Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Aptenodytes forsteri (Emperor penguin)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	5.846AlaAla: 5.846 ± 0.051	1.367AlaCys: 1.367 ± 0.017	3.015AlaAsp: 3.015 ± 0.023	4.635AlaGlu: 4.635 ± 0.035	2.635AlaPhe: 2.635 ± 0.023	4.016AlaGly: 4.016 ± 0.037	1.371AlaHis: 1.371 ± 0.017	3.077AlaIle: 3.077 ± 0.026	3.724AlaLys: 3.724 ± 0.033	6.534AlaLeu: 6.534 ± 0.039	1.512AlaMet: 1.512 ± 0.018	2.268AlaAsn: 2.268 ± 0.021	2.984AlaPro: 2.984 ± 0.029	2.781AlaGln: 2.781 ± 0.027	3.031AlaArg: 3.031 ± 0.028	5.208AlaSer: 5.208 ± 0.034	3.364AlaThr: 3.364 ± 0.031	4.906AlaVal: 4.906 ± 0.033	0.731AlaTrp: 0.731 ± 0.012	1.673AlaTyr: 1.673 ± 0.02	0.0AlaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Cys	1.191CysAla: 1.191 ± 0.02	0.659CysCys: 0.659 ± 0.015	1.068CysAsp: 1.068 ± 0.021	1.32CysGlu: 1.32 ± 0.024	0.92CysPhe: 0.92 ± 0.013	1.503CysGly: 1.503 ± 0.026	0.636CysHis: 0.636 ± 0.012	1.17CysIle: 1.17 ± 0.019	1.344CysLys: 1.344 ± 0.019	2.238CysLeu: 2.238 ± 0.03	0.46CysMet: 0.46 ± 0.011	0.936CysAsn: 0.936 ± 0.016	1.26CysPro: 1.26 ± 0.024	1.069CysGln: 1.069 ± 0.015	1.243CysArg: 1.243 ± 0.019	2.027CysSer: 2.027 ± 0.026	1.215CysThr: 1.215 ± 0.018	1.364CysVal: 1.364 ± 0.019	0.297CysTrp: 0.297 ± 0.007	0.689CysTyr: 0.689 ± 0.011	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	2.988AspAla: 2.988 ± 0.026	1.116AspCys: 1.116 ± 0.019	2.844AspAsp: 2.844 ± 0.03	3.677AspGlu: 3.677 ± 0.029	2.265AspPhe: 2.265 ± 0.02	3.375AspGly: 3.375 ± 0.034	1.157AspHis: 1.157 ± 0.015	2.981AspIle: 2.981 ± 0.024	2.779AspLys: 2.779 ± 0.025	5.031AspLeu: 5.031 ± 0.035	1.155AspMet: 1.155 ± 0.013	1.927AspAsn: 1.927 ± 0.02	2.672AspPro: 2.672 ± 0.024	1.849AspGln: 1.849 ± 0.019	2.375AspArg: 2.375 ± 0.025	4.061AspSer: 4.061 ± 0.035	2.512AspThr: 2.512 ± 0.023	3.213AspVal: 3.213 ± 0.025	0.662AspTrp: 0.662 ± 0.011	1.661AspTyr: 1.661 ± 0.016	0.0AspXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Glu	4.678GluAla: 4.678 ± 0.033	1.334GluCys: 1.334 ± 0.023	4.481GluAsp: 4.481 ± 0.035	7.911GluGlu: 7.911 ± 0.069	2.203GluPhe: 2.203 ± 0.021	4.001GluGly: 4.001 ± 0.028	1.541GluHis: 1.541 ± 0.015	3.543GluIle: 3.543 ± 0.025	5.709GluLys: 5.709 ± 0.046	6.352GluLeu: 6.352 ± 0.053	1.779GluMet: 1.779 ± 0.019	3.429GluAsn: 3.429 ± 0.026	2.589GluPro: 2.589 ± 0.021	3.198GluGln: 3.198 ± 0.035	3.954GluArg: 3.954 ± 0.039	4.462GluSer: 4.462 ± 0.03	3.563GluThr: 3.563 ± 0.028	4.389GluVal: 4.389 ± 0.027	0.734GluTrp: 0.734 ± 0.012	1.848GluTyr: 1.848 ± 0.018	0.0GluXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Phe	2.176PheAla: 2.176 ± 0.023	0.992PheCys: 0.992 ± 0.014	1.825PheAsp: 1.825 ± 0.018	2.143PheGlu: 2.143 ± 0.022	1.864PhePhe: 1.864 ± 0.026	2.322PheGly: 2.322 ± 0.024	1.087PheHis: 1.087 ± 0.014	2.119PheIle: 2.119 ± 0.021	2.16PheLys: 2.16 ± 0.023	4.19PheLeu: 4.19 ± 0.034	0.793PheMet: 0.793 ± 0.011	1.525PheAsn: 1.525 ± 0.018	1.962PhePro: 1.962 ± 0.022	1.851PheGln: 1.851 ± 0.016	1.954PheArg: 1.954 ± 0.018	3.489PheSer: 3.489 ± 0.026	2.284PheThr: 2.284 ± 0.021	2.424PheVal: 2.424 ± 0.033	0.511PheTrp: 0.511 ± 0.01	1.329PheTyr: 1.329 ± 0.016	0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly	3.633GlyAla: 3.633 ± 0.03	1.266GlyCys: 1.266 ± 0.018	3.0GlyAsp: 3.0 ± 0.029	3.811GlyGlu: 3.811 ± 0.034	2.554GlyPhe: 2.554 ± 0.026	4.025GlyGly: 4.025 ± 0.043	1.512GlyHis: 1.512 ± 0.019	3.129GlyIle: 3.129 ± 0.028	4.072GlyLys: 4.072 ± 0.028	5.229GlyLeu: 5.229 ± 0.044	1.395GlyMet: 1.395 ± 0.018	2.603GlyAsn: 2.603 ± 0.024	2.799GlyPro: 2.799 ± 0.06	2.539GlyGln: 2.539 ± 0.022	3.313GlyArg: 3.313 ± 0.038	5.027GlySer: 5.027 ± 0.04	3.457GlyThr: 3.457 ± 0.029	3.487GlyVal: 3.487 ± 0.029	0.785GlyTrp: 0.785 ± 0.015	1.91GlyTyr: 1.91 ± 0.023	0.0GlyXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
His	1.349HisAla: 1.349 ± 0.015	0.708HisCys: 0.708 ± 0.013	0.929HisAsp: 0.929 ± 0.013	1.352HisGlu: 1.352 ± 0.016	1.086HisPhe: 1.086 ± 0.013	1.502HisGly: 1.502 ± 0.017	0.876HisHis: 0.876 ± 0.017	1.341HisIle: 1.341 ± 0.016	1.372HisLys: 1.372 ± 0.017	2.806HisLeu: 2.806 ± 0.025	0.585HisMet: 0.585 ± 0.011	0.981HisAsn: 0.981 ± 0.012	1.484HisPro: 1.484 ± 0.017	1.197HisGln: 1.197 ± 0.016	1.468HisArg: 1.468 ± 0.017	2.178HisSer: 2.178 ± 0.022	1.319HisThr: 1.319 ± 0.018	1.551HisVal: 1.551 ± 0.017	0.419HisTrp: 0.419 ± 0.008	0.869HisTyr: 0.869 ± 0.011	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	3.061IleAla: 3.061 ± 0.025	1.222IleCys: 1.222 ± 0.018	2.321IleAsp: 2.321 ± 0.021	2.889IleGlu: 2.889 ± 0.026	2.149IlePhe: 2.149 ± 0.022	2.504IleGly: 2.504 ± 0.024	1.406IleHis: 1.406 ± 0.015	2.742IleIle: 2.742 ± 0.024	3.024IleLys: 3.024 ± 0.028	4.958IleLeu: 4.958 ± 0.037	1.072IleMet: 1.072 ± 0.014	2.168IleAsn: 2.168 ± 0.021	2.845IlePro: 2.845 ± 0.021	2.47IleGln: 2.47 ± 0.021	2.605IleArg: 2.605 ± 0.02	4.056IleSer: 4.056 ± 0.026	2.876IleThr: 2.876 ± 0.024	2.924IleVal: 2.924 ± 0.026	0.585IleTrp: 0.585 ± 0.009	1.634IleTyr: 1.634 ± 0.023	0.0IleXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Lys	4.183LysAla: 4.183 ± 0.032	1.26LysCys: 1.26 ± 0.02	3.458LysAsp: 3.458 ± 0.025	5.77LysGlu: 5.77 ± 0.046	1.977LysPhe: 1.977 ± 0.024	3.506LysGly: 3.506 ± 0.04	1.603LysHis: 1.603 ± 0.019	3.189LysIle: 3.189 ± 0.026	5.44LysLys: 5.44 ± 0.044	5.779LysLeu: 5.779 ± 0.04	1.561LysMet: 1.561 ± 0.016	2.773LysAsn: 2.773 ± 0.024	3.051LysPro: 3.051 ± 0.024	2.966LysGln: 2.966 ± 0.029	3.574LysArg: 3.574 ± 0.029	4.262LysSer: 4.262 ± 0.032	3.382LysThr: 3.382 ± 0.029	3.791LysVal: 3.791 ± 0.031	0.689LysTrp: 0.689 ± 0.011	1.881LysTyr: 1.881 ± 0.02	0.0LysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Leu	6.321LeuAla: 6.321 ± 0.043	2.202LeuCys: 2.202 ± 0.027	4.891LeuAsp: 4.891 ± 0.037	7.048LeuGlu: 7.048 ± 0.052	3.682LeuPhe: 3.682 ± 0.04	5.231LeuGly: 5.231 ± 0.036	2.696LeuHis: 2.696 ± 0.024	4.28LeuIle: 4.28 ± 0.03	6.432LeuLys: 6.432 ± 0.047	10.089LeuLeu: 10.089 ± 0.072	2.055LeuMet: 2.055 ± 0.019	3.882LeuAsn: 3.882 ± 0.025	5.439LeuPro: 5.439 ± 0.038	5.609LeuGln: 5.609 ± 0.045	5.219LeuArg: 5.219 ± 0.038	7.792LeuSer: 7.792 ± 0.05	4.971LeuThr: 4.971 ± 0.036	5.524LeuVal: 5.524 ± 0.045	1.086LeuTrp: 1.086 ± 0.015	2.823LeuTyr: 2.823 ± 0.025	0.0LeuXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Met	1.648MetAla: 1.648 ± 0.018	0.429MetCys: 0.429 ± 0.01	1.289MetAsp: 1.289 ± 0.017	1.883MetGlu: 1.883 ± 0.019	0.827MetPhe: 0.827 ± 0.012	1.282MetGly: 1.282 ± 0.021	0.523MetHis: 0.523 ± 0.009	0.968MetIle: 0.968 ± 0.013	1.607MetLys: 1.607 ± 0.017	2.077MetLeu: 2.077 ± 0.02	0.589MetMet: 0.589 ± 0.01	1.008MetAsn: 1.008 ± 0.013	1.052MetPro: 1.052 ± 0.016	1.029MetGln: 1.029 ± 0.014	1.073MetArg: 1.073 ± 0.014	1.537MetSer: 1.537 ± 0.018	1.159MetThr: 1.159 ± 0.014	1.435MetVal: 1.435 ± 0.017	0.252MetTrp: 0.252 ± 0.007	0.664MetTyr: 0.664 ± 0.01	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	2.359AsnAla: 2.359 ± 0.018	0.988AsnCys: 0.988 ± 0.016	1.728AsnAsp: 1.728 ± 0.02	2.573AsnGlu: 2.573 ± 0.02	1.627AsnPhe: 1.627 ± 0.018	2.827AsnGly: 2.827 ± 0.031	0.999AsnHis: 0.999 ± 0.013	2.483AsnIle: 2.483 ± 0.022	2.608AsnLys: 2.608 ± 0.022	4.118AsnLeu: 4.118 ± 0.031	0.996AsnMet: 0.996 ± 0.014	1.846AsnAsn: 1.846 ± 0.02	2.285AsnPro: 2.285 ± 0.023	1.728AsnGln: 1.728 ± 0.019	2.061AsnArg: 2.061 ± 0.018	3.412AsnSer: 3.412 ± 0.03	2.208AsnThr: 2.208 ± 0.024	2.491AsnVal: 2.491 ± 0.021	0.503AsnTrp: 0.503 ± 0.009	1.318AsnTyr: 1.318 ± 0.017	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	3.781ProAla: 3.781 ± 0.033	1.056ProCys: 1.056 ± 0.017	2.614ProAsp: 2.614 ± 0.024	3.856ProGlu: 3.856 ± 0.031	1.912ProPhe: 1.912 ± 0.021	3.759ProGly: 3.759 ± 0.088	1.247ProHis: 1.247 ± 0.015	1.967ProIle: 1.967 ± 0.021	2.739ProLys: 2.739 ± 0.03	4.613ProLeu: 4.613 ± 0.033	0.949ProMet: 0.949 ± 0.014	1.905ProAsn: 1.905 ± 0.02	4.343ProPro: 4.343 ± 0.059	2.354ProGln: 2.354 ± 0.029	2.567ProArg: 2.567 ± 0.024	4.904ProSer: 4.904 ± 0.046	2.675ProThr: 2.675 ± 0.025	3.715ProVal: 3.715 ± 0.029	0.579ProTrp: 0.579 ± 0.012	1.49ProTyr: 1.49 ± 0.016	0.0ProXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gln	3.068GlnAla: 3.068 ± 0.03	1.001GlnCys: 1.001 ± 0.019	2.233GlnAsp: 2.233 ± 0.022	3.661GlnGlu: 3.661 ± 0.034	1.475GlnPhe: 1.475 ± 0.017	2.509GlnGly: 2.509 ± 0.027	1.316GlnHis: 1.316 ± 0.018	2.226GlnIle: 2.226 ± 0.021	3.187GlnLys: 3.187 ± 0.028	4.636GlnLeu: 4.636 ± 0.039	1.106GlnMet: 1.106 ± 0.014	2.05GlnAsn: 2.05 ± 0.022	2.376GlnPro: 2.376 ± 0.031	3.055GlnGln: 3.055 ± 0.053	2.664GlnArg: 2.664 ± 0.024	3.196GlnSer: 3.196 ± 0.03	2.35GlnThr: 2.35 ± 0.02	2.758GlnVal: 2.758 ± 0.021	0.53GlnTrp: 0.53 ± 0.011	1.322GlnTyr: 1.322 ± 0.016	0.0GlnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Arg	3.119ArgAla: 3.119 ± 0.026	1.145ArgCys: 1.145 ± 0.023	2.596ArgAsp: 2.596 ± 0.024	3.818ArgGlu: 3.818 ± 0.032	1.965ArgPhe: 1.965 ± 0.019	2.919ArgGly: 2.919 ± 0.033	1.466ArgHis: 1.466 ± 0.017	2.594ArgIle: 2.594 ± 0.02	4.021ArgLys: 4.021 ± 0.035	5.081ArgLeu: 5.081 ± 0.038	1.19ArgMet: 1.19 ± 0.016	2.239ArgAsn: 2.239 ± 0.019	2.42ArgPro: 2.42 ± 0.022	2.512ArgGln: 2.512 ± 0.026	3.757ArgArg: 3.757 ± 0.04	3.967ArgSer: 3.967 ± 0.041	2.672ArgThr: 2.672 ± 0.023	2.999ArgVal: 2.999 ± 0.025	0.633ArgTrp: 0.633 ± 0.01	1.632ArgTyr: 1.632 ± 0.018	0.0ArgXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ser	5.108SerAla: 5.108 ± 0.036	1.873SerCys: 1.873 ± 0.024	3.983SerAsp: 3.983 ± 0.037	5.063SerGlu: 5.063 ± 0.04	3.121SerPhe: 3.121 ± 0.025	4.937SerGly: 4.937 ± 0.041	2.027SerHis: 2.027 ± 0.022	3.583SerIle: 3.583 ± 0.03	4.464SerLys: 4.464 ± 0.033	7.925SerLeu: 7.925 ± 0.053	1.618SerMet: 1.618 ± 0.016	3.103SerAsn: 3.103 ± 0.027	5.095SerPro: 5.095 ± 0.055	3.647SerGln: 3.647 ± 0.036	4.119SerArg: 4.119 ± 0.039	9.055SerSer: 9.055 ± 0.093	4.492SerThr: 4.492 ± 0.035	5.071SerVal: 5.071 ± 0.036	0.97SerTrp: 0.97 ± 0.013	2.256SerTyr: 2.256 ± 0.022	0.0SerXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Thr	3.798ThrAla: 3.798 ± 0.024	1.33ThrCys: 1.33 ± 0.024	2.74ThrAsp: 2.74 ± 0.02	3.701ThrGlu: 3.701 ± 0.031	2.21ThrPhe: 2.21 ± 0.02	3.466ThrGly: 3.466 ± 0.031	1.185ThrHis: 1.185 ± 0.016	2.588ThrIle: 2.588 ± 0.021	2.9ThrLys: 2.9 ± 0.026	5.142ThrLeu: 5.142 ± 0.031	1.138ThrMet: 1.138 ± 0.014	1.965ThrAsn: 1.965 ± 0.02	3.082ThrPro: 3.082 ± 0.035	2.099ThrGln: 2.099 ± 0.02	2.317ThrArg: 2.317 ± 0.02	4.613ThrSer: 4.613 ± 0.038	2.985ThrThr: 2.985 ± 0.032	4.119ThrVal: 4.119 ± 0.034	0.67ThrTrp: 0.67 ± 0.012	1.569ThrTyr: 1.569 ± 0.021	0.0ThrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Val	4.082ValAla: 4.082 ± 0.031	1.626ValCys: 1.626 ± 0.03	3.15ValAsp: 3.15 ± 0.027	3.967ValGlu: 3.967 ± 0.03	2.653ValPhe: 2.653 ± 0.026	3.38ValGly: 3.38 ± 0.031	1.591ValHis: 1.591 ± 0.019	3.265ValIle: 3.265 ± 0.025	3.882ValLys: 3.882 ± 0.03	6.303ValLeu: 6.303 ± 0.044	1.379ValMet: 1.379 ± 0.015	2.594ValAsn: 2.594 ± 0.023	3.441ValPro: 3.441 ± 0.027	2.858ValGln: 2.858 ± 0.024	3.044ValArg: 3.044 ± 0.022	4.956ValSer: 4.956 ± 0.036	3.833ValThr: 3.833 ± 0.029	4.293ValVal: 4.293 ± 0.038	0.736ValTrp: 0.736 ± 0.01	1.872ValTyr: 1.872 ± 0.02	0.0ValXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Trp	0.687TrpAla: 0.687 ± 0.01	0.25TrpCys: 0.25 ± 0.008	0.676TrpAsp: 0.676 ± 0.012	0.783TrpGlu: 0.783 ± 0.012	0.463TrpPhe: 0.463 ± 0.008	0.656TrpGly: 0.656 ± 0.013	0.327TrpHis: 0.327 ± 0.007	0.62TrpIle: 0.62 ± 0.012	0.894TrpLys: 0.894 ± 0.012	1.186TrpLeu: 1.186 ± 0.017	0.314TrpMet: 0.314 ± 0.007	0.64TrpAsn: 0.64 ± 0.011	0.454TrpPro: 0.454 ± 0.01	0.556TrpGln: 0.556 ± 0.011	0.668TrpArg: 0.668 ± 0.01	0.898TrpSer: 0.898 ± 0.013	0.655TrpThr: 0.655 ± 0.013	0.674TrpVal: 0.674 ± 0.011	0.193TrpTrp: 0.193 ± 0.006	0.378TrpTyr: 0.378 ± 0.008	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.601TyrAla: 1.601 ± 0.018	0.785TyrCys: 0.785 ± 0.013	1.462TyrAsp: 1.462 ± 0.018	1.839TyrGlu: 1.839 ± 0.019	1.413TyrPhe: 1.413 ± 0.019	1.826TyrGly: 1.826 ± 0.022	0.806TyrHis: 0.806 ± 0.011	1.647TyrIle: 1.647 ± 0.018	1.737TyrLys: 1.737 ± 0.018	2.983TyrLeu: 2.983 ± 0.03	0.683TyrMet: 0.683 ± 0.012	1.319TyrAsn: 1.319 ± 0.018	1.39TyrPro: 1.39 ± 0.019	1.35TyrGln: 1.35 ± 0.017	1.74TyrArg: 1.74 ± 0.016	2.411TyrSer: 2.411 ± 0.024	1.643TyrThr: 1.643 ± 0.018	1.773TyrVal: 1.773 ± 0.02	0.408TyrTrp: 0.408 ± 0.011	1.114TyrTyr: 1.114 ± 0.018	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.0XaaAla: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGlu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGly: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaIle: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLeu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPro: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGln: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaArg: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaSer: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaVal: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTyr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0

Statistics based on 13704 proteins (6135799 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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