Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Ailuropoda melanoleuca (Giant panda)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	6.974AlaAla: 6.974 ± 0.031	1.433AlaCys: 1.433 ± 0.01	2.991AlaAsp: 2.991 ± 0.012	4.834AlaGlu: 4.834 ± 0.021	2.604AlaPhe: 2.604 ± 0.013	4.968AlaGly: 4.968 ± 0.023	1.582AlaHis: 1.582 ± 0.01	2.714AlaIle: 2.714 ± 0.013	3.439AlaLys: 3.439 ± 0.022	7.211AlaLeu: 7.211 ± 0.028	1.477AlaMet: 1.477 ± 0.008	1.996AlaAsn: 1.996 ± 0.012	4.423AlaPro: 4.423 ± 0.029	3.292AlaGln: 3.292 ± 0.016	3.857AlaArg: 3.857 ± 0.017	5.912AlaSer: 5.912 ± 0.021	3.498AlaThr: 3.498 ± 0.016	4.739AlaVal: 4.739 ± 0.018	0.804AlaTrp: 0.804 ± 0.007	1.505AlaTyr: 1.505 ± 0.009	0.005AlaXaa: 0.005 ± 0.0
Cys	1.299CysAla: 1.299 ± 0.011	0.612CysCys: 0.612 ± 0.008	0.985CysAsp: 0.985 ± 0.01	1.26CysGlu: 1.26 ± 0.012	0.833CysPhe: 0.833 ± 0.006	1.716CysGly: 1.716 ± 0.017	0.662CysHis: 0.662 ± 0.007	0.906CysIle: 0.906 ± 0.007	1.104CysLys: 1.104 ± 0.01	2.14CysLeu: 2.14 ± 0.012	0.413CysMet: 0.413 ± 0.004	0.768CysAsn: 0.768 ± 0.006	1.426CysPro: 1.426 ± 0.015	1.056CysGln: 1.056 ± 0.01	1.306CysArg: 1.306 ± 0.01	1.997CysSer: 1.997 ± 0.014	1.074CysThr: 1.074 ± 0.01	1.331CysVal: 1.331 ± 0.011	0.292CysTrp: 0.292 ± 0.003	0.555CysTyr: 0.555 ± 0.005	0.001CysXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Asp	2.871AspAla: 2.871 ± 0.013	1.013AspCys: 1.013 ± 0.009	2.569AspAsp: 2.569 ± 0.015	3.419AspGlu: 3.419 ± 0.015	2.107AspPhe: 2.107 ± 0.009	3.299AspGly: 3.299 ± 0.018	1.12AspHis: 1.12 ± 0.006	2.532AspIle: 2.532 ± 0.012	2.517AspLys: 2.517 ± 0.014	4.99AspLeu: 4.99 ± 0.018	1.094AspMet: 1.094 ± 0.008	1.645AspAsn: 1.645 ± 0.01	2.944AspPro: 2.944 ± 0.015	1.837AspGln: 1.837 ± 0.009	2.483AspArg: 2.483 ± 0.012	4.197AspSer: 4.197 ± 0.022	2.47AspThr: 2.47 ± 0.014	3.061AspVal: 3.061 ± 0.013	0.619AspTrp: 0.619 ± 0.006	1.46AspTyr: 1.46 ± 0.01	0.002AspXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Glu	5.307GluAla: 5.307 ± 0.023	1.395GluCys: 1.395 ± 0.018	4.437GluAsp: 4.437 ± 0.018	7.857GluGlu: 7.857 ± 0.04	2.013GluPhe: 2.013 ± 0.012	4.28GluGly: 4.28 ± 0.016	1.49GluHis: 1.49 ± 0.01	3.111GluIle: 3.111 ± 0.016	5.429GluLys: 5.429 ± 0.034	6.489GluLeu: 6.489 ± 0.032	1.642GluMet: 1.642 ± 0.011	3.124GluAsn: 3.124 ± 0.015	3.303GluPro: 3.303 ± 0.018	3.167GluGln: 3.167 ± 0.018	4.104GluArg: 4.104 ± 0.019	4.41GluSer: 4.41 ± 0.021	3.395GluThr: 3.395 ± 0.015	4.156GluVal: 4.156 ± 0.016	0.692GluTrp: 0.692 ± 0.006	1.559GluTyr: 1.559 ± 0.01	0.002GluXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Phe	1.961PheAla: 1.961 ± 0.011	0.921PheCys: 0.921 ± 0.007	1.646PheAsp: 1.646 ± 0.009	1.985PheGlu: 1.985 ± 0.011	1.629PhePhe: 1.629 ± 0.014	2.192PheGly: 2.192 ± 0.014	1.017PheHis: 1.017 ± 0.007	1.81PheIle: 1.81 ± 0.013	1.739PheLys: 1.739 ± 0.01	4.065PheLeu: 4.065 ± 0.018	0.738PheMet: 0.738 ± 0.007	1.313PheAsn: 1.313 ± 0.008	2.045PhePro: 2.045 ± 0.012	1.771PheGln: 1.771 ± 0.01	1.957PheArg: 1.957 ± 0.011	3.389PheSer: 3.389 ± 0.014	2.016PheThr: 2.016 ± 0.01	2.107PheVal: 2.107 ± 0.012	0.487PheTrp: 0.487 ± 0.006	1.161PheTyr: 1.161 ± 0.008	0.002PheXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Gly	4.752GlyAla: 4.752 ± 0.021	1.282GlyCys: 1.282 ± 0.012	3.169GlyAsp: 3.169 ± 0.016	4.163GlyGlu: 4.163 ± 0.02	2.413GlyPhe: 2.413 ± 0.015	5.203GlyGly: 5.203 ± 0.028	1.698GlyHis: 1.698 ± 0.01	2.704GlyIle: 2.704 ± 0.014	3.765GlyLys: 3.765 ± 0.017	5.956GlyLeu: 5.956 ± 0.026	1.278GlyMet: 1.278 ± 0.008	2.332GlyAsn: 2.332 ± 0.012	4.478GlyPro: 4.478 ± 0.044	2.846GlyGln: 2.846 ± 0.015	4.004GlyArg: 4.004 ± 0.018	5.898GlySer: 5.898 ± 0.022	3.631GlyThr: 3.631 ± 0.015	3.659GlyVal: 3.659 ± 0.019	0.832GlyTrp: 0.832 ± 0.009	1.699GlyTyr: 1.699 ± 0.011	0.007GlyXaa: 0.007 ± 0.001
His	1.355HisAla: 1.355 ± 0.009	0.716HisCys: 0.716 ± 0.008	0.869HisAsp: 0.869 ± 0.007	1.305HisGlu: 1.305 ± 0.008	1.072HisPhe: 1.072 ± 0.006	1.576HisGly: 1.576 ± 0.01	0.884HisHis: 0.884 ± 0.009	1.216HisIle: 1.216 ± 0.01	1.22HisLys: 1.22 ± 0.009	2.907HisLeu: 2.907 ± 0.015	0.564HisMet: 0.564 ± 0.005	0.831HisAsn: 0.831 ± 0.007	1.683HisPro: 1.683 ± 0.011	1.317HisGln: 1.317 ± 0.011	1.616HisArg: 1.616 ± 0.009	2.278HisSer: 2.278 ± 0.012	1.5HisThr: 1.5 ± 0.013	1.527HisVal: 1.527 ± 0.009	0.342HisTrp: 0.342 ± 0.004	0.781HisTyr: 0.781 ± 0.006	0.001HisXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Ile	2.5IleAla: 2.5 ± 0.012	1.045IleCys: 1.045 ± 0.008	1.957IleAsp: 1.957 ± 0.01	2.516IleGlu: 2.516 ± 0.014	1.842IlePhe: 1.842 ± 0.011	2.157IleGly: 2.157 ± 0.012	1.294IleHis: 1.294 ± 0.011	2.282IleIle: 2.282 ± 0.013	2.566IleLys: 2.566 ± 0.014	4.454IleLeu: 4.454 ± 0.019	0.965IleMet: 0.965 ± 0.008	1.766IleAsn: 1.766 ± 0.01	2.563IlePro: 2.563 ± 0.013	2.233IleGln: 2.233 ± 0.011	2.343IleArg: 2.343 ± 0.011	3.624IleSer: 3.624 ± 0.018	2.478IleThr: 2.478 ± 0.013	2.45IleVal: 2.45 ± 0.014	0.494IleTrp: 0.494 ± 0.005	1.36IleTyr: 1.36 ± 0.008	0.002IleXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Lys	3.976LysAla: 3.976 ± 0.023	1.091LysCys: 1.091 ± 0.009	3.143LysAsp: 3.143 ± 0.017	5.137LysGlu: 5.137 ± 0.03	1.706LysPhe: 1.706 ± 0.01	3.268LysGly: 3.268 ± 0.025	1.397LysHis: 1.397 ± 0.011	2.713LysIle: 2.713 ± 0.014	4.663LysLys: 4.663 ± 0.029	5.155LysLeu: 5.155 ± 0.022	1.439LysMet: 1.439 ± 0.01	2.377LysAsn: 2.377 ± 0.013	3.087LysPro: 3.087 ± 0.017	2.624LysGln: 2.624 ± 0.016	3.285LysArg: 3.285 ± 0.015	3.924LysSer: 3.924 ± 0.022	3.068LysThr: 3.068 ± 0.014	3.384LysVal: 3.384 ± 0.017	0.586LysTrp: 0.586 ± 0.005	1.533LysTyr: 1.533 ± 0.012	0.002LysXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Leu	6.852LeuAla: 6.852 ± 0.024	2.167LeuCys: 2.167 ± 0.013	4.708LeuAsp: 4.708 ± 0.019	7.223LeuGlu: 7.223 ± 0.034	3.345LeuPhe: 3.345 ± 0.017	5.95LeuGly: 5.95 ± 0.024	2.72LeuHis: 2.72 ± 0.016	3.757LeuIle: 3.757 ± 0.018	5.765LeuLys: 5.765 ± 0.024	10.693LeuLeu: 10.693 ± 0.044	1.959LeuMet: 1.959 ± 0.011	3.438LeuAsn: 3.438 ± 0.016	6.134LeuPro: 6.134 ± 0.026	5.759LeuGln: 5.759 ± 0.027	6.039LeuArg: 6.039 ± 0.026	8.065LeuSer: 8.065 ± 0.024	5.047LeuThr: 5.047 ± 0.021	5.459LeuVal: 5.459 ± 0.022	1.126LeuTrp: 1.126 ± 0.009	2.506LeuTyr: 2.506 ± 0.013	0.004LeuXaa: 0.004 ± 0.0
Met	1.877MetAla: 1.877 ± 0.01	0.387MetCys: 0.387 ± 0.005	1.234MetAsp: 1.234 ± 0.009	1.84MetGlu: 1.84 ± 0.01	0.708MetPhe: 0.708 ± 0.006	1.263MetGly: 1.263 ± 0.008	0.444MetHis: 0.444 ± 0.004	0.813MetIle: 0.813 ± 0.006	1.405MetLys: 1.405 ± 0.01	1.935MetLeu: 1.935 ± 0.011	0.55MetMet: 0.55 ± 0.006	0.89MetAsn: 0.89 ± 0.008	1.077MetPro: 1.077 ± 0.009	0.905MetGln: 0.905 ± 0.007	1.04MetArg: 1.04 ± 0.007	1.549MetSer: 1.549 ± 0.01	1.098MetThr: 1.098 ± 0.007	1.357MetVal: 1.357 ± 0.008	0.242MetTrp: 0.242 ± 0.003	0.579MetTyr: 0.579 ± 0.005	0.001MetXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Asn	2.022AsnAla: 2.022 ± 0.011	0.804AsnCys: 0.804 ± 0.007	1.489AsnAsp: 1.489 ± 0.008	2.219AsnGlu: 2.219 ± 0.014	1.444AsnPhe: 1.444 ± 0.009	2.413AsnGly: 2.413 ± 0.014	0.941AsnHis: 0.941 ± 0.007	2.033AsnIle: 2.033 ± 0.011	2.176AsnLys: 2.176 ± 0.014	3.617AsnLeu: 3.617 ± 0.018	0.888AsnMet: 0.888 ± 0.006	1.481AsnAsn: 1.481 ± 0.01	2.154AsnPro: 2.154 ± 0.012	1.651AsnGln: 1.651 ± 0.011	1.819AsnArg: 1.819 ± 0.01	3.052AsnSer: 3.052 ± 0.018	1.908AsnThr: 1.908 ± 0.01	2.155AsnVal: 2.155 ± 0.011	0.434AsnTrp: 0.434 ± 0.005	1.092AsnTyr: 1.092 ± 0.008	0.001AsnXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Pro	5.171ProAla: 5.171 ± 0.03	1.173ProCys: 1.173 ± 0.012	2.816ProAsp: 2.816 ± 0.014	4.523ProGlu: 4.523 ± 0.019	1.947ProPhe: 1.947 ± 0.012	5.588ProGly: 5.588 ± 0.056	1.477ProHis: 1.477 ± 0.011	1.83ProIle: 1.83 ± 0.011	2.794ProLys: 2.794 ± 0.017	5.365ProLeu: 5.365 ± 0.021	1.048ProMet: 1.048 ± 0.008	1.771ProAsn: 1.771 ± 0.009	6.308ProPro: 6.308 ± 0.055	2.916ProGln: 2.916 ± 0.018	3.608ProArg: 3.608 ± 0.021	5.935ProSer: 5.935 ± 0.029	3.118ProThr: 3.118 ± 0.017	3.895ProVal: 3.895 ± 0.019	0.714ProTrp: 0.714 ± 0.007	1.48ProTyr: 1.48 ± 0.012	0.008ProXaa: 0.008 ± 0.001
Gln	3.563GlnAla: 3.563 ± 0.019	0.928GlnCys: 0.928 ± 0.01	2.346GlnAsp: 2.346 ± 0.011	3.932GlnGlu: 3.932 ± 0.019	1.344GlnPhe: 1.344 ± 0.009	2.899GlnGly: 2.899 ± 0.018	1.288GlnHis: 1.288 ± 0.008	1.966GlnIle: 1.966 ± 0.011	2.954GlnLys: 2.954 ± 0.017	4.747GlnLeu: 4.747 ± 0.023	1.111GlnMet: 1.111 ± 0.008	1.845GlnAsn: 1.845 ± 0.012	2.848GlnPro: 2.848 ± 0.019	3.074GlnGln: 3.074 ± 0.03	3.023GlnArg: 3.023 ± 0.017	3.165GlnSer: 3.165 ± 0.014	2.292GlnThr: 2.292 ± 0.012	2.816GlnVal: 2.816 ± 0.014	0.53GlnTrp: 0.53 ± 0.005	1.118GlnTyr: 1.118 ± 0.009	0.001GlnXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Arg	4.083ArgAla: 4.083 ± 0.018	1.239ArgCys: 1.239 ± 0.012	2.776ArgAsp: 2.776 ± 0.013	4.127ArgGlu: 4.127 ± 0.02	1.797ArgPhe: 1.797 ± 0.008	3.857ArgGly: 3.857 ± 0.023	1.536ArgHis: 1.536 ± 0.008	2.403ArgIle: 2.403 ± 0.012	3.707ArgLys: 3.707 ± 0.017	5.486ArgLeu: 5.486 ± 0.022	1.174ArgMet: 1.174 ± 0.007	2.108ArgAsn: 2.108 ± 0.01	3.45ArgPro: 3.45 ± 0.019	2.712ArgGln: 2.712 ± 0.015	4.49ArgArg: 4.49 ± 0.025	4.414ArgSer: 4.414 ± 0.026	2.887ArgThr: 2.887 ± 0.012	3.212ArgVal: 3.212 ± 0.014	0.726ArgTrp: 0.726 ± 0.007	1.44ArgTyr: 1.44 ± 0.009	0.005ArgXaa: 0.005 ± 0.0
Ser	5.455SerAla: 5.455 ± 0.02	1.867SerCys: 1.867 ± 0.012	3.881SerAsp: 3.881 ± 0.027	5.203SerGlu: 5.203 ± 0.024	3.035SerPhe: 3.035 ± 0.014	5.761SerGly: 5.761 ± 0.024	2.128SerHis: 2.128 ± 0.012	3.113SerIle: 3.113 ± 0.014	4.06SerLys: 4.06 ± 0.02	8.287SerLeu: 8.287 ± 0.024	1.575SerMet: 1.575 ± 0.008	2.617SerAsn: 2.617 ± 0.015	6.316SerPro: 6.316 ± 0.036	3.888SerGln: 3.888 ± 0.016	4.683SerArg: 4.683 ± 0.023	9.366SerSer: 9.366 ± 0.048	4.394SerThr: 4.394 ± 0.019	4.946SerVal: 4.946 ± 0.02	1.085SerTrp: 1.085 ± 0.008	2.029SerTyr: 2.029 ± 0.011	0.004SerXaa: 0.004 ± 0.0
Thr	3.775ThrAla: 3.775 ± 0.014	1.287ThrCys: 1.287 ± 0.012	2.426ThrAsp: 2.426 ± 0.012	3.555ThrGlu: 3.555 ± 0.015	2.088ThrPhe: 2.088 ± 0.011	3.511ThrGly: 3.511 ± 0.017	1.275ThrHis: 1.275 ± 0.011	2.302ThrIle: 2.302 ± 0.013	2.605ThrLys: 2.605 ± 0.013	5.214ThrLeu: 5.214 ± 0.015	1.088ThrMet: 1.088 ± 0.008	1.687ThrAsn: 1.687 ± 0.011	3.655ThrPro: 3.655 ± 0.023	2.284ThrGln: 2.284 ± 0.011	2.513ThrArg: 2.513 ± 0.012	4.542ThrSer: 4.542 ± 0.019	2.864ThrThr: 2.864 ± 0.018	3.845ThrVal: 3.845 ± 0.018	0.684ThrTrp: 0.684 ± 0.007	1.388ThrTyr: 1.388 ± 0.01	0.002ThrXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Val	4.283ValAla: 4.283 ± 0.017	1.468ValCys: 1.468 ± 0.012	2.89ValAsp: 2.89 ± 0.015	3.783ValGlu: 3.783 ± 0.018	2.391ValPhe: 2.391 ± 0.015	3.45ValGly: 3.45 ± 0.016	1.574ValHis: 1.574 ± 0.011	2.84ValIle: 2.84 ± 0.013	3.356ValLys: 3.356 ± 0.015	6.243ValLeu: 6.243 ± 0.023	1.311ValMet: 1.311 ± 0.008	2.207ValAsn: 2.207 ± 0.011	3.75ValPro: 3.75 ± 0.017	2.695ValGln: 2.695 ± 0.014	3.126ValArg: 3.126 ± 0.014	4.933ValSer: 4.933 ± 0.02	3.747ValThr: 3.747 ± 0.017	3.928ValVal: 3.928 ± 0.018	0.724ValTrp: 0.724 ± 0.007	1.606ValTyr: 1.606 ± 0.009	0.003ValXaa: 0.003 ± 0.0
Trp	0.804TrpAla: 0.804 ± 0.007	0.248TrpCys: 0.248 ± 0.004	0.653TrpAsp: 0.653 ± 0.006	0.804TrpGlu: 0.804 ± 0.007	0.429TrpPhe: 0.429 ± 0.005	0.769TrpGly: 0.769 ± 0.007	0.297TrpHis: 0.297 ± 0.004	0.526TrpIle: 0.526 ± 0.006	0.796TrpLys: 0.796 ± 0.005	1.2TrpLeu: 1.2 ± 0.008	0.308TrpMet: 0.308 ± 0.004	0.539TrpAsn: 0.539 ± 0.006	0.548TrpPro: 0.548 ± 0.006	0.529TrpGln: 0.529 ± 0.006	0.755TrpArg: 0.755 ± 0.006	0.869TrpSer: 0.869 ± 0.007	0.659TrpThr: 0.659 ± 0.006	0.701TrpVal: 0.701 ± 0.006	0.2TrpTrp: 0.2 ± 0.003	0.322TrpTyr: 0.322 ± 0.004	0.001TrpXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.372TyrAla: 1.372 ± 0.009	0.661TyrCys: 0.661 ± 0.006	1.266TyrAsp: 1.266 ± 0.009	1.673TyrGlu: 1.673 ± 0.011	1.202TyrPhe: 1.202 ± 0.008	1.639TyrGly: 1.639 ± 0.011	0.734TyrHis: 0.734 ± 0.007	1.321TyrIle: 1.321 ± 0.009	1.495TyrLys: 1.495 ± 0.02	2.559TyrLeu: 2.559 ± 0.014	0.571TyrMet: 0.571 ± 0.005	1.059TyrAsn: 1.059 ± 0.007	1.284TyrPro: 1.284 ± 0.009	1.231TyrGln: 1.231 ± 0.009	1.578TyrArg: 1.578 ± 0.011	2.166TyrSer: 2.166 ± 0.012	1.443TyrThr: 1.443 ± 0.01	1.577TyrVal: 1.577 ± 0.01	0.344TyrTrp: 0.344 ± 0.005	0.905TyrTyr: 0.905 ± 0.007	0.001TyrXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.006XaaAla: 0.006 ± 0.0	0.001XaaCys: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaAsp: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.003XaaGlu: 0.003 ± 0.0	0.002XaaPhe: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.009XaaGly: 0.009 ± 0.001	0.001XaaHis: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaIle: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.002XaaLys: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.005XaaLeu: 0.005 ± 0.0	0.001XaaMet: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaAsn: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.008XaaPro: 0.008 ± 0.001	0.002XaaGln: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.004XaaArg: 0.004 ± 0.0	0.003XaaSer: 0.003 ± 0.0	0.002XaaThr: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.003XaaVal: 0.003 ± 0.0	0.001XaaTrp: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTyr: 0.0 ± 0.0	1.376XaaXaa: 1.376 ± 0.088

Statistics based on 38528 proteins (22681218 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

---