Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Papilio machaon (Old World swallowtail butterfly)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	8.023AlaAla: 8.023 ± 0.153	1.465AlaCys: 1.465 ± 0.037	3.377AlaAsp: 3.377 ± 0.037	4.255AlaGlu: 4.255 ± 0.034	2.257AlaPhe: 2.257 ± 0.022	4.613AlaGly: 4.613 ± 0.045	1.937AlaHis: 1.937 ± 0.025	3.278AlaIle: 3.278 ± 0.027	3.489AlaLys: 3.489 ± 0.028	7.226AlaLeu: 7.226 ± 0.056	1.55AlaMet: 1.55 ± 0.015	2.584AlaAsn: 2.584 ± 0.021	4.455AlaPro: 4.455 ± 0.05	2.59AlaGln: 2.59 ± 0.024	4.482AlaArg: 4.482 ± 0.054	4.977AlaSer: 4.977 ± 0.045	3.914AlaThr: 3.914 ± 0.031	4.731AlaVal: 4.731 ± 0.041	0.762AlaTrp: 0.762 ± 0.014	1.874AlaTyr: 1.874 ± 0.019	0.0AlaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Cys	1.549CysAla: 1.549 ± 0.025	0.513CysCys: 0.513 ± 0.011	1.187CysAsp: 1.187 ± 0.021	1.257CysGlu: 1.257 ± 0.021	0.704CysPhe: 0.704 ± 0.01	1.585CysGly: 1.585 ± 0.046	0.499CysHis: 0.499 ± 0.012	1.045CysIle: 1.045 ± 0.034	1.115CysLys: 1.115 ± 0.026	1.818CysLeu: 1.818 ± 0.026	0.394CysMet: 0.394 ± 0.008	0.94CysAsn: 0.94 ± 0.018	1.084CysPro: 1.084 ± 0.037	0.71CysGln: 0.71 ± 0.021	1.263CysArg: 1.263 ± 0.047	1.583CysSer: 1.583 ± 0.037	1.119CysThr: 1.119 ± 0.031	1.437CysVal: 1.437 ± 0.038	0.226CysTrp: 0.226 ± 0.006	0.628CysTyr: 0.628 ± 0.011	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	3.388AspAla: 3.388 ± 0.027	1.072AspCys: 1.072 ± 0.034	3.816AspAsp: 3.816 ± 0.033	4.096AspGlu: 4.096 ± 0.034	2.09AspPhe: 2.09 ± 0.018	3.104AspGly: 3.104 ± 0.032	1.135AspHis: 1.135 ± 0.015	3.486AspIle: 3.486 ± 0.028	3.502AspLys: 3.502 ± 0.034	4.785AspLeu: 4.785 ± 0.035	1.305AspMet: 1.305 ± 0.013	2.853AspAsn: 2.853 ± 0.025	2.493AspPro: 2.493 ± 0.042	1.558AspGln: 1.558 ± 0.018	2.672AspArg: 2.672 ± 0.028	4.135AspSer: 4.135 ± 0.033	3.065AspThr: 3.065 ± 0.026	3.821AspVal: 3.821 ± 0.031	0.629AspTrp: 0.629 ± 0.011	1.887AspTyr: 1.887 ± 0.019	0.0AspXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Glu	4.34GluAla: 4.34 ± 0.037	1.319GluCys: 1.319 ± 0.048	3.955GluAsp: 3.955 ± 0.031	5.805GluGlu: 5.805 ± 0.063	2.055GluPhe: 2.055 ± 0.024	3.223GluGly: 3.223 ± 0.027	1.513GluHis: 1.513 ± 0.02	3.758GluIle: 3.758 ± 0.034	4.828GluLys: 4.828 ± 0.051	5.792GluLeu: 5.792 ± 0.037	1.561GluMet: 1.561 ± 0.016	3.598GluAsn: 3.598 ± 0.037	2.865GluPro: 2.865 ± 0.027	2.566GluGln: 2.566 ± 0.025	4.056GluArg: 4.056 ± 0.034	4.364GluSer: 4.364 ± 0.036	3.606GluThr: 3.606 ± 0.033	4.013GluVal: 4.013 ± 0.026	0.716GluTrp: 0.716 ± 0.012	2.004GluTyr: 2.004 ± 0.02	0.0GluXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Phe	2.153PheAla: 2.153 ± 0.021	0.75PheCys: 0.75 ± 0.01	2.033PheAsp: 2.033 ± 0.022	2.068PheGlu: 2.068 ± 0.018	1.382PhePhe: 1.382 ± 0.018	2.245PheGly: 2.245 ± 0.024	0.859PheHis: 0.859 ± 0.012	2.06PheIle: 2.06 ± 0.023	2.119PheLys: 2.119 ± 0.021	3.221PheLeu: 3.221 ± 0.029	0.805PheMet: 0.805 ± 0.011	1.802PheAsn: 1.802 ± 0.02	1.573PhePro: 1.573 ± 0.018	1.229PheGln: 1.229 ± 0.015	1.782PheArg: 1.782 ± 0.016	2.66PheSer: 2.66 ± 0.022	2.135PheThr: 2.135 ± 0.022	2.362PheVal: 2.362 ± 0.025	0.419PheTrp: 0.419 ± 0.008	1.336PheTyr: 1.336 ± 0.017	0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly	4.641GlyAla: 4.641 ± 0.042	1.111GlyCys: 1.111 ± 0.019	3.025GlyAsp: 3.025 ± 0.034	3.408GlyGlu: 3.408 ± 0.031	2.073GlyPhe: 2.073 ± 0.022	4.923GlyGly: 4.923 ± 0.076	1.453GlyHis: 1.453 ± 0.022	2.768GlyIle: 2.768 ± 0.024	3.126GlyLys: 3.126 ± 0.024	4.698GlyLeu: 4.698 ± 0.06	1.126GlyMet: 1.126 ± 0.014	2.407GlyAsn: 2.407 ± 0.029	2.571GlyPro: 2.571 ± 0.034	1.999GlyGln: 1.999 ± 0.035	3.379GlyArg: 3.379 ± 0.028	4.383GlySer: 4.383 ± 0.053	3.044GlyThr: 3.044 ± 0.026	3.832GlyVal: 3.832 ± 0.029	0.744GlyTrp: 0.744 ± 0.012	2.037GlyTyr: 2.037 ± 0.026	0.0GlyXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
His	1.797HisAla: 1.797 ± 0.022	0.588HisCys: 0.588 ± 0.013	1.212HisAsp: 1.212 ± 0.016	1.373HisGlu: 1.373 ± 0.019	0.948HisPhe: 0.948 ± 0.014	1.396HisGly: 1.396 ± 0.02	0.966HisHis: 0.966 ± 0.022	1.364HisIle: 1.364 ± 0.014	1.419HisLys: 1.419 ± 0.017	2.377HisLeu: 2.377 ± 0.028	0.643HisMet: 0.643 ± 0.011	1.188HisAsn: 1.188 ± 0.015	1.344HisPro: 1.344 ± 0.017	0.948HisGln: 0.948 ± 0.013	1.481HisArg: 1.481 ± 0.018	1.891HisSer: 1.891 ± 0.021	1.507HisThr: 1.507 ± 0.019	1.593HisVal: 1.593 ± 0.015	0.327HisTrp: 0.327 ± 0.007	0.943HisTyr: 0.943 ± 0.013	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	3.426IleAla: 3.426 ± 0.025	1.192IleCys: 1.192 ± 0.026	3.137IleAsp: 3.137 ± 0.028	3.548IleGlu: 3.548 ± 0.033	2.033IlePhe: 2.033 ± 0.023	2.675IleGly: 2.675 ± 0.023	1.224IleHis: 1.224 ± 0.014	3.152IleIle: 3.152 ± 0.031	3.702IleLys: 3.702 ± 0.032	4.782IleLeu: 4.782 ± 0.035	1.157IleMet: 1.157 ± 0.014	2.845IleAsn: 2.845 ± 0.035	2.691IlePro: 2.691 ± 0.024	2.06IleGln: 2.06 ± 0.02	2.52IleArg: 2.52 ± 0.022	4.033IleSer: 4.033 ± 0.029	3.207IleThr: 3.207 ± 0.026	3.414IleVal: 3.414 ± 0.028	0.521IleTrp: 0.521 ± 0.009	1.732IleTyr: 1.732 ± 0.02	0.0IleXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Lys	3.354LysAla: 3.354 ± 0.028	1.226LysCys: 1.226 ± 0.029	3.452LysAsp: 3.452 ± 0.031	4.811LysGlu: 4.811 ± 0.047	2.061LysPhe: 2.061 ± 0.019	2.636LysGly: 2.636 ± 0.028	1.557LysHis: 1.557 ± 0.018	3.725LysIle: 3.725 ± 0.035	5.366LysLys: 5.366 ± 0.06	5.543LysLeu: 5.543 ± 0.04	1.501LysMet: 1.501 ± 0.015	3.284LysAsn: 3.284 ± 0.027	3.135LysPro: 3.135 ± 0.032	2.526LysGln: 2.526 ± 0.026	3.609LysArg: 3.609 ± 0.032	4.533LysSer: 4.533 ± 0.043	3.601LysThr: 3.601 ± 0.031	3.635LysVal: 3.635 ± 0.029	0.634LysTrp: 0.634 ± 0.011	2.248LysTyr: 2.248 ± 0.023	0.0LysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Leu	6.933LeuAla: 6.933 ± 0.053	1.911LeuCys: 1.911 ± 0.02	4.832LeuAsp: 4.832 ± 0.033	5.831LeuGlu: 5.831 ± 0.045	3.098LeuPhe: 3.098 ± 0.034	4.626LeuGly: 4.626 ± 0.048	2.43LeuHis: 2.43 ± 0.027	4.197LeuIle: 4.197 ± 0.032	5.8LeuLys: 5.8 ± 0.043	8.981LeuLeu: 8.981 ± 0.068	1.984LeuMet: 1.984 ± 0.019	4.243LeuAsn: 4.243 ± 0.036	4.981LeuPro: 4.981 ± 0.031	4.218LeuGln: 4.218 ± 0.037	5.677LeuArg: 5.677 ± 0.043	6.923LeuSer: 6.923 ± 0.042	5.033LeuThr: 5.033 ± 0.043	5.444LeuVal: 5.444 ± 0.035	1.003LeuTrp: 1.003 ± 0.028	2.796LeuTyr: 2.796 ± 0.031	0.0LeuXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Met	1.64MetAla: 1.64 ± 0.016	0.447MetCys: 0.447 ± 0.009	1.224MetAsp: 1.224 ± 0.016	1.513MetGlu: 1.513 ± 0.015	0.899MetPhe: 0.899 ± 0.012	1.119MetGly: 1.119 ± 0.016	0.532MetHis: 0.532 ± 0.009	1.025MetIle: 1.025 ± 0.014	1.468MetLys: 1.468 ± 0.016	2.021MetLeu: 2.021 ± 0.021	0.601MetMet: 0.601 ± 0.01	1.014MetAsn: 1.014 ± 0.015	1.117MetPro: 1.117 ± 0.016	0.923MetGln: 0.923 ± 0.015	1.251MetArg: 1.251 ± 0.016	1.851MetSer: 1.851 ± 0.018	1.251MetThr: 1.251 ± 0.012	1.242MetVal: 1.242 ± 0.014	0.259MetTrp: 0.259 ± 0.007	0.73MetTyr: 0.73 ± 0.01	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	2.783AsnAla: 2.783 ± 0.032	0.899AsnCys: 0.899 ± 0.016	2.626AsnAsp: 2.626 ± 0.024	3.28AsnGlu: 3.28 ± 0.03	1.845AsnPhe: 1.845 ± 0.018	2.791AsnGly: 2.791 ± 0.031	0.999AsnHis: 0.999 ± 0.019	3.386AsnIle: 3.386 ± 0.026	3.431AsnLys: 3.431 ± 0.036	4.196AsnLeu: 4.196 ± 0.035	1.19AsnMet: 1.19 ± 0.016	3.103AsnAsn: 3.103 ± 0.036	2.199AsnPro: 2.199 ± 0.037	1.698AsnGln: 1.698 ± 0.021	2.172AsnArg: 2.172 ± 0.018	3.583AsnSer: 3.583 ± 0.034	2.851AsnThr: 2.851 ± 0.025	3.283AsnVal: 3.283 ± 0.024	0.479AsnTrp: 0.479 ± 0.008	1.723AsnTyr: 1.723 ± 0.019	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	4.39ProAla: 4.39 ± 0.046	0.903ProCys: 0.903 ± 0.06	2.81ProAsp: 2.81 ± 0.024	3.494ProGlu: 3.494 ± 0.035	1.654ProPhe: 1.654 ± 0.023	2.951ProGly: 2.951 ± 0.047	1.561ProHis: 1.561 ± 0.022	2.519ProIle: 2.519 ± 0.027	2.949ProLys: 2.949 ± 0.03	4.567ProLeu: 4.567 ± 0.039	0.981ProMet: 0.981 ± 0.015	2.289ProAsn: 2.289 ± 0.032	5.095ProPro: 5.095 ± 0.066	2.284ProGln: 2.284 ± 0.027	3.091ProArg: 3.091 ± 0.033	4.129ProSer: 4.129 ± 0.034	3.267ProThr: 3.267 ± 0.032	3.508ProVal: 3.508 ± 0.032	0.516ProTrp: 0.516 ± 0.009	1.664ProTyr: 1.664 ± 0.021	0.0ProXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gln	2.521GlnAla: 2.521 ± 0.039	0.82GlnCys: 0.82 ± 0.025	1.766GlnAsp: 1.766 ± 0.017	2.474GlnGlu: 2.474 ± 0.025	1.309GlnPhe: 1.309 ± 0.015	1.745GlnGly: 1.745 ± 0.025	1.166GlnHis: 1.166 ± 0.016	2.079GlnIle: 2.079 ± 0.021	2.367GlnLys: 2.367 ± 0.023	3.752GlnLeu: 3.752 ± 0.032	0.97GlnMet: 0.97 ± 0.015	2.065GlnAsn: 2.065 ± 0.026	2.16GlnPro: 2.16 ± 0.027	2.268GlnGln: 2.268 ± 0.046	2.44GlnArg: 2.44 ± 0.024	2.682GlnSer: 2.682 ± 0.025	2.14GlnThr: 2.14 ± 0.022	2.233GlnVal: 2.233 ± 0.022	0.475GlnTrp: 0.475 ± 0.01	1.356GlnTyr: 1.356 ± 0.015	0.0GlnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Arg	4.553ArgAla: 4.553 ± 0.054	1.238ArgCys: 1.238 ± 0.022	3.121ArgAsp: 3.121 ± 0.03	3.58ArgGlu: 3.58 ± 0.032	1.848ArgPhe: 1.848 ± 0.018	3.282ArgGly: 3.282 ± 0.028	1.702ArgHis: 1.702 ± 0.018	2.652ArgIle: 2.652 ± 0.021	3.507ArgLys: 3.507 ± 0.034	5.379ArgLeu: 5.379 ± 0.051	1.154ArgMet: 1.154 ± 0.015	2.619ArgAsn: 2.619 ± 0.023	3.175ArgPro: 3.175 ± 0.038	2.273ArgGln: 2.273 ± 0.033	4.925ArgArg: 4.925 ± 0.051	4.22ArgSer: 4.22 ± 0.038	2.947ArgThr: 2.947 ± 0.023	3.385ArgVal: 3.385 ± 0.036	0.694ArgTrp: 0.694 ± 0.011	1.796ArgTyr: 1.796 ± 0.02	0.0ArgXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ser	5.194SerAla: 5.194 ± 0.04	1.477SerCys: 1.477 ± 0.039	4.362SerAsp: 4.362 ± 0.034	4.836SerGlu: 4.836 ± 0.034	2.526SerPhe: 2.526 ± 0.022	4.748SerGly: 4.748 ± 0.063	1.737SerHis: 1.737 ± 0.019	3.743SerIle: 3.743 ± 0.033	4.39SerLys: 4.39 ± 0.036	6.653SerLeu: 6.653 ± 0.052	1.578SerMet: 1.578 ± 0.017	3.708SerAsn: 3.708 ± 0.032	4.598SerPro: 4.598 ± 0.05	2.793SerGln: 2.793 ± 0.025	4.136SerArg: 4.136 ± 0.046	7.171SerSer: 7.171 ± 0.081	4.547SerThr: 4.547 ± 0.046	4.679SerVal: 4.679 ± 0.033	0.818SerTrp: 0.818 ± 0.012	2.262SerTyr: 2.262 ± 0.021	0.0SerXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Thr	3.949ThrAla: 3.949 ± 0.031	1.193ThrCys: 1.193 ± 0.029	3.063ThrAsp: 3.063 ± 0.023	3.721ThrGlu: 3.721 ± 0.035	2.12ThrPhe: 2.12 ± 0.018	3.133ThrGly: 3.133 ± 0.029	1.358ThrHis: 1.358 ± 0.015	3.11ThrIle: 3.11 ± 0.026	3.374ThrLys: 3.374 ± 0.029	5.202ThrLeu: 5.202 ± 0.03	1.225ThrMet: 1.225 ± 0.014	2.758ThrAsn: 2.758 ± 0.024	3.661ThrPro: 3.661 ± 0.035	2.077ThrGln: 2.077 ± 0.019	2.823ThrArg: 2.823 ± 0.027	4.808ThrSer: 4.808 ± 0.053	4.084ThrThr: 4.084 ± 0.071	3.841ThrVal: 3.841 ± 0.031	0.621ThrTrp: 0.621 ± 0.011	1.797ThrTyr: 1.797 ± 0.019	0.0ThrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Val	4.575ValAla: 4.575 ± 0.037	1.513ValCys: 1.513 ± 0.03	3.429ValAsp: 3.429 ± 0.028	3.961ValGlu: 3.961 ± 0.035	2.32ValPhe: 2.32 ± 0.021	3.318ValGly: 3.318 ± 0.028	1.552ValHis: 1.552 ± 0.018	3.351ValIle: 3.351 ± 0.029	3.842ValLys: 3.842 ± 0.03	5.866ValLeu: 5.866 ± 0.036	1.36ValMet: 1.36 ± 0.016	2.933ValAsn: 2.933 ± 0.025	3.429ValPro: 3.429 ± 0.028	2.414ValGln: 2.414 ± 0.024	3.602ValArg: 3.602 ± 0.031	4.816ValSer: 4.816 ± 0.043	4.091ValThr: 4.091 ± 0.028	4.413ValVal: 4.413 ± 0.036	0.741ValTrp: 0.741 ± 0.011	1.997ValTyr: 1.997 ± 0.018	0.0ValXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Trp	0.725TrpAla: 0.725 ± 0.012	0.268TrpCys: 0.268 ± 0.007	0.604TrpAsp: 0.604 ± 0.01	0.63TrpGlu: 0.63 ± 0.011	0.419TrpPhe: 0.419 ± 0.01	0.64TrpGly: 0.64 ± 0.012	0.271TrpHis: 0.271 ± 0.006	0.55TrpIle: 0.55 ± 0.009	0.648TrpLys: 0.648 ± 0.011	1.151TrpLeu: 1.151 ± 0.015	0.29TrpMet: 0.29 ± 0.007	0.528TrpAsn: 0.528 ± 0.01	0.477TrpPro: 0.477 ± 0.007	0.443TrpGln: 0.443 ± 0.008	0.884TrpArg: 0.884 ± 0.03	0.842TrpSer: 0.842 ± 0.014	0.6TrpThr: 0.6 ± 0.01	0.629TrpVal: 0.629 ± 0.01	0.213TrpTrp: 0.213 ± 0.006	0.384TrpTyr: 0.384 ± 0.009	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.907TyrAla: 1.907 ± 0.021	0.75TyrCys: 0.75 ± 0.012	1.859TyrAsp: 1.859 ± 0.018	1.999TyrGlu: 1.999 ± 0.019	1.351TyrPhe: 1.351 ± 0.019	1.995TyrGly: 1.995 ± 0.025	0.853TyrHis: 0.853 ± 0.012	1.803TyrIle: 1.803 ± 0.02	1.995TyrLys: 1.995 ± 0.019	2.937TyrLeu: 2.937 ± 0.028	0.752TyrMet: 0.752 ± 0.011	1.755TyrAsn: 1.755 ± 0.02	1.52TyrPro: 1.52 ± 0.021	1.211TyrGln: 1.211 ± 0.016	1.804TyrArg: 1.804 ± 0.02	2.373TyrSer: 2.373 ± 0.021	1.905TyrThr: 1.905 ± 0.024	2.027TyrVal: 2.027 ± 0.019	0.399TyrTrp: 0.399 ± 0.009	1.305TyrTyr: 1.305 ± 0.019	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.0XaaAla: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGlu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGly: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaIle: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLeu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPro: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGln: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaArg: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaSer: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaVal: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTyr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0

Statistics based on 15461 proteins (6951912 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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