Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Nicotiana tabacum (Common tobacco)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	6.039AlaAla: 6.039 ± 0.021	1.191AlaCys: 1.191 ± 0.008	3.132AlaAsp: 3.132 ± 0.011	4.344AlaGlu: 4.344 ± 0.016	2.687AlaPhe: 2.687 ± 0.01	3.859AlaGly: 3.859 ± 0.013	1.269AlaHis: 1.269 ± 0.007	3.814AlaIle: 3.814 ± 0.014	4.124AlaLys: 4.124 ± 0.013	6.33AlaLeu: 6.33 ± 0.019	1.69AlaMet: 1.69 ± 0.008	2.707AlaAsn: 2.707 ± 0.012	2.704AlaPro: 2.704 ± 0.013	2.134AlaGln: 2.134 ± 0.009	3.254AlaArg: 3.254 ± 0.012	5.751AlaSer: 5.751 ± 0.017	3.563AlaThr: 3.563 ± 0.011	4.597AlaVal: 4.597 ± 0.017	0.736AlaTrp: 0.736 ± 0.005	1.851AlaTyr: 1.851 ± 0.008	0.002AlaXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Cys	0.97CysAla: 0.97 ± 0.006	0.527CysCys: 0.527 ± 0.005	0.93CysAsp: 0.93 ± 0.006	0.915CysGlu: 0.915 ± 0.006	0.87CysPhe: 0.87 ± 0.005	1.347CysGly: 1.347 ± 0.007	0.461CysHis: 0.461 ± 0.004	1.07CysIle: 1.07 ± 0.005	1.172CysLys: 1.172 ± 0.007	1.841CysLeu: 1.841 ± 0.009	0.448CysMet: 0.448 ± 0.003	0.866CysAsn: 0.866 ± 0.006	0.944CysPro: 0.944 ± 0.006	0.636CysGln: 0.636 ± 0.005	1.024CysArg: 1.024 ± 0.006	1.826CysSer: 1.826 ± 0.009	0.902CysThr: 0.902 ± 0.005	1.007CysVal: 1.007 ± 0.006	0.246CysTrp: 0.246 ± 0.003	0.577CysTyr: 0.577 ± 0.004	0.001CysXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Asp	3.358AspAla: 3.358 ± 0.012	0.956AspCys: 0.956 ± 0.007	3.551AspAsp: 3.551 ± 0.016	4.125AspGlu: 4.125 ± 0.016	2.404AspPhe: 2.404 ± 0.008	3.496AspGly: 3.496 ± 0.012	1.224AspHis: 1.224 ± 0.007	3.255AspIle: 3.255 ± 0.011	2.909AspLys: 2.909 ± 0.012	5.021AspLeu: 5.021 ± 0.015	1.358AspMet: 1.358 ± 0.007	2.215AspAsn: 2.215 ± 0.009	2.478AspPro: 2.478 ± 0.012	1.804AspGln: 1.804 ± 0.008	2.326AspArg: 2.326 ± 0.01	4.212AspSer: 4.212 ± 0.013	2.268AspThr: 2.268 ± 0.009	3.622AspVal: 3.622 ± 0.012	0.693AspTrp: 0.693 ± 0.005	1.6AspTyr: 1.6 ± 0.007	0.002AspXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Glu	4.673GluAla: 4.673 ± 0.013	0.939GluCys: 0.939 ± 0.006	3.992GluAsp: 3.992 ± 0.013	6.561GluGlu: 6.561 ± 0.045	2.418GluPhe: 2.418 ± 0.009	3.584GluGly: 3.584 ± 0.012	1.301GluHis: 1.301 ± 0.006	3.965GluIle: 3.965 ± 0.012	5.216GluLys: 5.216 ± 0.034	6.158GluLeu: 6.158 ± 0.017	1.834GluMet: 1.834 ± 0.01	3.363GluAsn: 3.363 ± 0.012	2.15GluPro: 2.15 ± 0.019	2.288GluGln: 2.288 ± 0.01	3.368GluArg: 3.368 ± 0.013	4.72GluSer: 4.72 ± 0.017	3.088GluThr: 3.088 ± 0.012	4.385GluVal: 4.385 ± 0.011	0.727GluTrp: 0.727 ± 0.005	1.76GluTyr: 1.76 ± 0.008	0.002GluXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Phe	2.469PheAla: 2.469 ± 0.01	0.911PheCys: 0.911 ± 0.005	2.384PheAsp: 2.384 ± 0.009	2.324PheGlu: 2.324 ± 0.01	1.928PhePhe: 1.928 ± 0.011	2.977PheGly: 2.977 ± 0.012	1.118PheHis: 1.118 ± 0.006	2.139PheIle: 2.139 ± 0.01	2.202PheLys: 2.202 ± 0.009	4.351PheLeu: 4.351 ± 0.013	0.965PheMet: 0.965 ± 0.006	1.828PheAsn: 1.828 ± 0.008	2.136PhePro: 2.136 ± 0.009	1.654PheGln: 1.654 ± 0.009	1.989PheArg: 1.989 ± 0.008	4.076PheSer: 4.076 ± 0.012	2.035PheThr: 2.035 ± 0.009	2.688PheVal: 2.688 ± 0.01	0.555PheTrp: 0.555 ± 0.004	1.285PheTyr: 1.285 ± 0.007	0.003PheXaa: 0.003 ± 0.0
Gly	3.654GlyAla: 3.654 ± 0.014	1.204GlyCys: 1.204 ± 0.007	3.237GlyAsp: 3.237 ± 0.012	3.624GlyGlu: 3.624 ± 0.012	2.94GlyPhe: 2.94 ± 0.011	4.915GlyGly: 4.915 ± 0.026	1.509GlyHis: 1.509 ± 0.007	3.552GlyIle: 3.552 ± 0.012	4.152GlyLys: 4.152 ± 0.014	5.566GlyLeu: 5.566 ± 0.015	1.448GlyMet: 1.448 ± 0.008	3.112GlyAsn: 3.112 ± 0.012	2.309GlyPro: 2.309 ± 0.01	2.081GlyGln: 2.081 ± 0.01	3.459GlyArg: 3.459 ± 0.014	5.694GlySer: 5.694 ± 0.017	3.16GlyThr: 3.16 ± 0.012	3.956GlyVal: 3.956 ± 0.014	0.836GlyTrp: 0.836 ± 0.006	2.074GlyTyr: 2.074 ± 0.01	0.003GlyXaa: 0.003 ± 0.0
His	1.368HisAla: 1.368 ± 0.008	0.52HisCys: 0.52 ± 0.004	1.122HisAsp: 1.122 ± 0.007	1.308HisGlu: 1.308 ± 0.007	1.112HisPhe: 1.112 ± 0.007	1.572HisGly: 1.572 ± 0.008	0.837HisHis: 0.837 ± 0.007	1.31HisIle: 1.31 ± 0.007	1.23HisLys: 1.23 ± 0.007	2.464HisLeu: 2.464 ± 0.01	0.586HisMet: 0.586 ± 0.005	1.013HisAsn: 1.013 ± 0.006	1.307HisPro: 1.307 ± 0.006	1.028HisGln: 1.028 ± 0.007	1.264HisArg: 1.264 ± 0.007	1.936HisSer: 1.936 ± 0.009	0.987HisThr: 0.987 ± 0.006	1.536HisVal: 1.536 ± 0.007	0.298HisTrp: 0.298 ± 0.003	0.726HisTyr: 0.726 ± 0.005	0.001HisXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Ile	3.601IleAla: 3.601 ± 0.012	1.154IleCys: 1.154 ± 0.007	2.989IleAsp: 2.989 ± 0.011	3.376IleGlu: 3.376 ± 0.011	2.427IlePhe: 2.427 ± 0.01	3.458IleGly: 3.458 ± 0.014	1.32IleHis: 1.32 ± 0.007	3.013IleIle: 3.013 ± 0.012	3.179IleLys: 3.179 ± 0.01	5.467IleLeu: 5.467 ± 0.016	1.201IleMet: 1.201 ± 0.006	2.322IleAsn: 2.322 ± 0.009	3.056IlePro: 3.056 ± 0.012	2.1IleGln: 2.1 ± 0.01	2.665IleArg: 2.665 ± 0.01	5.11IleSer: 5.11 ± 0.014	2.722IleThr: 2.722 ± 0.011	3.525IleVal: 3.525 ± 0.011	0.757IleTrp: 0.757 ± 0.005	1.557IleTyr: 1.557 ± 0.008	0.003IleXaa: 0.003 ± 0.0
Lys	4.149LysAla: 4.149 ± 0.016	1.061LysCys: 1.061 ± 0.007	3.448LysAsp: 3.448 ± 0.011	5.06LysGlu: 5.06 ± 0.019	2.407LysPhe: 2.407 ± 0.012	3.668LysGly: 3.668 ± 0.013	1.39LysHis: 1.39 ± 0.006	3.476LysIle: 3.476 ± 0.011	5.206LysLys: 5.206 ± 0.022	6.361LysLeu: 6.361 ± 0.016	1.624LysMet: 1.624 ± 0.007	2.918LysAsn: 2.918 ± 0.012	2.756LysPro: 2.756 ± 0.02	2.465LysGln: 2.465 ± 0.01	3.758LysArg: 3.758 ± 0.012	4.922LysSer: 4.922 ± 0.015	2.974LysThr: 2.974 ± 0.011	4.036LysVal: 4.036 ± 0.012	0.834LysTrp: 0.834 ± 0.006	1.845LysTyr: 1.845 ± 0.009	0.002LysXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Leu	6.331LeuAla: 6.331 ± 0.018	1.823LeuCys: 1.823 ± 0.009	5.049LeuAsp: 5.049 ± 0.016	6.425LeuGlu: 6.425 ± 0.02	3.799LeuPhe: 3.799 ± 0.012	5.571LeuGly: 5.571 ± 0.018	2.544LeuHis: 2.544 ± 0.01	4.744LeuIle: 4.744 ± 0.016	6.453LeuLys: 6.453 ± 0.014	9.785LeuLeu: 9.785 ± 0.028	2.2LeuMet: 2.2 ± 0.009	4.107LeuAsn: 4.107 ± 0.013	5.099LeuPro: 5.099 ± 0.016	4.373LeuGln: 4.373 ± 0.013	5.222LeuArg: 5.222 ± 0.015	8.381LeuSer: 8.381 ± 0.024	4.412LeuThr: 4.412 ± 0.013	6.238LeuVal: 6.238 ± 0.016	1.167LeuTrp: 1.167 ± 0.008	2.581LeuTyr: 2.581 ± 0.011	0.004LeuXaa: 0.004 ± 0.0
Met	2.05MetAla: 2.05 ± 0.009	0.344MetCys: 0.344 ± 0.004	1.45MetAsp: 1.45 ± 0.007	1.954MetGlu: 1.954 ± 0.009	0.811MetPhe: 0.811 ± 0.005	1.518MetGly: 1.518 ± 0.008	0.548MetHis: 0.548 ± 0.004	1.222MetIle: 1.222 ± 0.007	1.704MetLys: 1.704 ± 0.008	2.218MetLeu: 2.218 ± 0.009	0.674MetMet: 0.674 ± 0.005	1.08MetAsn: 1.08 ± 0.006	1.091MetPro: 1.091 ± 0.008	1.009MetGln: 1.009 ± 0.007	1.216MetArg: 1.216 ± 0.007	1.801MetSer: 1.801 ± 0.007	1.113MetThr: 1.113 ± 0.007	1.616MetVal: 1.616 ± 0.007	0.271MetTrp: 0.271 ± 0.003	0.595MetTyr: 0.595 ± 0.005	0.001MetXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Asn	2.725AsnAla: 2.725 ± 0.011	0.904AsnCys: 0.904 ± 0.006	2.248AsnAsp: 2.248 ± 0.01	2.772AsnGlu: 2.772 ± 0.011	2.109AsnPhe: 2.109 ± 0.009	3.315AsnGly: 3.315 ± 0.012	1.113AsnHis: 1.113 ± 0.006	2.716AsnIle: 2.716 ± 0.011	2.659AsnLys: 2.659 ± 0.009	4.641AsnLeu: 4.641 ± 0.017	1.192AsnMet: 1.192 ± 0.007	2.577AsnAsn: 2.577 ± 0.016	2.309AsnPro: 2.309 ± 0.01	1.838AsnGln: 1.838 ± 0.008	2.059AsnArg: 2.059 ± 0.009	4.147AsnSer: 4.147 ± 0.015	2.041AsnThr: 2.041 ± 0.008	2.89AsnVal: 2.89 ± 0.01	0.582AsnTrp: 0.582 ± 0.005	1.433AsnTyr: 1.433 ± 0.008	0.002AsnXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Pro	2.961ProAla: 2.961 ± 0.016	0.788ProCys: 0.788 ± 0.005	2.339ProAsp: 2.339 ± 0.009	3.118ProGlu: 3.118 ± 0.018	2.005ProPhe: 2.005 ± 0.01	2.562ProGly: 2.562 ± 0.01	1.074ProHis: 1.074 ± 0.006	2.442ProIle: 2.442 ± 0.01	2.861ProLys: 2.861 ± 0.013	4.243ProLeu: 4.243 ± 0.014	0.944ProMet: 0.944 ± 0.006	2.341ProAsn: 2.341 ± 0.01	3.655ProPro: 3.655 ± 0.031	1.845ProGln: 1.845 ± 0.01	2.27ProArg: 2.27 ± 0.009	4.929ProSer: 4.929 ± 0.017	2.667ProThr: 2.667 ± 0.011	3.014ProVal: 3.014 ± 0.012	0.579ProTrp: 0.579 ± 0.004	1.356ProTyr: 1.356 ± 0.008	0.003ProXaa: 0.003 ± 0.0
Gln	2.416GlnAla: 2.416 ± 0.011	0.593GlnCys: 0.593 ± 0.005	1.703GlnAsp: 1.703 ± 0.008	2.542GlnGlu: 2.542 ± 0.009	1.453GlnPhe: 1.453 ± 0.006	2.104GlnGly: 2.104 ± 0.01	0.991GlnHis: 0.991 ± 0.006	2.071GlnIle: 2.071 ± 0.009	2.583GlnLys: 2.583 ± 0.011	3.855GlnLeu: 3.855 ± 0.013	1.03GlnMet: 1.03 ± 0.006	1.951GlnAsn: 1.951 ± 0.01	1.735GlnPro: 1.735 ± 0.01	2.259GlnGln: 2.259 ± 0.021	2.15GlnArg: 2.15 ± 0.007	2.945GlnSer: 2.945 ± 0.011	1.736GlnThr: 1.736 ± 0.007	2.414GlnVal: 2.414 ± 0.009	0.467GlnTrp: 0.467 ± 0.004	0.992GlnTyr: 0.992 ± 0.006	0.001GlnXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Arg	3.152ArgAla: 3.152 ± 0.011	0.946ArgCys: 0.946 ± 0.006	2.612ArgAsp: 2.612 ± 0.011	3.322ArgGlu: 3.322 ± 0.012	2.14ArgPhe: 2.14 ± 0.01	3.114ArgGly: 3.114 ± 0.012	1.248ArgHis: 1.248 ± 0.007	2.856ArgIle: 2.856 ± 0.011	3.907ArgLys: 3.907 ± 0.013	4.844ArgLeu: 4.844 ± 0.014	1.277ArgMet: 1.277 ± 0.006	2.515ArgAsn: 2.515 ± 0.01	2.302ArgPro: 2.302 ± 0.01	1.854ArgGln: 1.854 ± 0.009	3.798ArgArg: 3.798 ± 0.013	4.28ArgSer: 4.28 ± 0.015	2.422ArgThr: 2.422 ± 0.009	3.176ArgVal: 3.176 ± 0.011	0.726ArgTrp: 0.726 ± 0.005	1.51ArgTyr: 1.51 ± 0.007	0.002ArgXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Ser	5.348SerAla: 5.348 ± 0.017	1.756SerCys: 1.756 ± 0.009	4.419SerAsp: 4.419 ± 0.015	4.879SerGlu: 4.879 ± 0.015	3.929SerPhe: 3.929 ± 0.013	5.649SerGly: 5.649 ± 0.019	1.984SerHis: 1.984 ± 0.009	4.721SerIle: 4.721 ± 0.014	5.146SerLys: 5.146 ± 0.017	8.346SerLeu: 8.346 ± 0.021	2.068SerMet: 2.068 ± 0.008	4.182SerAsn: 4.182 ± 0.015	4.46SerPro: 4.46 ± 0.02	3.153SerGln: 3.153 ± 0.014	4.468SerArg: 4.468 ± 0.015	10.829SerSer: 10.829 ± 0.03	4.83SerThr: 4.83 ± 0.014	5.159SerVal: 5.159 ± 0.015	1.162SerTrp: 1.162 ± 0.006	2.387SerTyr: 2.387 ± 0.01	0.004SerXaa: 0.004 ± 0.0
Thr	3.305ThrAla: 3.305 ± 0.013	0.956ThrCys: 0.956 ± 0.006	2.303ThrAsp: 2.303 ± 0.01	2.883ThrGlu: 2.883 ± 0.012	2.096ThrPhe: 2.096 ± 0.008	3.143ThrGly: 3.143 ± 0.01	1.045ThrHis: 1.045 ± 0.006	2.855ThrIle: 2.855 ± 0.011	2.87ThrLys: 2.87 ± 0.012	4.623ThrLeu: 4.623 ± 0.013	1.144ThrMet: 1.144 ± 0.006	2.233ThrAsn: 2.233 ± 0.009	2.607ThrPro: 2.607 ± 0.011	1.619ThrGln: 1.619 ± 0.007	2.414ThrArg: 2.414 ± 0.01	4.75ThrSer: 4.75 ± 0.013	3.06ThrThr: 3.06 ± 0.012	3.233ThrVal: 3.233 ± 0.012	0.643ThrTrp: 0.643 ± 0.005	1.428ThrTyr: 1.428 ± 0.008	0.002ThrXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Val	4.625ValAla: 4.625 ± 0.012	1.107ValCys: 1.107 ± 0.007	3.709ValAsp: 3.709 ± 0.009	4.556ValGlu: 4.556 ± 0.019	2.588ValPhe: 2.588 ± 0.01	3.864ValGly: 3.864 ± 0.013	1.503ValHis: 1.503 ± 0.007	3.515ValIle: 3.515 ± 0.012	4.131ValLys: 4.131 ± 0.013	6.131ValLeu: 6.131 ± 0.015	1.501ValMet: 1.501 ± 0.007	2.792ValAsn: 2.792 ± 0.01	3.134ValPro: 3.134 ± 0.012	2.384ValGln: 2.384 ± 0.009	2.983ValArg: 2.983 ± 0.01	5.225ValSer: 5.225 ± 0.015	3.246ValThr: 3.246 ± 0.01	4.759ValVal: 4.759 ± 0.014	0.717ValTrp: 0.717 ± 0.006	1.898ValTyr: 1.898 ± 0.008	0.003ValXaa: 0.003 ± 0.0
Trp	0.757TrpAla: 0.757 ± 0.007	0.236TrpCys: 0.236 ± 0.003	0.698TrpAsp: 0.698 ± 0.005	0.78TrpGlu: 0.78 ± 0.006	0.535TrpPhe: 0.535 ± 0.004	0.697TrpGly: 0.697 ± 0.005	0.3TrpHis: 0.3 ± 0.003	0.729TrpIle: 0.729 ± 0.005	0.972TrpLys: 0.972 ± 0.007	1.174TrpLeu: 1.174 ± 0.006	0.34TrpMet: 0.34 ± 0.003	0.739TrpAsn: 0.739 ± 0.006	0.475TrpPro: 0.475 ± 0.004	0.447TrpGln: 0.447 ± 0.004	0.811TrpArg: 0.811 ± 0.005	0.964TrpSer: 0.964 ± 0.006	0.653TrpThr: 0.653 ± 0.005	0.745TrpVal: 0.745 ± 0.006	0.241TrpTrp: 0.241 ± 0.003	0.355TrpTyr: 0.355 ± 0.004	0.001TrpXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.825TyrAla: 1.825 ± 0.008	0.665TyrCys: 0.665 ± 0.004	1.559TyrAsp: 1.559 ± 0.008	1.625TyrGlu: 1.625 ± 0.007	1.355TyrPhe: 1.355 ± 0.007	2.069TyrGly: 2.069 ± 0.011	0.744TyrHis: 0.744 ± 0.005	1.534TyrIle: 1.534 ± 0.007	1.681TyrLys: 1.681 ± 0.01	2.885TyrLeu: 2.885 ± 0.011	0.759TyrMet: 0.759 ± 0.006	1.41TyrAsn: 1.41 ± 0.008	1.286TyrPro: 1.286 ± 0.007	1.017TyrGln: 1.017 ± 0.007	1.505TyrArg: 1.505 ± 0.007	2.377TyrSer: 2.377 ± 0.009	1.33TyrThr: 1.33 ± 0.007	1.773TyrVal: 1.773 ± 0.008	0.41TyrTrp: 0.41 ± 0.004	1.061TyrTyr: 1.061 ± 0.009	0.002TyrXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.002XaaAla: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.001XaaCys: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.002XaaAsp: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.002XaaGlu: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.002XaaPhe: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.003XaaGly: 0.003 ± 0.0	0.001XaaHis: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.002XaaIle: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.003XaaLys: 0.003 ± 0.0	0.004XaaLeu: 0.004 ± 0.0	0.002XaaMet: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.002XaaAsn: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.003XaaPro: 0.003 ± 0.0	0.002XaaGln: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.002XaaArg: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.004XaaSer: 0.004 ± 0.0	0.002XaaThr: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.003XaaVal: 0.003 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.002XaaTyr: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.001XaaXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0

Statistics based on 73607 proteins (29996979 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

---