Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Pteropus vampyrus (Large flying fox)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	6.896AlaAla: 6.896 ± 0.036	1.385AlaCys: 1.385 ± 0.01	2.904AlaAsp: 2.904 ± 0.012	4.848AlaGlu: 4.848 ± 0.023	2.581AlaPhe: 2.581 ± 0.016	4.706AlaGly: 4.706 ± 0.025	1.576AlaHis: 1.576 ± 0.01	2.681AlaIle: 2.681 ± 0.015	3.399AlaLys: 3.399 ± 0.021	7.183AlaLeu: 7.183 ± 0.028	1.454AlaMet: 1.454 ± 0.009	2.0AlaAsn: 2.0 ± 0.011	4.387AlaPro: 4.387 ± 0.024	3.373AlaGln: 3.373 ± 0.017	3.757AlaArg: 3.757 ± 0.019	6.017AlaSer: 6.017 ± 0.021	3.61AlaThr: 3.61 ± 0.017	4.622AlaVal: 4.622 ± 0.019	0.789AlaTrp: 0.789 ± 0.008	1.483AlaTyr: 1.483 ± 0.009	0.004AlaXaa: 0.004 ± 0.0
Cys	1.221CysAla: 1.221 ± 0.01	0.619CysCys: 0.619 ± 0.01	1.0CysAsp: 1.0 ± 0.01	1.26CysGlu: 1.26 ± 0.011	0.813CysPhe: 0.813 ± 0.007	1.768CysGly: 1.768 ± 0.02	0.66CysHis: 0.66 ± 0.007	0.908CysIle: 0.908 ± 0.008	1.12CysLys: 1.12 ± 0.01	2.122CysLeu: 2.122 ± 0.012	0.394CysMet: 0.394 ± 0.005	0.8CysAsn: 0.8 ± 0.008	1.414CysPro: 1.414 ± 0.014	1.073CysGln: 1.073 ± 0.01	1.279CysArg: 1.279 ± 0.01	2.003CysSer: 2.003 ± 0.015	1.066CysThr: 1.066 ± 0.009	1.244CysVal: 1.244 ± 0.011	0.279CysTrp: 0.279 ± 0.004	0.554CysTyr: 0.554 ± 0.006	0.002CysXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Asp	2.803AspAla: 2.803 ± 0.013	1.026AspCys: 1.026 ± 0.009	2.658AspAsp: 2.658 ± 0.016	3.456AspGlu: 3.456 ± 0.016	2.056AspPhe: 2.056 ± 0.011	3.215AspGly: 3.215 ± 0.018	1.139AspHis: 1.139 ± 0.008	2.534AspIle: 2.534 ± 0.013	2.514AspLys: 2.514 ± 0.014	5.004AspLeu: 5.004 ± 0.018	1.096AspMet: 1.096 ± 0.008	1.642AspAsn: 1.642 ± 0.011	2.899AspPro: 2.899 ± 0.014	1.845AspGln: 1.845 ± 0.01	2.466AspArg: 2.466 ± 0.013	4.331AspSer: 4.331 ± 0.02	2.427AspThr: 2.427 ± 0.011	2.981AspVal: 2.981 ± 0.015	0.586AspTrp: 0.586 ± 0.006	1.406AspTyr: 1.406 ± 0.01	0.003AspXaa: 0.003 ± 0.0
Glu	5.294GluAla: 5.294 ± 0.025	1.474GluCys: 1.474 ± 0.019	4.493GluAsp: 4.493 ± 0.019	8.195GluGlu: 8.195 ± 0.051	1.987GluPhe: 1.987 ± 0.01	4.166GluGly: 4.166 ± 0.018	1.514GluHis: 1.514 ± 0.01	3.098GluIle: 3.098 ± 0.018	5.6GluLys: 5.6 ± 0.036	6.437GluLeu: 6.437 ± 0.03	1.691GluMet: 1.691 ± 0.011	3.18GluAsn: 3.18 ± 0.018	3.384GluPro: 3.384 ± 0.019	3.306GluGln: 3.306 ± 0.021	4.199GluArg: 4.199 ± 0.022	4.575GluSer: 4.575 ± 0.018	3.415GluThr: 3.415 ± 0.015	4.124GluVal: 4.124 ± 0.02	0.67GluTrp: 0.67 ± 0.005	1.499GluTyr: 1.499 ± 0.011	0.004GluXaa: 0.004 ± 0.001
Phe	1.914PheAla: 1.914 ± 0.011	0.926PheCys: 0.926 ± 0.008	1.6PheAsp: 1.6 ± 0.01	1.926PheGlu: 1.926 ± 0.011	1.53PhePhe: 1.53 ± 0.011	2.138PheGly: 2.138 ± 0.015	1.011PheHis: 1.011 ± 0.008	1.74PheIle: 1.74 ± 0.011	1.719PheLys: 1.719 ± 0.01	3.919PheLeu: 3.919 ± 0.02	0.739PheMet: 0.739 ± 0.006	1.272PheAsn: 1.272 ± 0.01	2.007PhePro: 2.007 ± 0.012	1.75PheGln: 1.75 ± 0.009	1.901PheArg: 1.901 ± 0.011	3.415PheSer: 3.415 ± 0.016	1.908PheThr: 1.908 ± 0.01	2.014PheVal: 2.014 ± 0.013	0.461PheTrp: 0.461 ± 0.004	1.116PheTyr: 1.116 ± 0.009	0.004PheXaa: 0.004 ± 0.0
Gly	4.474GlyAla: 4.474 ± 0.023	1.253GlyCys: 1.253 ± 0.011	3.083GlyAsp: 3.083 ± 0.014	4.129GlyGlu: 4.129 ± 0.024	2.319GlyPhe: 2.319 ± 0.014	5.032GlyGly: 5.032 ± 0.033	1.711GlyHis: 1.711 ± 0.011	2.614GlyIle: 2.614 ± 0.014	3.743GlyLys: 3.743 ± 0.021	5.868GlyLeu: 5.868 ± 0.023	1.27GlyMet: 1.27 ± 0.009	2.281GlyAsn: 2.281 ± 0.013	4.419GlyPro: 4.419 ± 0.034	2.82GlyGln: 2.82 ± 0.015	3.853GlyArg: 3.853 ± 0.021	5.936GlySer: 5.936 ± 0.026	3.608GlyThr: 3.608 ± 0.017	3.444GlyVal: 3.444 ± 0.017	0.768GlyTrp: 0.768 ± 0.008	1.633GlyTyr: 1.633 ± 0.012	0.006GlyXaa: 0.006 ± 0.0
His	1.34HisAla: 1.34 ± 0.01	0.711HisCys: 0.711 ± 0.007	0.883HisAsp: 0.883 ± 0.008	1.353HisGlu: 1.353 ± 0.009	1.033HisPhe: 1.033 ± 0.008	1.549HisGly: 1.549 ± 0.01	0.944HisHis: 0.944 ± 0.01	1.212HisIle: 1.212 ± 0.007	1.264HisLys: 1.264 ± 0.01	2.995HisLeu: 2.995 ± 0.015	0.591HisMet: 0.591 ± 0.006	0.835HisAsn: 0.835 ± 0.007	1.709HisPro: 1.709 ± 0.011	1.458HisGln: 1.458 ± 0.015	1.66HisArg: 1.66 ± 0.01	2.428HisSer: 2.428 ± 0.015	1.593HisThr: 1.593 ± 0.016	1.526HisVal: 1.526 ± 0.009	0.34HisTrp: 0.34 ± 0.005	0.788HisTyr: 0.788 ± 0.006	0.003HisXaa: 0.003 ± 0.0
Ile	2.47IleAla: 2.47 ± 0.013	1.047IleCys: 1.047 ± 0.009	1.953IleAsp: 1.953 ± 0.013	2.56IleGlu: 2.56 ± 0.016	1.798IlePhe: 1.798 ± 0.012	2.059IleGly: 2.059 ± 0.012	1.34IleHis: 1.34 ± 0.013	2.244IleIle: 2.244 ± 0.014	2.563IleLys: 2.563 ± 0.016	4.394IleLeu: 4.394 ± 0.021	0.956IleMet: 0.956 ± 0.008	1.739IleAsn: 1.739 ± 0.01	2.579IlePro: 2.579 ± 0.014	2.261IleGln: 2.261 ± 0.013	2.29IleArg: 2.29 ± 0.012	3.681IleSer: 3.681 ± 0.016	2.46IleThr: 2.46 ± 0.016	2.314IleVal: 2.314 ± 0.014	0.471IleTrp: 0.471 ± 0.005	1.283IleTyr: 1.283 ± 0.009	0.004IleXaa: 0.004 ± 0.0
Lys	4.017LysAla: 4.017 ± 0.022	1.126LysCys: 1.126 ± 0.012	3.15LysAsp: 3.15 ± 0.02	5.257LysGlu: 5.257 ± 0.032	1.665LysPhe: 1.665 ± 0.01	3.158LysGly: 3.158 ± 0.019	1.418LysHis: 1.418 ± 0.01	2.687LysIle: 2.687 ± 0.015	4.799LysLys: 4.799 ± 0.03	5.103LysLeu: 5.103 ± 0.022	1.416LysMet: 1.416 ± 0.01	2.406LysAsn: 2.406 ± 0.014	3.217LysPro: 3.217 ± 0.019	2.688LysGln: 2.688 ± 0.013	3.345LysArg: 3.345 ± 0.015	4.055LysSer: 4.055 ± 0.02	3.115LysThr: 3.115 ± 0.017	3.372LysVal: 3.372 ± 0.017	0.577LysTrp: 0.577 ± 0.006	1.475LysTyr: 1.475 ± 0.01	0.004LysXaa: 0.004 ± 0.0
Leu	6.77LeuAla: 6.77 ± 0.026	2.183LeuCys: 2.183 ± 0.014	4.679LeuAsp: 4.679 ± 0.019	7.226LeuGlu: 7.226 ± 0.036	3.258LeuPhe: 3.258 ± 0.017	5.873LeuGly: 5.873 ± 0.022	2.753LeuHis: 2.753 ± 0.012	3.747LeuIle: 3.747 ± 0.019	5.787LeuLys: 5.787 ± 0.027	10.626LeuLeu: 10.626 ± 0.043	1.945LeuMet: 1.945 ± 0.01	3.466LeuAsn: 3.466 ± 0.016	6.189LeuPro: 6.189 ± 0.025	5.906LeuGln: 5.906 ± 0.03	5.983LeuArg: 5.983 ± 0.024	8.148LeuSer: 8.148 ± 0.022	5.035LeuThr: 5.035 ± 0.017	5.357LeuVal: 5.357 ± 0.021	1.097LeuTrp: 1.097 ± 0.008	2.394LeuTyr: 2.394 ± 0.013	0.009LeuXaa: 0.009 ± 0.001
Met	1.921MetAla: 1.921 ± 0.01	0.375MetCys: 0.375 ± 0.004	1.229MetAsp: 1.229 ± 0.008	1.836MetGlu: 1.836 ± 0.011	0.673MetPhe: 0.673 ± 0.006	1.274MetGly: 1.274 ± 0.009	0.476MetHis: 0.476 ± 0.005	0.81MetIle: 0.81 ± 0.006	1.428MetLys: 1.428 ± 0.009	1.954MetLeu: 1.954 ± 0.012	0.56MetMet: 0.56 ± 0.006	0.868MetAsn: 0.868 ± 0.008	1.107MetPro: 1.107 ± 0.01	0.956MetGln: 0.956 ± 0.008	1.027MetArg: 1.027 ± 0.006	1.569MetSer: 1.569 ± 0.01	1.102MetThr: 1.102 ± 0.007	1.329MetVal: 1.329 ± 0.008	0.226MetTrp: 0.226 ± 0.003	0.556MetTyr: 0.556 ± 0.006	0.002MetXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Asn	2.007AsnAla: 2.007 ± 0.011	0.796AsnCys: 0.796 ± 0.007	1.502AsnAsp: 1.502 ± 0.011	2.251AsnGlu: 2.251 ± 0.014	1.4AsnPhe: 1.4 ± 0.009	2.391AsnGly: 2.391 ± 0.015	0.945AsnHis: 0.945 ± 0.008	2.025AsnIle: 2.025 ± 0.013	2.171AsnLys: 2.171 ± 0.014	3.656AsnLeu: 3.656 ± 0.018	0.891AsnMet: 0.891 ± 0.007	1.497AsnAsn: 1.497 ± 0.011	2.183AsnPro: 2.183 ± 0.011	1.71AsnGln: 1.71 ± 0.011	1.815AsnArg: 1.815 ± 0.01	3.246AsnSer: 3.246 ± 0.016	1.94AsnThr: 1.94 ± 0.01	2.118AsnVal: 2.118 ± 0.012	0.427AsnTrp: 0.427 ± 0.005	1.054AsnTyr: 1.054 ± 0.008	0.003AsnXaa: 0.003 ± 0.0
Pro	5.197ProAla: 5.197 ± 0.03	1.15ProCys: 1.15 ± 0.013	2.755ProAsp: 2.755 ± 0.016	4.537ProGlu: 4.537 ± 0.024	1.917ProPhe: 1.917 ± 0.012	5.438ProGly: 5.438 ± 0.046	1.543ProHis: 1.543 ± 0.01	1.846ProIle: 1.846 ± 0.012	2.837ProLys: 2.837 ± 0.019	5.495ProLeu: 5.495 ± 0.021	1.133ProMet: 1.133 ± 0.008	1.839ProAsn: 1.839 ± 0.011	6.561ProPro: 6.561 ± 0.047	3.084ProGln: 3.084 ± 0.019	3.502ProArg: 3.502 ± 0.019	6.153ProSer: 6.153 ± 0.03	3.233ProThr: 3.233 ± 0.018	3.96ProVal: 3.96 ± 0.016	0.693ProTrp: 0.693 ± 0.006	1.536ProTyr: 1.536 ± 0.015	0.006ProXaa: 0.006 ± 0.001
Gln	3.7GlnAla: 3.7 ± 0.02	0.933GlnCys: 0.933 ± 0.009	2.347GlnAsp: 2.347 ± 0.013	4.056GlnGlu: 4.056 ± 0.022	1.325GlnPhe: 1.325 ± 0.009	2.891GlnGly: 2.891 ± 0.014	1.391GlnHis: 1.391 ± 0.011	1.985GlnIle: 1.985 ± 0.012	3.029GlnLys: 3.029 ± 0.016	4.897GlnLeu: 4.897 ± 0.022	1.13GlnMet: 1.13 ± 0.007	1.891GlnAsn: 1.891 ± 0.013	3.0GlnPro: 3.0 ± 0.018	3.504GlnGln: 3.504 ± 0.032	3.127GlnArg: 3.127 ± 0.018	3.322GlnSer: 3.322 ± 0.016	2.363GlnThr: 2.363 ± 0.013	2.869GlnVal: 2.869 ± 0.013	0.542GlnTrp: 0.542 ± 0.005	1.117GlnTyr: 1.117 ± 0.008	0.004GlnXaa: 0.004 ± 0.0
Arg	3.965ArgAla: 3.965 ± 0.017	1.196ArgCys: 1.196 ± 0.011	2.77ArgAsp: 2.77 ± 0.016	4.168ArgGlu: 4.168 ± 0.023	1.788ArgPhe: 1.788 ± 0.011	3.706ArgGly: 3.706 ± 0.021	1.586ArgHis: 1.586 ± 0.01	2.378ArgIle: 2.378 ± 0.012	3.761ArgLys: 3.761 ± 0.017	5.441ArgLeu: 5.441 ± 0.022	1.177ArgMet: 1.177 ± 0.009	2.117ArgAsn: 2.117 ± 0.012	3.417ArgPro: 3.417 ± 0.017	2.72ArgGln: 2.72 ± 0.015	4.584ArgArg: 4.584 ± 0.03	4.51ArgSer: 4.51 ± 0.033	2.861ArgThr: 2.861 ± 0.013	3.128ArgVal: 3.128 ± 0.015	0.69ArgTrp: 0.69 ± 0.006	1.392ArgTyr: 1.392 ± 0.008	0.006ArgXaa: 0.006 ± 0.001
Ser	5.542SerAla: 5.542 ± 0.022	1.826SerCys: 1.826 ± 0.012	4.014SerAsp: 4.014 ± 0.019	5.467SerGlu: 5.467 ± 0.024	3.027SerPhe: 3.027 ± 0.014	5.77SerGly: 5.77 ± 0.023	2.242SerHis: 2.242 ± 0.014	3.152SerIle: 3.152 ± 0.015	4.202SerLys: 4.202 ± 0.02	8.399SerLeu: 8.399 ± 0.026	1.601SerMet: 1.601 ± 0.011	2.778SerAsn: 2.778 ± 0.015	6.567SerPro: 6.567 ± 0.041	4.12SerGln: 4.12 ± 0.02	4.797SerArg: 4.797 ± 0.031	10.173SerSer: 10.173 ± 0.048	4.644SerThr: 4.644 ± 0.021	4.945SerVal: 4.945 ± 0.018	1.065SerTrp: 1.065 ± 0.009	2.013SerTyr: 2.013 ± 0.011	0.007SerXaa: 0.007 ± 0.001
Thr	3.784ThrAla: 3.784 ± 0.016	1.277ThrCys: 1.277 ± 0.011	2.395ThrAsp: 2.395 ± 0.013	3.579ThrGlu: 3.579 ± 0.016	2.027ThrPhe: 2.027 ± 0.011	3.532ThrGly: 3.532 ± 0.021	1.329ThrHis: 1.329 ± 0.011	2.257ThrIle: 2.257 ± 0.013	2.647ThrLys: 2.647 ± 0.015	5.192ThrLeu: 5.192 ± 0.017	1.098ThrMet: 1.098 ± 0.007	1.712ThrAsn: 1.712 ± 0.01	3.765ThrPro: 3.765 ± 0.023	2.373ThrGln: 2.373 ± 0.011	2.512ThrArg: 2.512 ± 0.011	4.866ThrSer: 4.866 ± 0.021	2.942ThrThr: 2.942 ± 0.02	3.735ThrVal: 3.735 ± 0.019	0.65ThrTrp: 0.65 ± 0.006	1.334ThrTyr: 1.334 ± 0.01	0.005ThrXaa: 0.005 ± 0.001
Val	4.218ValAla: 4.218 ± 0.016	1.391ValCys: 1.391 ± 0.01	2.845ValAsp: 2.845 ± 0.015	3.753ValGlu: 3.753 ± 0.016	2.249ValPhe: 2.249 ± 0.014	3.272ValGly: 3.272 ± 0.016	1.593ValHis: 1.593 ± 0.01	2.753ValIle: 2.753 ± 0.014	3.269ValLys: 3.269 ± 0.017	6.062ValLeu: 6.062 ± 0.024	1.276ValMet: 1.276 ± 0.008	2.172ValAsn: 2.172 ± 0.014	3.802ValPro: 3.802 ± 0.02	2.738ValGln: 2.738 ± 0.013	3.031ValArg: 3.031 ± 0.013	4.943ValSer: 4.943 ± 0.019	3.658ValThr: 3.658 ± 0.021	3.819ValVal: 3.819 ± 0.018	0.677ValTrp: 0.677 ± 0.006	1.527ValTyr: 1.527 ± 0.009	0.004ValXaa: 0.004 ± 0.0
Trp	0.785TrpAla: 0.785 ± 0.007	0.247TrpCys: 0.247 ± 0.004	0.625TrpAsp: 0.625 ± 0.007	0.787TrpGlu: 0.787 ± 0.006	0.428TrpPhe: 0.428 ± 0.005	0.738TrpGly: 0.738 ± 0.009	0.306TrpHis: 0.306 ± 0.004	0.501TrpIle: 0.501 ± 0.005	0.762TrpLys: 0.762 ± 0.006	1.156TrpLeu: 1.156 ± 0.008	0.29TrpMet: 0.29 ± 0.003	0.504TrpAsn: 0.504 ± 0.006	0.538TrpPro: 0.538 ± 0.006	0.513TrpGln: 0.513 ± 0.005	0.723TrpArg: 0.723 ± 0.006	0.843TrpSer: 0.843 ± 0.007	0.647TrpThr: 0.647 ± 0.007	0.655TrpVal: 0.655 ± 0.006	0.182TrpTrp: 0.182 ± 0.003	0.298TrpTyr: 0.298 ± 0.004	0.001TrpXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.333TyrAla: 1.333 ± 0.009	0.657TyrCys: 0.657 ± 0.006	1.197TyrAsp: 1.197 ± 0.008	1.657TyrGlu: 1.657 ± 0.012	1.134TyrPhe: 1.134 ± 0.008	1.582TyrGly: 1.582 ± 0.012	0.738TyrHis: 0.738 ± 0.006	1.291TyrIle: 1.291 ± 0.008	1.431TyrLys: 1.431 ± 0.012	2.52TyrLeu: 2.52 ± 0.013	0.568TyrMet: 0.568 ± 0.006	1.025TyrAsn: 1.025 ± 0.008	1.261TyrPro: 1.261 ± 0.009	1.221TyrGln: 1.221 ± 0.009	1.506TyrArg: 1.506 ± 0.009	2.131TyrSer: 2.131 ± 0.011	1.377TyrThr: 1.377 ± 0.01	1.49TyrVal: 1.49 ± 0.01	0.34TyrTrp: 0.34 ± 0.005	0.9TyrTyr: 0.9 ± 0.007	0.002TyrXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.006XaaAla: 0.006 ± 0.001	0.002XaaCys: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.003XaaAsp: 0.003 ± 0.0	0.005XaaGlu: 0.005 ± 0.001	0.004XaaPhe: 0.004 ± 0.0	0.006XaaGly: 0.006 ± 0.001	0.002XaaHis: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.003XaaIle: 0.003 ± 0.0	0.005XaaLys: 0.005 ± 0.0	0.008XaaLeu: 0.008 ± 0.001	0.002XaaMet: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.003XaaAsn: 0.003 ± 0.0	0.005XaaPro: 0.005 ± 0.0	0.003XaaGln: 0.003 ± 0.0	0.004XaaArg: 0.004 ± 0.001	0.006XaaSer: 0.006 ± 0.0	0.004XaaThr: 0.004 ± 0.0	0.006XaaVal: 0.006 ± 0.001	0.001XaaTrp: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.002XaaTyr: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.03XaaXaa: 0.03 ± 0.005

Statistics based on 34802 proteins (21249595 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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