GlnLys: 2.864 ± 0.017	4.79GlnLeu: 4.79 ± 0.028	1.118GlnMet: 1.118 ± 0.011	1.814GlnAsn: 1.814 ± 0.014	2.761GlnPro: 2.761 ± 0.023	2.928GlnGln: 2.928 ± 0.037	2.85GlnArg: 2.85 ± 0.02	3.068GlnSer: 3.068 ± 0.026	2.306GlnThr: 2.306 ± 0.015	2.873GlnVal: 2.873 ± 0.014	0.539GlnTrp: 0.539 ± 0.007	1.145GlnTyr: 1.145 ± 0.01	0.003GlnXaa: 0.003 ± 0.0
Arg	3.748ArgAla: 3.748 ± 0.022	1.183ArgCys: 1.183 ± 0.012	2.653ArgAsp: 2.653 ± 0.016	3.804ArgGlu: 3.804 ± 0.02	1.864ArgPhe: 1.864 ± 0.013	3.475ArgGly: 3.475 ± 0.025	1.536ArgHis: 1.536 ± 0.015	2.368ArgIle: 2.368 ± 0.014	3.639ArgLys: 3.639 ± 0.018	5.328ArgLeu: 5.328 ± 0.022	1.157ArgMet: 1.157 ± 0.009	2.179ArgAsn: 2.179 ± 0.014	3.117ArgPro: 3.117 ± 0.019	2.604ArgGln: 2.604 ± 0.018	4.137ArgArg: 4.137 ± 0.029	4.132ArgSer: 4.132 ± 0.03	2.715ArgThr: 2.715 ± 0.016	3.111ArgVal: 3.111 ± 0.019	0.685ArgTrp: 0.685 ± 0.008	1.546ArgTyr: 1.546 ± 0.011	0.003ArgXaa: 0.003 ± 0.0
Ser	5.247SerAla: 5.247 ± 0.025	1.897SerCys: 1.897 ± 0.019	3.828SerAsp: 3.828 ± 0.021	5.064SerGlu: 5.064 ± 0.027	3.227SerPhe: 3.227 ± 0.015	5.571SerGly: 5.571 ± 0.034	2.234SerHis: 2.234 ± 0.018	3.341SerIle: 3.341 ± 0.016	4.038SerLys: 4.038 ± 0.022	8.407SerLeu: 8.407 ± 0.031	1.555SerMet: 1.555 ± 0.011	2.669SerAsn: 2.669 ± 0.015	5.872SerPro: 5.872 ± 0.039	3.837SerGln: 3.837 ± 0.025	4.477SerArg: 4.477 ± 0.03	9.234SerSer: 9.234 ± 0.058	4.538SerThr: 4.538 ± 0.024	5.008SerVal: 5.008 ± 0.021	1.086SerTrp: 1.086 ± 0.01	2.282SerTyr: 2.282 ± 0.016	0.003SerXaa: 0.003 ± 0.0
Thr	3.719ThrAla: 3.719 ± 0.017	1.408ThrCys: 1.408 ± 0.013	2.471ThrAsp: 2.471 ± 0.015	3.494ThrGlu: 3.494 ± 0.021	2.214ThrPhe: 2.214 ± 0.014	3.445ThrGly: 3.445 ± 0.023	1.276ThrHis: 1.276 ± 0.011	2.605ThrIle: 2.605 ± 0.02	2.631ThrLys: 2.631 ± 0.019	5.495ThrLeu: 5.495 ± 0.024	1.144ThrMet: 1.144 ± 0.01	1.721ThrAsn: 1.721 ± 0.013	3.56ThrPro: 3.56 ± 0.021	2.319ThrGln: 2.319 ± 0.015	2.403ThrArg: 2.403 ± 0.013	4.596ThrSer: 4.596 ± 0.023	2.984ThrThr: 2.984 ± 0.021	4.042ThrVal: 4.042 ± 0.024	0.692ThrTrp: 0.692 ± 0.009	1.492ThrTyr: 1.492 ± 0.011	0.002ThrXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Val	4.377ValAla: 4.377 ± 0.02	1.497ValCys: 1.497 ± 0.012	2.928ValAsp: 2.928 ± 0.019	3.759ValGlu: 3.759 ± 0.022	2.598ValPhe: 2.598 ± 0.017	3.48ValGly: 3.48 ± 0.019	1.514ValHis: 1.514 ± 0.011	3.135ValIle: 3.135 ± 0.023	3.383ValLys: 3.383 ± 0.02	6.492ValLeu: 6.492 ± 0.029	1.362ValMet: 1.362 ± 0.011	2.291ValAsn: 2.291 ± 0.017	3.667ValPro: 3.667 ± 0.024	2.717ValGln: 2.717 ± 0.016	3.009ValArg: 3.009 ± 0.015	5.003ValSer: 5.003 ± 0.022	3.891ValThr: 3.891 ± 0.03	4.278ValVal: 4.278 ± 0.023	0.71ValTrp: 0.71 ± 0.007	1.712ValTyr: 1.712 ± 0.013	0.002ValXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Trp	0.8TrpAla: 0.8 ± 0.008	0.244TrpCys: 0.244 ± 0.005	0.641TrpAsp: 0.641 ± 0.008	0.797TrpGlu: 0.797 ± 0.008	0.456TrpPhe: 0.456 ± 0.006	0.743TrpGly: 0.743 ± 0.01	0.295TrpHis: 0.295 ± 0.005	0.557TrpIle: 0.557 ± 0.007	0.793TrpLys: 0.793 ± 0.008	1.222TrpLeu: 1.222 ± 0.012	0.305TrpMet: 0.305 ± 0.005	0.532TrpAsn: 0.532 ± 0.007	0.517TrpPro: 0.517 ± 0.006	0.531TrpGln: 0.531 ± 0.007	0.711TrpArg: 0.711 ± 0.009	0.856TrpSer: 0.856 ± 0.011	0.667TrpThr: 0.667 ± 0.008	0.737TrpVal: 0.737 ± 0.008	0.195TrpTrp: 0.195 ± 0.004	0.345TrpTyr: 0.345 ± 0.006	0.001TrpXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.452TyrAla: 1.452 ± 0.011	0.728TyrCys: 0.728 ± 0.007	1.349TyrAsp: 1.349 ± 0.013	1.632TyrGlu: 1.632 ± 0.011	1.416TyrPhe: 1.416 ± 0.012	1.731TyrGly: 1.731 ± 0.013	0.762TyrHis: 0.762 ± 0.009	1.459TyrIle: 1.459 ± 0.013	1.444TyrLys: 1.444 ± 0.016	2.828TyrLeu: 2.828 ± 0.017	0.641TyrMet: 0.641 ± 0.007	1.112TyrAsn: 1.112 ± 0.01	1.35TyrPro: 1.35 ± 0.013	1.243TyrGln: 1.243 ± 0.011	1.556TyrArg: 1.556 ± 0.011	2.375TyrSer: 2.375 ± 0.016	1.654TyrThr: 1.654 ± 0.013	1.738TyrVal: 1.738 ± 0.013	0.366TyrTrp: 0.366 ± 0.007	0.999TyrTyr: 0.999 ± 0.009	0.001TyrXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.002XaaAla: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.001XaaCys: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaAsp: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.002XaaGlu: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.002XaaPhe: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.003XaaGly: 0.003 ± 0.0	0.001XaaHis: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaIle: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaLys: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.004XaaLeu: 0.004 ± 0.001	0.001XaaMet: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaAsn: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.003XaaPro: 0.003 ± 0.0	0.001XaaGln: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.003XaaArg: 0.003 ± 0.0	0.004XaaSer: 0.004 ± 0.0	0.002XaaThr: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.002XaaVal: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaTyr: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.08XaaXaa: 0.08 ± 0.008

Statistics based on 25615 proteins (13857996 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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