Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Theobroma cacao (Cacao) (Cocoa)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	6.205AlaAla: 6.205 ± 0.028	1.297AlaCys: 1.297 ± 0.01	3.106AlaAsp: 3.106 ± 0.015	4.194AlaGlu: 4.194 ± 0.022	2.796AlaPhe: 2.796 ± 0.016	3.988AlaGly: 3.988 ± 0.015	1.295AlaHis: 1.295 ± 0.009	3.786AlaIle: 3.786 ± 0.017	3.957AlaLys: 3.957 ± 0.019	6.751AlaLeu: 6.751 ± 0.026	1.794AlaMet: 1.794 ± 0.013	2.647AlaAsn: 2.647 ± 0.012	2.751AlaPro: 2.751 ± 0.016	2.171AlaGln: 2.171 ± 0.013	3.395AlaArg: 3.395 ± 0.014	6.035AlaSer: 6.035 ± 0.02	3.538AlaThr: 3.538 ± 0.015	4.75AlaVal: 4.75 ± 0.017	0.791AlaTrp: 0.791 ± 0.006	1.828AlaTyr: 1.828 ± 0.012	0.0AlaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Cys	1.008CysAla: 1.008 ± 0.008	0.569CysCys: 0.569 ± 0.006	0.889CysAsp: 0.889 ± 0.008	0.929CysGlu: 0.929 ± 0.007	0.955CysPhe: 0.955 ± 0.008	1.383CysGly: 1.383 ± 0.01	0.525CysHis: 0.525 ± 0.006	1.06CysIle: 1.06 ± 0.008	1.206CysLys: 1.206 ± 0.009	2.044CysLeu: 2.044 ± 0.013	0.463CysMet: 0.463 ± 0.005	0.9CysAsn: 0.9 ± 0.008	0.979CysPro: 0.979 ± 0.008	0.676CysGln: 0.676 ± 0.006	1.069CysArg: 1.069 ± 0.008	1.929CysSer: 1.929 ± 0.013	0.859CysThr: 0.859 ± 0.008	1.044CysVal: 1.044 ± 0.008	0.269CysTrp: 0.269 ± 0.004	0.57CysTyr: 0.57 ± 0.006	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	3.452AspAla: 3.452 ± 0.016	1.013AspCys: 1.013 ± 0.008	3.516AspAsp: 3.516 ± 0.021	3.864AspGlu: 3.864 ± 0.018	2.33AspPhe: 2.33 ± 0.012	3.757AspGly: 3.757 ± 0.016	1.174AspHis: 1.174 ± 0.009	3.018AspIle: 3.018 ± 0.013	2.766AspLys: 2.766 ± 0.014	5.071AspLeu: 5.071 ± 0.021	1.316AspMet: 1.316 ± 0.01	2.104AspAsn: 2.104 ± 0.012	2.504AspPro: 2.504 ± 0.014	1.795AspGln: 1.795 ± 0.011	2.393AspArg: 2.393 ± 0.015	4.255AspSer: 4.255 ± 0.017	2.122AspThr: 2.122 ± 0.01	3.555AspVal: 3.555 ± 0.018	0.713AspTrp: 0.713 ± 0.007	1.522AspTyr: 1.522 ± 0.01	0.001AspXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Glu	4.763GluAla: 4.763 ± 0.022	0.954GluCys: 0.954 ± 0.008	3.921GluAsp: 3.921 ± 0.02	6.229GluGlu: 6.229 ± 0.035	2.421GluPhe: 2.421 ± 0.012	3.753GluGly: 3.753 ± 0.018	1.259GluHis: 1.259 ± 0.009	3.741GluIle: 3.741 ± 0.015	4.89GluLys: 4.89 ± 0.022	6.05GluLeu: 6.05 ± 0.026	1.811GluMet: 1.811 ± 0.01	3.195GluAsn: 3.195 ± 0.016	2.125GluPro: 2.125 ± 0.012	2.265GluGln: 2.265 ± 0.014	3.504GluArg: 3.504 ± 0.018	4.616GluSer: 4.616 ± 0.019	3.086GluThr: 3.086 ± 0.016	4.188GluVal: 4.188 ± 0.019	0.761GluTrp: 0.761 ± 0.006	1.607GluTyr: 1.607 ± 0.01	0.0GluXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Phe	2.535PheAla: 2.535 ± 0.013	0.971PheCys: 0.971 ± 0.009	2.306PheAsp: 2.306 ± 0.012	2.33PheGlu: 2.33 ± 0.012	2.066PhePhe: 2.066 ± 0.014	2.986PheGly: 2.986 ± 0.014	1.152PheHis: 1.152 ± 0.009	2.137PheIle: 2.137 ± 0.013	2.17PheLys: 2.17 ± 0.012	4.52PheLeu: 4.52 ± 0.021	0.974PheMet: 0.974 ± 0.008	1.798PheAsn: 1.798 ± 0.011	2.136PhePro: 2.136 ± 0.013	1.618PheGln: 1.618 ± 0.01	2.036PheArg: 2.036 ± 0.012	4.235PheSer: 4.235 ± 0.019	1.993PheThr: 1.993 ± 0.012	2.72PheVal: 2.72 ± 0.016	0.603PheTrp: 0.603 ± 0.006	1.292PheTyr: 1.292 ± 0.01	0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly	3.774GlyAla: 3.774 ± 0.016	1.33GlyCys: 1.33 ± 0.009	3.289GlyAsp: 3.289 ± 0.015	3.679GlyGlu: 3.679 ± 0.017	3.104GlyPhe: 3.104 ± 0.016	4.907GlyGly: 4.907 ± 0.032	1.546GlyHis: 1.546 ± 0.011	3.62GlyIle: 3.62 ± 0.017	4.159GlyLys: 4.159 ± 0.016	5.932GlyLeu: 5.932 ± 0.02	1.516GlyMet: 1.516 ± 0.011	3.175GlyAsn: 3.175 ± 0.017	2.414GlyPro: 2.414 ± 0.014	2.179GlyGln: 2.179 ± 0.014	3.554GlyArg: 3.554 ± 0.019	6.032GlySer: 6.032 ± 0.023	3.13GlyThr: 3.13 ± 0.013	4.085GlyVal: 4.085 ± 0.018	0.894GlyTrp: 0.894 ± 0.008	2.023GlyTyr: 2.023 ± 0.013	0.0GlyXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
His	1.435HisAla: 1.435 ± 0.009	0.54HisCys: 0.54 ± 0.005	1.149HisAsp: 1.149 ± 0.009	1.289HisGlu: 1.289 ± 0.009	1.109HisPhe: 1.109 ± 0.009	1.702HisGly: 1.702 ± 0.011	0.904HisHis: 0.904 ± 0.011	1.222HisIle: 1.222 ± 0.008	1.166HisLys: 1.166 ± 0.009	2.479HisLeu: 2.479 ± 0.013	0.554HisMet: 0.554 ± 0.006	0.931HisAsn: 0.931 ± 0.008	1.39HisPro: 1.39 ± 0.01	1.046HisGln: 1.046 ± 0.007	1.33HisArg: 1.33 ± 0.008	1.961HisSer: 1.961 ± 0.011	0.939HisThr: 0.939 ± 0.008	1.537HisVal: 1.537 ± 0.01	0.317HisTrp: 0.317 ± 0.004	0.701HisTyr: 0.701 ± 0.007	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	3.563IleAla: 3.563 ± 0.017	1.154IleCys: 1.154 ± 0.008	2.896IleAsp: 2.896 ± 0.014	3.279IleGlu: 3.279 ± 0.015	2.321IlePhe: 2.321 ± 0.014	3.39IleGly: 3.39 ± 0.016	1.298IleHis: 1.298 ± 0.009	2.816IleIle: 2.816 ± 0.016	3.014IleLys: 3.014 ± 0.013	5.285IleLeu: 5.285 ± 0.02	1.141IleMet: 1.141 ± 0.008	2.213IleAsn: 2.213 ± 0.011	2.952IlePro: 2.952 ± 0.018	2.015IleGln: 2.015 ± 0.01	2.711IleArg: 2.711 ± 0.014	4.939IleSer: 4.939 ± 0.019	2.525IleThr: 2.525 ± 0.013	3.396IleVal: 3.396 ± 0.015	0.737IleTrp: 0.737 ± 0.008	1.519IleTyr: 1.519 ± 0.011	0.0IleXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Lys	4.151LysAla: 4.151 ± 0.017	1.023LysCys: 1.023 ± 0.008	3.278LysAsp: 3.278 ± 0.014	4.854LysGlu: 4.854 ± 0.025	2.266LysPhe: 2.266 ± 0.011	3.739LysGly: 3.739 ± 0.016	1.36LysHis: 1.36 ± 0.01	3.303LysIle: 3.303 ± 0.015	4.705LysLys: 4.705 ± 0.026	6.172LysLeu: 6.172 ± 0.021	1.545LysMet: 1.545 ± 0.01	2.715LysAsn: 2.715 ± 0.014	2.785LysPro: 2.785 ± 0.014	2.399LysGln: 2.399 ± 0.013	3.643LysArg: 3.643 ± 0.016	4.676LysSer: 4.676 ± 0.018	2.865LysThr: 2.865 ± 0.016	3.99LysVal: 3.99 ± 0.017	0.834LysTrp: 0.834 ± 0.007	1.608LysTyr: 1.608 ± 0.009	0.0LysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Leu	6.59LeuAla: 6.59 ± 0.022	1.929LeuCys: 1.929 ± 0.012	5.129LeuAsp: 5.129 ± 0.02	6.551LeuGlu: 6.551 ± 0.028	3.968LeuPhe: 3.968 ± 0.018	5.81LeuGly: 5.81 ± 0.024	2.628LeuHis: 2.628 ± 0.014	4.689LeuIle: 4.689 ± 0.019	6.399LeuLys: 6.399 ± 0.025	10.179LeuLeu: 10.179 ± 0.034	2.175LeuMet: 2.175 ± 0.011	4.091LeuAsn: 4.091 ± 0.018	5.292LeuPro: 5.292 ± 0.024	4.498LeuGln: 4.498 ± 0.023	5.472LeuArg: 5.472 ± 0.019	8.951LeuSer: 8.951 ± 0.031	4.494LeuThr: 4.494 ± 0.019	6.374LeuVal: 6.374 ± 0.022	1.208LeuTrp: 1.208 ± 0.009	2.56LeuTyr: 2.56 ± 0.014	0.001LeuXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Met	2.098MetAla: 2.098 ± 0.013	0.332MetCys: 0.332 ± 0.004	1.421MetAsp: 1.421 ± 0.01	2.014MetGlu: 2.014 ± 0.012	0.837MetPhe: 0.837 ± 0.007	1.614MetGly: 1.614 ± 0.011	0.549MetHis: 0.549 ± 0.006	1.202MetIle: 1.202 ± 0.009	1.643MetLys: 1.643 ± 0.01	2.257MetLeu: 2.257 ± 0.013	0.672MetMet: 0.672 ± 0.007	1.0MetAsn: 1.0 ± 0.008	1.093MetPro: 1.093 ± 0.009	0.987MetGln: 0.987 ± 0.009	1.207MetArg: 1.207 ± 0.009	1.755MetSer: 1.755 ± 0.01	1.062MetThr: 1.062 ± 0.008	1.659MetVal: 1.659 ± 0.01	0.266MetTrp: 0.266 ± 0.004	0.561MetTyr: 0.561 ± 0.006	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	2.736AsnAla: 2.736 ± 0.013	0.922AsnCys: 0.922 ± 0.007	2.11AsnAsp: 2.11 ± 0.01	2.614AsnGlu: 2.614 ± 0.014	1.976AsnPhe: 1.976 ± 0.011	3.304AsnGly: 3.304 ± 0.017	1.098AsnHis: 1.098 ± 0.009	2.453AsnIle: 2.453 ± 0.011	2.436AsnLys: 2.436 ± 0.012	4.838AsnLeu: 4.838 ± 0.026	1.101AsnMet: 1.101 ± 0.007	2.266AsnAsn: 2.266 ± 0.018	2.344AsnPro: 2.344 ± 0.012	1.797AsnGln: 1.797 ± 0.011	2.026AsnArg: 2.026 ± 0.011	3.987AsnSer: 3.987 ± 0.017	1.847AsnThr: 1.847 ± 0.012	2.787AsnVal: 2.787 ± 0.013	0.565AsnTrp: 0.565 ± 0.006	1.3AsnTyr: 1.3 ± 0.009	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	2.955ProAla: 2.955 ± 0.016	0.831ProCys: 0.831 ± 0.008	2.456ProAsp: 2.456 ± 0.013	3.039ProGlu: 3.039 ± 0.014	2.081ProPhe: 2.081 ± 0.011	2.68ProGly: 2.68 ± 0.014	1.092ProHis: 1.092 ± 0.009	2.353ProIle: 2.353 ± 0.013	2.753ProLys: 2.753 ± 0.014	4.442ProLeu: 4.442 ± 0.02	0.999ProMet: 0.999 ± 0.007	2.244ProAsn: 2.244 ± 0.013	3.732ProPro: 3.732 ± 0.04	1.873ProGln: 1.873 ± 0.015	2.374ProArg: 2.374 ± 0.013	5.156ProSer: 5.156 ± 0.024	2.589ProThr: 2.589 ± 0.014	3.049ProVal: 3.049 ± 0.016	0.628ProTrp: 0.628 ± 0.006	1.316ProTyr: 1.316 ± 0.01	0.0ProXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gln	2.525GlnAla: 2.525 ± 0.015	0.628GlnCys: 0.628 ± 0.006	1.717GlnAsp: 1.717 ± 0.01	2.506GlnGlu: 2.506 ± 0.014	1.444GlnPhe: 1.444 ± 0.01	2.229GlnGly: 2.229 ± 0.013	0.981GlnHis: 0.981 ± 0.008	2.069GlnIle: 2.069 ± 0.012	2.444GlnLys: 2.444 ± 0.014	3.828GlnLeu: 3.828 ± 0.015	0.996GlnMet: 0.996 ± 0.008	1.875GlnAsn: 1.875 ± 0.011	1.815GlnPro: 1.815 ± 0.015	2.217GlnGln: 2.217 ± 0.028	2.201GlnArg: 2.201 ± 0.013	3.017GlnSer: 3.017 ± 0.014	1.768GlnThr: 1.768 ± 0.01	2.453GlnVal: 2.453 ± 0.011	0.475GlnTrp: 0.475 ± 0.006	0.94GlnTyr: 0.94 ± 0.007	0.0GlnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Arg	3.232ArgAla: 3.232 ± 0.015	0.998ArgCys: 0.998 ± 0.008	2.656ArgAsp: 2.656 ± 0.015	3.412ArgGlu: 3.412 ± 0.018	2.215ArgPhe: 2.215 ± 0.011	3.188ArgGly: 3.188 ± 0.017	1.27ArgHis: 1.27 ± 0.009	2.871ArgIle: 2.871 ± 0.013	3.91ArgLys: 3.91 ± 0.018	5.065ArgLeu: 5.065 ± 0.017	1.358ArgMet: 1.358 ± 0.01	2.494ArgAsn: 2.494 ± 0.012	2.299ArgPro: 2.299 ± 0.012	1.977ArgGln: 1.977 ± 0.013	3.79ArgArg: 3.79 ± 0.02	4.311ArgSer: 4.311 ± 0.025	2.439ArgThr: 2.439 ± 0.013	3.257ArgVal: 3.257 ± 0.014	0.735ArgTrp: 0.735 ± 0.007	1.454ArgTyr: 1.454 ± 0.011	0.0ArgXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ser	5.378SerAla: 5.378 ± 0.02	1.814SerCys: 1.814 ± 0.012	4.343SerAsp: 4.343 ± 0.019	4.848SerGlu: 4.848 ± 0.023	4.141SerPhe: 4.141 ± 0.019	5.81SerGly: 5.81 ± 0.022	2.015SerHis: 2.015 ± 0.012	4.609SerIle: 4.609 ± 0.017	5.16SerLys: 5.16 ± 0.018	9.082SerLeu: 9.082 ± 0.027	2.106SerMet: 2.106 ± 0.012	4.151SerAsn: 4.151 ± 0.02	4.524SerPro: 4.524 ± 0.031	3.221SerGln: 3.221 ± 0.015	4.522SerArg: 4.522 ± 0.02	10.933SerSer: 10.933 ± 0.045	4.651SerThr: 4.651 ± 0.017	5.191SerVal: 5.191 ± 0.019	1.196SerTrp: 1.196 ± 0.008	2.307SerTyr: 2.307 ± 0.013	0.0SerXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Thr	3.415ThrAla: 3.415 ± 0.016	0.948ThrCys: 0.948 ± 0.007	2.209ThrAsp: 2.209 ± 0.011	2.735ThrGlu: 2.735 ± 0.013	2.043ThrPhe: 2.043 ± 0.014	3.167ThrGly: 3.167 ± 0.017	0.991ThrHis: 0.991 ± 0.009	2.663ThrIle: 2.663 ± 0.013	2.713ThrLys: 2.713 ± 0.013	4.634ThrLeu: 4.634 ± 0.017	1.151ThrMet: 1.151 ± 0.008	2.047ThrAsn: 2.047 ± 0.011	2.555ThrPro: 2.555 ± 0.015	1.551ThrGln: 1.551 ± 0.009	2.335ThrArg: 2.335 ± 0.012	4.529ThrSer: 4.529 ± 0.017	2.783ThrThr: 2.783 ± 0.014	3.262ThrVal: 3.262 ± 0.015	0.647ThrTrp: 0.647 ± 0.006	1.341ThrTyr: 1.341 ± 0.01	0.0ThrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Val	4.755ValAla: 4.755 ± 0.017	1.162ValCys: 1.162 ± 0.009	3.679ValAsp: 3.679 ± 0.014	4.401ValGlu: 4.401 ± 0.019	2.666ValPhe: 2.666 ± 0.014	4.114ValGly: 4.114 ± 0.017	1.518ValHis: 1.518 ± 0.01	3.349ValIle: 3.349 ± 0.016	3.934ValLys: 3.934 ± 0.016	6.294ValLeu: 6.294 ± 0.022	1.493ValMet: 1.493 ± 0.01	2.668ValAsn: 2.668 ± 0.012	3.199ValPro: 3.199 ± 0.015	2.365ValGln: 2.365 ± 0.014	3.062ValArg: 3.062 ± 0.013	5.426ValSer: 5.426 ± 0.018	3.159ValThr: 3.159 ± 0.013	4.695ValVal: 4.695 ± 0.02	0.78ValTrp: 0.78 ± 0.007	1.856ValTyr: 1.856 ± 0.01	0.0ValXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Trp	0.762TrpAla: 0.762 ± 0.007	0.249TrpCys: 0.249 ± 0.004	0.71TrpAsp: 0.71 ± 0.007	0.794TrpGlu: 0.794 ± 0.007	0.547TrpPhe: 0.547 ± 0.006	0.74TrpGly: 0.74 ± 0.007	0.32TrpHis: 0.32 ± 0.004	0.74TrpIle: 0.74 ± 0.008	0.974TrpLys: 0.974 ± 0.008	1.271TrpLeu: 1.271 ± 0.01	0.357TrpMet: 0.357 ± 0.005	0.714TrpAsn: 0.714 ± 0.007	0.51TrpPro: 0.51 ± 0.006	0.491TrpGln: 0.491 ± 0.005	0.851TrpArg: 0.851 ± 0.008	0.982TrpSer: 0.982 ± 0.007	0.633TrpThr: 0.633 ± 0.007	0.835TrpVal: 0.835 ± 0.008	0.245TrpTrp: 0.245 ± 0.004	0.336TrpTyr: 0.336 ± 0.005	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.745TyrAla: 1.745 ± 0.012	0.663TyrCys: 0.663 ± 0.007	1.463TyrAsp: 1.463 ± 0.009	1.576TyrGlu: 1.576 ± 0.01	1.293TyrPhe: 1.293 ± 0.01	2.08TyrGly: 2.08 ± 0.014	0.724TyrHis: 0.724 ± 0.006	1.462TyrIle: 1.462 ± 0.011	1.514TyrLys: 1.514 ± 0.011	2.795TyrLeu: 2.795 ± 0.014	0.709TyrMet: 0.709 ± 0.007	1.28TyrAsn: 1.28 ± 0.009	1.243TyrPro: 1.243 ± 0.01	0.985TyrGln: 0.985 ± 0.007	1.453TyrArg: 1.453 ± 0.01	2.279TyrSer: 2.279 ± 0.014	1.235TyrThr: 1.235 ± 0.009	1.747TyrVal: 1.747 ± 0.011	0.397TyrTrp: 0.397 ± 0.005	0.937TyrTyr: 0.937 ± 0.009	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.0XaaAla: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGlu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGly: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaIle: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaLeu: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPro: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGln: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaArg: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaSer: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaVal: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTyr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.162XaaXaa: 0.162 ± 0.02

Statistics based on 40614 proteins (17403952 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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