Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Rhodosporidium toruloides (Yeast) (Rhodotorula gracilis)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	13.361AlaAla: 13.361 ± 0.095	1.07AlaCys: 1.07 ± 0.016	5.132AlaAsp: 5.132 ± 0.038	6.155AlaGlu: 6.155 ± 0.055	3.684AlaPhe: 3.684 ± 0.035	7.643AlaGly: 7.643 ± 0.051	2.218AlaHis: 2.218 ± 0.024	3.686AlaIle: 3.686 ± 0.029	4.837AlaLys: 4.837 ± 0.035	9.53AlaLeu: 9.53 ± 0.062	1.934AlaMet: 1.934 ± 0.022	2.757AlaAsn: 2.757 ± 0.027	7.467AlaPro: 7.467 ± 0.073	4.183AlaGln: 4.183 ± 0.042	6.673AlaArg: 6.673 ± 0.043	10.656AlaSer: 10.656 ± 0.079	6.142AlaThr: 6.142 ± 0.045	6.29AlaVal: 6.29 ± 0.047	1.208AlaTrp: 1.208 ± 0.018	2.285AlaTyr: 2.285 ± 0.02	0.0AlaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Cys	0.937CysAla: 0.937 ± 0.018	0.199CysCys: 0.199 ± 0.008	0.553CysAsp: 0.553 ± 0.013	0.534CysGlu: 0.534 ± 0.012	0.427CysPhe: 0.427 ± 0.011	0.828CysGly: 0.828 ± 0.016	0.207CysHis: 0.207 ± 0.007	0.487CysIle: 0.487 ± 0.013	0.382CysLys: 0.382 ± 0.011	1.003CysLeu: 1.003 ± 0.017	0.171CysMet: 0.171 ± 0.007	0.238CysAsn: 0.238 ± 0.009	0.603CysPro: 0.603 ± 0.013	0.319CysGln: 0.319 ± 0.009	0.668CysArg: 0.668 ± 0.014	0.748CysSer: 0.748 ± 0.014	0.59CysThr: 0.59 ± 0.013	0.664CysVal: 0.664 ± 0.015	0.17CysTrp: 0.17 ± 0.007	0.254CysTyr: 0.254 ± 0.007	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	5.676AspAla: 5.676 ± 0.038	0.497AspCys: 0.497 ± 0.012	4.313AspAsp: 4.313 ± 0.042	5.64AspGlu: 5.64 ± 0.048	2.047AspPhe: 2.047 ± 0.026	4.17AspGly: 4.17 ± 0.038	0.938AspHis: 0.938 ± 0.015	1.967AspIle: 1.967 ± 0.022	2.193AspLys: 2.193 ± 0.026	5.287AspLeu: 5.287 ± 0.039	0.888AspMet: 0.888 ± 0.014	1.116AspAsn: 1.116 ± 0.017	3.469AspPro: 3.469 ± 0.028	1.529AspGln: 1.529 ± 0.019	2.945AspArg: 2.945 ± 0.028	4.179AspSer: 4.179 ± 0.042	2.269AspThr: 2.269 ± 0.024	3.648AspVal: 3.648 ± 0.032	0.884AspTrp: 0.884 ± 0.015	1.335AspTyr: 1.335 ± 0.02	0.0AspXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Glu	6.5GluAla: 6.5 ± 0.048	0.511GluCys: 0.511 ± 0.011	4.398GluAsp: 4.398 ± 0.04	6.967GluGlu: 6.967 ± 0.07	1.557GluPhe: 1.557 ± 0.022	4.998GluGly: 4.998 ± 0.035	1.27GluHis: 1.27 ± 0.02	2.239GluIle: 2.239 ± 0.026	3.533GluLys: 3.533 ± 0.036	5.471GluLeu: 5.471 ± 0.045	1.386GluMet: 1.386 ± 0.019	1.437GluAsn: 1.437 ± 0.019	2.87GluPro: 2.87 ± 0.03	2.67GluGln: 2.67 ± 0.03	5.036GluArg: 5.036 ± 0.047	3.512GluSer: 3.512 ± 0.03	3.13GluThr: 3.13 ± 0.027	4.028GluVal: 4.028 ± 0.032	0.975GluTrp: 0.975 ± 0.018	1.325GluTyr: 1.325 ± 0.021	0.0GluXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Phe	3.758PheAla: 3.758 ± 0.03	0.464PheCys: 0.464 ± 0.013	2.307PheAsp: 2.307 ± 0.025	2.065PheGlu: 2.065 ± 0.024	1.464PhePhe: 1.464 ± 0.024	2.731PheGly: 2.731 ± 0.034	0.744PheHis: 0.744 ± 0.014	1.241PheIle: 1.241 ± 0.019	1.195PheLys: 1.195 ± 0.017	3.282PheLeu: 3.282 ± 0.029	0.475PheMet: 0.475 ± 0.011	0.947PheAsn: 0.947 ± 0.019	2.02PhePro: 2.02 ± 0.021	0.986PheGln: 0.986 ± 0.018	1.906PheArg: 1.906 ± 0.023	2.941PheSer: 2.941 ± 0.028	1.815PheThr: 1.815 ± 0.023	2.463PheVal: 2.463 ± 0.024	0.459PheTrp: 0.459 ± 0.012	0.844PheTyr: 0.844 ± 0.015	0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly	6.991GlyAla: 6.991 ± 0.05	0.691GlyCys: 0.691 ± 0.016	3.552GlyAsp: 3.552 ± 0.03	4.689GlyGlu: 4.689 ± 0.038	2.523GlyPhe: 2.523 ± 0.028	7.697GlyGly: 7.697 ± 0.085	1.404GlyHis: 1.404 ± 0.022	2.673GlyIle: 2.673 ± 0.028	3.947GlyLys: 3.947 ± 0.039	5.972GlyLeu: 5.972 ± 0.042	1.474GlyMet: 1.474 ± 0.025	1.696GlyAsn: 1.696 ± 0.024	3.384GlyPro: 3.384 ± 0.038	2.542GlyGln: 2.542 ± 0.028	4.683GlyArg: 4.683 ± 0.037	5.938GlySer: 5.938 ± 0.045	3.853GlyThr: 3.853 ± 0.036	4.455GlyVal: 4.455 ± 0.033	1.221GlyTrp: 1.221 ± 0.019	1.773GlyTyr: 1.773 ± 0.03	0.0GlyXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
His	2.236HisAla: 2.236 ± 0.026	0.227HisCys: 0.227 ± 0.008	1.228HisAsp: 1.228 ± 0.018	1.153HisGlu: 1.153 ± 0.018	0.871HisPhe: 0.871 ± 0.016	1.429HisGly: 1.429 ± 0.021	0.757HisHis: 0.757 ± 0.018	0.852HisIle: 0.852 ± 0.013	0.71HisLys: 0.71 ± 0.015	2.499HisLeu: 2.499 ± 0.025	0.292HisMet: 0.292 ± 0.007	0.575HisAsn: 0.575 ± 0.013	1.945HisPro: 1.945 ± 0.024	0.749HisGln: 0.749 ± 0.013	1.469HisArg: 1.469 ± 0.02	1.825HisSer: 1.825 ± 0.025	1.122HisThr: 1.122 ± 0.018	1.294HisVal: 1.294 ± 0.017	0.267HisTrp: 0.267 ± 0.008	0.572HisTyr: 0.572 ± 0.012	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	3.77IleAla: 3.77 ± 0.034	0.485IleCys: 0.485 ± 0.011	2.237IleAsp: 2.237 ± 0.028	2.353IleGlu: 2.353 ± 0.026	1.349IlePhe: 1.349 ± 0.021	2.416IleGly: 2.416 ± 0.03	0.79IleHis: 0.79 ± 0.013	1.379IleIle: 1.379 ± 0.023	1.626IleLys: 1.626 ± 0.022	3.521IleLeu: 3.521 ± 0.029	0.555IleMet: 0.555 ± 0.012	1.008IleAsn: 1.008 ± 0.016	2.382IlePro: 2.382 ± 0.025	1.185IleGln: 1.185 ± 0.018	2.287IleArg: 2.287 ± 0.021	2.755IleSer: 2.755 ± 0.025	1.798IleThr: 1.798 ± 0.024	2.704IleVal: 2.704 ± 0.029	0.468IleTrp: 0.468 ± 0.011	0.887IleTyr: 0.887 ± 0.016	0.0IleXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Lys	4.72LysAla: 4.72 ± 0.042	0.357LysCys: 0.357 ± 0.011	2.355LysAsp: 2.355 ± 0.027	3.509LysGlu: 3.509 ± 0.033	1.016LysPhe: 1.016 ± 0.017	3.435LysGly: 3.435 ± 0.035	0.892LysHis: 0.892 ± 0.015	1.524LysIle: 1.524 ± 0.023	3.264LysLys: 3.264 ± 0.047	3.691LysLeu: 3.691 ± 0.031	0.822LysMet: 0.822 ± 0.014	1.123LysAsn: 1.123 ± 0.019	2.58LysPro: 2.58 ± 0.032	1.679LysGln: 1.679 ± 0.02	3.735LysArg: 3.735 ± 0.038	2.772LysSer: 2.772 ± 0.027	2.374LysThr: 2.374 ± 0.025	2.838LysVal: 2.838 ± 0.027	0.547LysTrp: 0.547 ± 0.012	0.937LysTyr: 0.937 ± 0.018	0.0LysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Leu	10.709LeuAla: 10.709 ± 0.067	1.045LeuCys: 1.045 ± 0.018	5.584LeuAsp: 5.584 ± 0.045	5.729LeuGlu: 5.729 ± 0.047	3.307LeuPhe: 3.307 ± 0.035	5.82LeuGly: 5.82 ± 0.046	2.194LeuHis: 2.194 ± 0.025	3.169LeuIle: 3.169 ± 0.032	3.722LeuLys: 3.722 ± 0.031	9.043LeuLeu: 9.043 ± 0.069	1.341LeuMet: 1.341 ± 0.02	2.491LeuAsn: 2.491 ± 0.028	7.036LeuPro: 7.036 ± 0.045	3.246LeuGln: 3.246 ± 0.033	6.599LeuArg: 6.599 ± 0.047	8.364LeuSer: 8.364 ± 0.051	4.902LeuThr: 4.902 ± 0.04	6.302LeuVal: 6.302 ± 0.045	1.03LeuTrp: 1.03 ± 0.015	2.084LeuTyr: 2.084 ± 0.026	0.0LeuXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Met	1.786MetAla: 1.786 ± 0.023	0.17MetCys: 0.17 ± 0.006	0.929MetAsp: 0.929 ± 0.014	0.935MetGlu: 0.935 ± 0.015	0.462MetPhe: 0.462 ± 0.012	1.212MetGly: 1.212 ± 0.018	0.396MetHis: 0.396 ± 0.009	0.571MetIle: 0.571 ± 0.012	0.642MetLys: 0.642 ± 0.014	1.595MetLeu: 1.595 ± 0.02	0.352MetMet: 0.352 ± 0.009	0.464MetAsn: 0.464 ± 0.011	1.142MetPro: 1.142 ± 0.015	0.71MetGln: 0.71 ± 0.014	1.255MetArg: 1.255 ± 0.018	1.585MetSer: 1.585 ± 0.019	0.918MetThr: 0.918 ± 0.014	0.968MetVal: 0.968 ± 0.015	0.206MetTrp: 0.206 ± 0.007	0.381MetTyr: 0.381 ± 0.009	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	2.707AsnAla: 2.707 ± 0.025	0.266AsnCys: 0.266 ± 0.009	1.357AsnAsp: 1.357 ± 0.019	1.492AsnGlu: 1.492 ± 0.022	0.9AsnPhe: 0.9 ± 0.015	2.448AsnGly: 2.448 ± 0.032	0.496AsnHis: 0.496 ± 0.01	1.031AsnIle: 1.031 ± 0.017	1.084AsnLys: 1.084 ± 0.017	2.566AsnLeu: 2.566 ± 0.026	0.427AsnMet: 0.427 ± 0.009	0.71AsnAsn: 0.71 ± 0.013	2.0AsnPro: 2.0 ± 0.025	0.77AsnGln: 0.77 ± 0.015	1.439AsnArg: 1.439 ± 0.018	1.918AsnSer: 1.918 ± 0.025	1.242AsnThr: 1.242 ± 0.017	1.741AsnVal: 1.741 ± 0.022	0.366AsnTrp: 0.366 ± 0.009	0.626AsnTyr: 0.626 ± 0.012	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	8.458ProAla: 8.458 ± 0.079	0.429ProCys: 0.429 ± 0.01	3.09ProAsp: 3.09 ± 0.025	3.187ProGlu: 3.187 ± 0.031	2.388ProPhe: 2.388 ± 0.022	3.692ProGly: 3.692 ± 0.036	1.728ProHis: 1.728 ± 0.022	2.204ProIle: 2.204 ± 0.022	2.369ProLys: 2.369 ± 0.028	6.241ProLeu: 6.241 ± 0.039	0.821ProMet: 0.821 ± 0.015	1.787ProAsn: 1.787 ± 0.023	8.672ProPro: 8.672 ± 0.115	2.368ProGln: 2.368 ± 0.031	4.045ProArg: 4.045 ± 0.038	9.161ProSer: 9.161 ± 0.082	4.906ProThr: 4.906 ± 0.044	3.928ProVal: 3.928 ± 0.033	0.596ProTrp: 0.596 ± 0.012	1.513ProTyr: 1.513 ± 0.024	0.0ProXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gln	4.042GlnAla: 4.042 ± 0.045	0.306GlnCys: 0.306 ± 0.01	1.703GlnAsp: 1.703 ± 0.02	2.055GlnGlu: 2.055 ± 0.023	0.951GlnPhe: 0.951 ± 0.016	2.264GlnGly: 2.264 ± 0.028	1.049GlnHis: 1.049 ± 0.019	1.337GlnIle: 1.337 ± 0.021	1.475GlnLys: 1.475 ± 0.021	3.541GlnLeu: 3.541 ± 0.031	0.64GlnMet: 0.64 ± 0.014	0.955GlnAsn: 0.955 ± 0.016	2.842GlnPro: 2.842 ± 0.038	2.651GlnGln: 2.651 ± 0.07	2.711GlnArg: 2.711 ± 0.027	2.456GlnSer: 2.456 ± 0.027	1.978GlnThr: 1.978 ± 0.021	2.119GlnVal: 2.119 ± 0.024	0.379GlnTrp: 0.379 ± 0.011	0.845GlnTyr: 0.845 ± 0.016	0.0GlnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Arg	6.146ArgAla: 6.146 ± 0.048	0.664ArgCys: 0.664 ± 0.014	3.478ArgAsp: 3.478 ± 0.031	4.443ArgGlu: 4.443 ± 0.04	2.231ArgPhe: 2.231 ± 0.024	3.972ArgGly: 3.972 ± 0.034	1.509ArgHis: 1.509 ± 0.021	2.619ArgIle: 2.619 ± 0.027	3.53ArgLys: 3.53 ± 0.034	6.527ArgLeu: 6.527 ± 0.049	1.304ArgMet: 1.304 ± 0.017	1.795ArgAsn: 1.795 ± 0.022	4.414ArgPro: 4.414 ± 0.041	2.715ArgGln: 2.715 ± 0.029	6.459ArgArg: 6.459 ± 0.058	5.637ArgSer: 5.637 ± 0.047	3.833ArgThr: 3.833 ± 0.031	3.642ArgVal: 3.642 ± 0.029	0.978ArgTrp: 0.978 ± 0.017	1.485ArgTyr: 1.485 ± 0.02	0.0ArgXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ser	9.545SerAla: 9.545 ± 0.068	0.754SerCys: 0.754 ± 0.015	4.042SerAsp: 4.042 ± 0.033	3.611SerGlu: 3.611 ± 0.032	3.194SerPhe: 3.194 ± 0.026	5.593SerGly: 5.593 ± 0.045	2.047SerHis: 2.047 ± 0.024	3.034SerIle: 3.034 ± 0.027	3.04SerLys: 3.04 ± 0.028	8.822SerLeu: 8.822 ± 0.059	1.282SerMet: 1.282 ± 0.02	2.239SerAsn: 2.239 ± 0.025	7.855SerPro: 7.855 ± 0.084	2.749SerGln: 2.749 ± 0.026	5.675SerArg: 5.675 ± 0.051	12.702SerSer: 12.702 ± 0.133	7.174SerThr: 7.174 ± 0.067	4.508SerVal: 4.508 ± 0.037	0.959SerTrp: 0.959 ± 0.017	1.886SerTyr: 1.886 ± 0.022	0.0SerXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Thr	6.078ThrAla: 6.078 ± 0.043	0.621ThrCys: 0.621 ± 0.015	2.644ThrAsp: 2.644 ± 0.023	2.522ThrGlu: 2.522 ± 0.029	2.144ThrPhe: 2.144 ± 0.023	3.912ThrGly: 3.912 ± 0.039	1.256ThrHis: 1.256 ± 0.019	2.23ThrIle: 2.23 ± 0.025	2.085ThrLys: 2.085 ± 0.025	5.69ThrLeu: 5.69 ± 0.042	0.841ThrMet: 0.841 ± 0.014	1.483ThrAsn: 1.483 ± 0.019	5.021ThrPro: 5.021 ± 0.05	1.687ThrGln: 1.687 ± 0.019	3.33ThrArg: 3.33 ± 0.03	6.296ThrSer: 6.296 ± 0.055	4.06ThrThr: 4.06 ± 0.047	3.46ThrVal: 3.46 ± 0.031	0.662ThrTrp: 0.662 ± 0.011	1.327ThrTyr: 1.327 ± 0.02	0.0ThrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Val	6.211ValAla: 6.211 ± 0.046	0.761ValCys: 0.761 ± 0.015	3.885ValAsp: 3.885 ± 0.031	4.617ValGlu: 4.617 ± 0.042	2.263ValPhe: 2.263 ± 0.025	4.293ValGly: 4.293 ± 0.038	1.322ValHis: 1.322 ± 0.019	2.201ValIle: 2.201 ± 0.026	3.042ValLys: 3.042 ± 0.03	5.878ValLeu: 5.878 ± 0.046	1.018ValMet: 1.018 ± 0.018	1.642ValAsn: 1.642 ± 0.023	3.964ValPro: 3.964 ± 0.031	2.283ValGln: 2.283 ± 0.026	3.948ValArg: 3.948 ± 0.036	4.478ValSer: 4.478 ± 0.036	3.019ValThr: 3.019 ± 0.033	4.732ValVal: 4.732 ± 0.038	0.907ValTrp: 0.907 ± 0.016	1.435ValTyr: 1.435 ± 0.02	0.0ValXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Trp	1.083TrpAla: 1.083 ± 0.017	0.162TrpCys: 0.162 ± 0.005	0.802TrpAsp: 0.802 ± 0.015	0.836TrpGlu: 0.836 ± 0.015	0.428TrpPhe: 0.428 ± 0.011	0.738TrpGly: 0.738 ± 0.014	0.3TrpHis: 0.3 ± 0.009	0.579TrpIle: 0.579 ± 0.012	0.632TrpLys: 0.632 ± 0.012	1.241TrpLeu: 1.241 ± 0.019	0.294TrpMet: 0.294 ± 0.008	0.409TrpAsn: 0.409 ± 0.011	0.545TrpPro: 0.545 ± 0.013	0.499TrpGln: 0.499 ± 0.01	1.03TrpArg: 1.03 ± 0.018	1.017TrpSer: 1.017 ± 0.017	0.917TrpThr: 0.917 ± 0.015	0.79TrpVal: 0.79 ± 0.014	0.259TrpTrp: 0.259 ± 0.008	0.311TrpTyr: 0.311 ± 0.008	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	2.196TyrAla: 2.196 ± 0.025	0.304TyrCys: 0.304 ± 0.01	1.4TyrAsp: 1.4 ± 0.02	1.321TyrGlu: 1.321 ± 0.02	0.9TyrPhe: 0.9 ± 0.015	1.866TyrGly: 1.866 ± 0.03	0.555TyrHis: 0.555 ± 0.012	0.931TyrIle: 0.931 ± 0.015	0.862TyrLys: 0.862 ± 0.018	2.317TyrLeu: 2.317 ± 0.025	0.363TyrMet: 0.363 ± 0.009	0.713TyrAsn: 0.713 ± 0.014	1.37TyrPro: 1.37 ± 0.023	0.783TyrGln: 0.783 ± 0.016	1.489TyrArg: 1.489 ± 0.021	1.772TyrSer: 1.772 ± 0.023	1.306TyrThr: 1.306 ± 0.016	1.327TyrVal: 1.327 ± 0.021	0.332TyrTrp: 0.332 ± 0.008	0.654TyrTyr: 0.654 ± 0.015	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.0XaaAla: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGlu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGly: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaIle: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLeu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPro: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGln: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaArg: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaSer: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaVal: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTyr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0

Statistics based on 7496 proteins (4252312 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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