Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Galdieria sulphuraria (Red alga)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	4.124AlaAla: 4.124 ± 0.049	1.131AlaCys: 1.131 ± 0.022	2.301AlaAsp: 2.301 ± 0.031	3.499AlaGlu: 3.499 ± 0.041	2.759AlaPhe: 2.759 ± 0.031	2.808AlaGly: 2.808 ± 0.04	1.093AlaHis: 1.093 ± 0.019	3.506AlaIle: 3.506 ± 0.041	3.342AlaLys: 3.342 ± 0.037	6.142AlaLeu: 6.142 ± 0.048	1.332AlaMet: 1.332 ± 0.026	2.198AlaAsn: 2.198 ± 0.029	1.921AlaPro: 1.921 ± 0.031	2.074AlaGln: 2.074 ± 0.029	2.71AlaArg: 2.71 ± 0.035	5.117AlaSer: 5.117 ± 0.047	3.234AlaThr: 3.234 ± 0.032	4.099AlaVal: 4.099 ± 0.038	0.671AlaTrp: 0.671 ± 0.018	1.793AlaTyr: 1.793 ± 0.026	0.027AlaXaa: 0.027 ± 0.006
Cys	0.913CysAla: 0.913 ± 0.018	0.648CysCys: 0.648 ± 0.018	0.798CysAsp: 0.798 ± 0.018	1.079CysGlu: 1.079 ± 0.018	1.227CysPhe: 1.227 ± 0.021	1.209CysGly: 1.209 ± 0.024	0.508CysHis: 0.508 ± 0.014	1.26CysIle: 1.26 ± 0.024	1.103CysLys: 1.103 ± 0.019	2.314CysLeu: 2.314 ± 0.035	0.407CysMet: 0.407 ± 0.011	0.833CysAsn: 0.833 ± 0.019	0.825CysPro: 0.825 ± 0.02	0.757CysGln: 0.757 ± 0.016	1.179CysArg: 1.179 ± 0.021	1.84CysSer: 1.84 ± 0.029	0.87CysThr: 0.87 ± 0.019	1.135CysVal: 1.135 ± 0.019	0.278CysTrp: 0.278 ± 0.01	0.728CysTyr: 0.728 ± 0.015	0.004CysXaa: 0.004 ± 0.002
Asp	2.874AspAla: 2.874 ± 0.029	0.914AspCys: 0.914 ± 0.018	2.51AspAsp: 2.51 ± 0.033	3.797AspGlu: 3.797 ± 0.042	2.276AspPhe: 2.276 ± 0.026	2.545AspGly: 2.545 ± 0.031	0.893AspHis: 0.893 ± 0.017	3.608AspIle: 3.608 ± 0.037	2.694AspLys: 2.694 ± 0.03	4.448AspLeu: 4.448 ± 0.038	1.166AspMet: 1.166 ± 0.017	2.152AspAsn: 2.152 ± 0.027	2.049AspPro: 2.049 ± 0.024	1.414AspGln: 1.414 ± 0.021	2.419AspArg: 2.419 ± 0.031	4.569AspSer: 4.569 ± 0.043	2.389AspThr: 2.389 ± 0.028	3.025AspVal: 3.025 ± 0.035	0.898AspTrp: 0.898 ± 0.015	1.549AspTyr: 1.549 ± 0.024	0.015AspXaa: 0.015 ± 0.004
Glu	4.315GluAla: 4.315 ± 0.045	0.988GluCys: 0.988 ± 0.019	4.059GluAsp: 4.059 ± 0.037	7.651GluGlu: 7.651 ± 0.075	2.497GluPhe: 2.497 ± 0.033	3.007GluGly: 3.007 ± 0.038	1.37GluHis: 1.37 ± 0.021	3.541GluIle: 3.541 ± 0.038	5.124GluLys: 5.124 ± 0.057	6.777GluLeu: 6.777 ± 0.055	1.774GluMet: 1.774 ± 0.025	3.756GluAsn: 3.756 ± 0.038	2.28GluPro: 2.28 ± 0.029	3.632GluGln: 3.632 ± 0.038	4.751GluArg: 4.751 ± 0.048	5.426GluSer: 5.426 ± 0.05	4.258GluThr: 4.258 ± 0.037	3.546GluVal: 3.546 ± 0.041	1.13GluTrp: 1.13 ± 0.023	2.275GluTyr: 2.275 ± 0.025	0.018GluXaa: 0.018 ± 0.004
Phe	2.729PheAla: 2.729 ± 0.033	1.166PheCys: 1.166 ± 0.021	2.311PheAsp: 2.311 ± 0.026	2.935PheGlu: 2.935 ± 0.031	2.313PhePhe: 2.313 ± 0.033	3.091PheGly: 3.091 ± 0.033	1.496PheHis: 1.496 ± 0.023	2.786PheIle: 2.786 ± 0.031	1.716PheLys: 1.716 ± 0.027	5.546PheLeu: 5.546 ± 0.051	0.93PheMet: 0.93 ± 0.017	1.32PheAsn: 1.32 ± 0.02	2.261PhePro: 2.261 ± 0.03	2.411PheGln: 2.411 ± 0.027	2.807PheArg: 2.807 ± 0.032	4.506PheSer: 4.506 ± 0.043	1.946PheThr: 1.946 ± 0.025	3.51PheVal: 3.51 ± 0.039	0.691PheTrp: 0.691 ± 0.018	1.783PheTyr: 1.783 ± 0.026	0.021PheXaa: 0.021 ± 0.004
Gly	2.985GlyAla: 2.985 ± 0.041	0.938GlyCys: 0.938 ± 0.019	2.459GlyAsp: 2.459 ± 0.031	3.059GlyGlu: 3.059 ± 0.032	2.771GlyPhe: 2.771 ± 0.032	3.402GlyGly: 3.402 ± 0.056	1.214GlyHis: 1.214 ± 0.022	3.648GlyIle: 3.648 ± 0.038	3.624GlyLys: 3.624 ± 0.034	4.98GlyLeu: 4.98 ± 0.047	1.214GlyMet: 1.214 ± 0.022	2.534GlyAsn: 2.534 ± 0.031	1.727GlyPro: 1.727 ± 0.049	1.765GlyGln: 1.765 ± 0.024	3.097GlyArg: 3.097 ± 0.039	4.292GlySer: 4.292 ± 0.043	2.944GlyThr: 2.944 ± 0.033	3.595GlyVal: 3.595 ± 0.044	0.814GlyTrp: 0.814 ± 0.018	1.887GlyTyr: 1.887 ± 0.029	0.02GlyXaa: 0.02 ± 0.005
His	1.012HisAla: 1.012 ± 0.02	0.605HisCys: 0.605 ± 0.016	0.86HisAsp: 0.86 ± 0.016	1.221HisGlu: 1.221 ± 0.021	1.375HisPhe: 1.375 ± 0.02	1.116HisGly: 1.116 ± 0.019	0.693HisHis: 0.693 ± 0.017	1.465HisIle: 1.465 ± 0.022	1.094HisLys: 1.094 ± 0.02	2.535HisLeu: 2.535 ± 0.028	0.496HisMet: 0.496 ± 0.012	0.919HisAsn: 0.919 ± 0.018	1.175HisPro: 1.175 ± 0.019	0.847HisGln: 0.847 ± 0.018	1.391HisArg: 1.391 ± 0.021	2.532HisSer: 2.532 ± 0.034	0.992HisThr: 0.992 ± 0.018	1.398HisVal: 1.398 ± 0.025	0.393HisTrp: 0.393 ± 0.011	0.79HisTyr: 0.79 ± 0.018	0.005HisXaa: 0.005 ± 0.002
Ile	3.802IleAla: 3.802 ± 0.039	1.279IleCys: 1.279 ± 0.022	2.849IleAsp: 2.849 ± 0.034	3.816IleGlu: 3.816 ± 0.039	2.933IlePhe: 2.933 ± 0.036	3.306IleGly: 3.306 ± 0.042	1.545IleHis: 1.545 ± 0.021	3.009IleIle: 3.009 ± 0.04	2.114IleLys: 2.114 ± 0.034	6.457IleLeu: 6.457 ± 0.046	1.03IleMet: 1.03 ± 0.02	1.542IleAsn: 1.542 ± 0.028	3.22IlePro: 3.22 ± 0.037	2.739IleGln: 2.739 ± 0.034	3.556IleArg: 3.556 ± 0.03	4.986IleSer: 4.986 ± 0.046	2.312IleThr: 2.312 ± 0.033	4.058IleVal: 4.058 ± 0.043	0.815IleTrp: 0.815 ± 0.02	1.917IleTyr: 1.917 ± 0.026	0.023IleXaa: 0.023 ± 0.005
Lys	3.289LysAla: 3.289 ± 0.034	0.851LysCys: 0.851 ± 0.015	3.182LysAsp: 3.182 ± 0.038	5.326LysGlu: 5.326 ± 0.05	1.927LysPhe: 1.927 ± 0.027	2.98LysGly: 2.98 ± 0.036	1.235LysHis: 1.235 ± 0.022	2.975LysIle: 2.975 ± 0.035	4.293LysLys: 4.293 ± 0.054	5.795LysLeu: 5.795 ± 0.046	1.252LysMet: 1.252 ± 0.022	2.799LysAsn: 2.799 ± 0.034	2.19LysPro: 2.19 ± 0.028	2.963LysGln: 2.963 ± 0.038	4.032LysArg: 4.032 ± 0.044	4.355LysSer: 4.355 ± 0.045	3.18LysThr: 3.18 ± 0.037	3.733LysVal: 3.733 ± 0.041	0.826LysTrp: 0.826 ± 0.018	2.034LysTyr: 2.034 ± 0.026	0.026LysXaa: 0.026 ± 0.009
Leu	5.875LeuAla: 5.875 ± 0.048	2.254LeuCys: 2.254 ± 0.03	5.239LeuAsp: 5.239 ± 0.042	8.474LeuGlu: 8.474 ± 0.073	5.288LeuPhe: 5.288 ± 0.056	5.428LeuGly: 5.428 ± 0.052	2.451LeuHis: 2.451 ± 0.029	4.917LeuIle: 4.917 ± 0.05	6.239LeuLys: 6.239 ± 0.049	11.51LeuLeu: 11.51 ± 0.095	1.877LeuMet: 1.877 ± 0.026	3.878LeuAsn: 3.878 ± 0.037	4.154LeuPro: 4.154 ± 0.039	5.044LeuGln: 5.044 ± 0.055	6.093LeuArg: 6.093 ± 0.056	9.572LeuSer: 9.572 ± 0.067	4.328LeuThr: 4.328 ± 0.046	6.677LeuVal: 6.677 ± 0.052	1.438LeuTrp: 1.438 ± 0.027	3.524LeuTyr: 3.524 ± 0.039	0.042LeuXaa: 0.042 ± 0.008
Met	1.325MetAla: 1.325 ± 0.022	0.264MetCys: 0.264 ± 0.009	1.258MetAsp: 1.258 ± 0.02	2.037MetGlu: 2.037 ± 0.026	0.874MetPhe: 0.874 ± 0.016	1.179MetGly: 1.179 ± 0.02	0.368MetHis: 0.368 ± 0.011	1.162MetIle: 1.162 ± 0.02	1.615MetLys: 1.615 ± 0.02	1.989MetLeu: 1.989 ± 0.025	0.531MetMet: 0.531 ± 0.014	1.133MetAsn: 1.133 ± 0.02	0.683MetPro: 0.683 ± 0.014	0.916MetGln: 0.916 ± 0.019	0.965MetArg: 0.965 ± 0.02	1.64MetSer: 1.64 ± 0.025	1.113MetThr: 1.113 ± 0.017	1.119MetVal: 1.119 ± 0.021	0.208MetTrp: 0.208 ± 0.008	0.535MetTyr: 0.535 ± 0.012	0.009MetXaa: 0.009 ± 0.002
Asn	2.319AsnAla: 2.319 ± 0.034	0.872AsnCys: 0.872 ± 0.016	2.188AsnAsp: 2.188 ± 0.029	3.069AsnGlu: 3.069 ± 0.032	1.917AsnPhe: 1.917 ± 0.029	2.392AsnGly: 2.392 ± 0.027	1.001AsnHis: 1.001 ± 0.019	3.024AsnIle: 3.024 ± 0.035	2.278AsnLys: 2.278 ± 0.032	4.006AsnLeu: 4.006 ± 0.039	0.988AsnMet: 0.988 ± 0.016	2.244AsnAsn: 2.244 ± 0.039	1.796AsnPro: 1.796 ± 0.025	1.665AsnGln: 1.665 ± 0.025	2.397AsnArg: 2.397 ± 0.026	3.798AsnSer: 3.798 ± 0.041	2.21AsnThr: 2.21 ± 0.03	2.803AsnVal: 2.803 ± 0.033	0.642AsnTrp: 0.642 ± 0.013	1.382AsnTyr: 1.382 ± 0.023	0.014AsnXaa: 0.014 ± 0.003
Pro	1.688ProAla: 1.688 ± 0.023	0.797ProCys: 0.797 ± 0.017	1.837ProAsp: 1.837 ± 0.026	2.582ProGlu: 2.582 ± 0.03	2.447ProPhe: 2.447 ± 0.031	1.983ProGly: 1.983 ± 0.029	0.926ProHis: 0.926 ± 0.019	2.388ProIle: 2.388 ± 0.036	2.424ProLys: 2.424 ± 0.028	4.159ProLeu: 4.159 ± 0.041	0.676ProMet: 0.676 ± 0.014	1.736ProAsn: 1.736 ± 0.027	1.929ProPro: 1.929 ± 0.038	1.557ProGln: 1.557 ± 0.025	1.966ProArg: 1.966 ± 0.034	4.126ProSer: 4.126 ± 0.082	2.287ProThr: 2.287 ± 0.046	2.795ProVal: 2.795 ± 0.048	0.597ProTrp: 0.597 ± 0.016	1.406ProTyr: 1.406 ± 0.023	0.035ProXaa: 0.035 ± 0.018
Gln	2.092GlnAla: 2.092 ± 0.031	0.623GlnCys: 0.623 ± 0.016	1.884GlnAsp: 1.884 ± 0.026	2.965GlnGlu: 2.965 ± 0.036	1.672GlnPhe: 1.672 ± 0.025	2.165GlnGly: 2.165 ± 0.029	0.99GlnHis: 0.99 ± 0.019	2.133GlnIle: 2.133 ± 0.026	2.586GlnLys: 2.586 ± 0.038	5.026GlnLeu: 5.026 ± 0.05	0.977GlnMet: 0.977 ± 0.019	1.839GlnAsn: 1.839 ± 0.025	1.597GlnPro: 1.597 ± 0.026	2.614GlnGln: 2.614 ± 0.042	2.858GlnArg: 2.858 ± 0.03	3.382GlnSer: 3.382 ± 0.039	2.1GlnThr: 2.1 ± 0.027	3.644GlnVal: 3.644 ± 0.032	0.622GlnTrp: 0.622 ± 0.015	1.303GlnTyr: 1.303 ± 0.023	0.013GlnXaa: 0.013 ± 0.004
Arg	3.002ArgAla: 3.002 ± 0.031	1.062ArgCys: 1.062 ± 0.021	2.612ArgAsp: 2.612 ± 0.031	4.077ArgGlu: 4.077 ± 0.046	2.516ArgPhe: 2.516 ± 0.031	2.77ArgGly: 2.77 ± 0.035	1.332ArgHis: 1.332 ± 0.018	3.573ArgIle: 3.573 ± 0.031	4.643ArgLys: 4.643 ± 0.042	5.934ArgLeu: 5.934 ± 0.046	1.363ArgMet: 1.363 ± 0.021	3.161ArgAsn: 3.161 ± 0.035	1.952ArgPro: 1.952 ± 0.031	2.51ArgGln: 2.51 ± 0.03	4.215ArgArg: 4.215 ± 0.052	3.998ArgSer: 3.998 ± 0.044	2.83ArgThr: 2.83 ± 0.033	3.533ArgVal: 3.533 ± 0.034	0.918ArgTrp: 0.918 ± 0.02	2.013ArgTyr: 2.013 ± 0.024	0.019ArgXaa: 0.019 ± 0.004
Ser	4.1SerAla: 4.1 ± 0.035	2.01SerCys: 2.01 ± 0.03	3.691SerAsp: 3.691 ± 0.036	5.349SerGlu: 5.349 ± 0.052	5.056SerPhe: 5.056 ± 0.046	4.443SerGly: 4.443 ± 0.048	2.13SerHis: 2.13 ± 0.029	4.839SerIle: 4.839 ± 0.043	5.16SerLys: 5.16 ± 0.046	9.698SerLeu: 9.698 ± 0.072	1.751SerMet: 1.751 ± 0.025	4.114SerAsn: 4.114 ± 0.041	3.736SerPro: 3.736 ± 0.083	3.695SerGln: 3.695 ± 0.038	4.821SerArg: 4.821 ± 0.046	10.911SerSer: 10.911 ± 0.105	4.788SerThr: 4.788 ± 0.047	5.429SerVal: 5.429 ± 0.048	1.258SerTrp: 1.258 ± 0.023	2.818SerTyr: 2.818 ± 0.031	0.034SerXaa: 0.034 ± 0.007
Thr	2.824ThrAla: 2.824 ± 0.036	1.193ThrCys: 1.193 ± 0.02	2.056ThrAsp: 2.056 ± 0.024	3.373ThrGlu: 3.373 ± 0.034	2.716ThrPhe: 2.716 ± 0.033	2.873ThrGly: 2.873 ± 0.031	1.034ThrHis: 1.034 ± 0.018	2.861ThrIle: 2.861 ± 0.035	3.017ThrLys: 3.017 ± 0.033	5.284ThrLeu: 5.284 ± 0.043	0.975ThrMet: 0.975 ± 0.017	2.161ThrAsn: 2.161 ± 0.027	2.112ThrPro: 2.112 ± 0.041	1.963ThrGln: 1.963 ± 0.027	2.678ThrArg: 2.678 ± 0.031	4.708ThrSer: 4.708 ± 0.049	2.935ThrThr: 2.935 ± 0.037	3.395ThrVal: 3.395 ± 0.032	0.664ThrTrp: 0.664 ± 0.018	1.414ThrTyr: 1.414 ± 0.024	0.024ThrXaa: 0.024 ± 0.007
Val	4.399ValAla: 4.399 ± 0.043	1.274ValCys: 1.274 ± 0.025	3.735ValAsp: 3.735 ± 0.04	4.935ValGlu: 4.935 ± 0.045	3.231ValPhe: 3.231 ± 0.037	3.738ValGly: 3.738 ± 0.04	1.488ValHis: 1.488 ± 0.022	3.64ValIle: 3.64 ± 0.036	3.111ValLys: 3.111 ± 0.033	6.322ValLeu: 6.322 ± 0.058	1.146ValMet: 1.146 ± 0.017	2.363ValAsn: 2.363 ± 0.028	2.885ValPro: 2.885 ± 0.031	2.546ValGln: 2.546 ± 0.03	3.128ValArg: 3.128 ± 0.037	5.778ValSer: 5.778 ± 0.051	3.403ValThr: 3.403 ± 0.045	4.908ValVal: 4.908 ± 0.044	0.819ValTrp: 0.819 ± 0.014	2.112ValTyr: 2.112 ± 0.028	0.025ValXaa: 0.025 ± 0.005
Trp	0.496TrpAla: 0.496 ± 0.013	0.258TrpCys: 0.258 ± 0.009	0.696TrpAsp: 0.696 ± 0.018	0.847TrpGlu: 0.847 ± 0.018	0.671TrpPhe: 0.671 ± 0.015	0.548TrpGly: 0.548 ± 0.016	0.281TrpHis: 0.281 ± 0.01	1.005TrpIle: 1.005 ± 0.026	1.598TrpLys: 1.598 ± 0.027	1.589TrpLeu: 1.589 ± 0.028	0.376TrpMet: 0.376 ± 0.012	1.087TrpAsn: 1.087 ± 0.018	0.384TrpPro: 0.384 ± 0.013	0.566TrpGln: 0.566 ± 0.013	0.808TrpArg: 0.808 ± 0.017	1.18TrpSer: 1.18 ± 0.021	0.73TrpThr: 0.73 ± 0.017	0.618TrpVal: 0.618 ± 0.015	0.209TrpTrp: 0.209 ± 0.01	0.42TrpTyr: 0.42 ± 0.013	0.007TrpXaa: 0.007 ± 0.002
Tyr	1.701TyrAla: 1.701 ± 0.024	0.784TyrCys: 0.784 ± 0.018	1.634TyrAsp: 1.634 ± 0.023	2.023TyrGlu: 2.023 ± 0.027	1.805TyrPhe: 1.805 ± 0.027	1.953TyrGly: 1.953 ± 0.029	0.867TyrHis: 0.867 ± 0.018	1.951TyrIle: 1.951 ± 0.027	1.429TyrLys: 1.429 ± 0.024	3.79TyrLeu: 3.79 ± 0.041	0.655TyrMet: 0.655 ± 0.015	1.192TyrAsn: 1.192 ± 0.023	1.464TyrPro: 1.464 ± 0.024	1.407TyrGln: 1.407 ± 0.021	2.139TyrArg: 2.139 ± 0.026	3.08TyrSer: 3.08 ± 0.037	1.36TyrThr: 1.36 ± 0.024	1.957TyrVal: 1.957 ± 0.028	0.482TyrTrp: 0.482 ± 0.014	1.358TyrTyr: 1.358 ± 0.027	0.011TyrXaa: 0.011 ± 0.002
Xaa	0.016XaaAla: 0.016 ± 0.005	0.001XaaCys: 0.001 ± 0.001	0.046XaaAsp: 0.046 ± 0.01	0.06XaaGlu: 0.06 ± 0.012	0.001XaaPhe: 0.001 ± 0.001	0.031XaaGly: 0.031 ± 0.015	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.017XaaIle: 0.017 ± 0.004	0.04XaaLys: 0.04 ± 0.008	0.002XaaLeu: 0.002 ± 0.001	0.01XaaMet: 0.01 ± 0.002	0.044XaaAsn: 0.044 ± 0.01	0.0XaaPro: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaGln: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.025XaaArg: 0.025 ± 0.005	0.033XaaSer: 0.033 ± 0.007	0.052XaaThr: 0.052 ± 0.019	0.009XaaVal: 0.009 ± 0.002	0.001XaaTrp: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.002XaaTyr: 0.002 ± 0.001	0.53XaaXaa: 0.53 ± 0.171

Statistics based on 7035 proteins (2960182 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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