Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Plasmodium falciparum (isolate HB3)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	0.883AlaAla: 0.883 ± 0.029	0.482AlaCys: 0.482 ± 0.015	1.104AlaAsp: 1.104 ± 0.026	1.195AlaGlu: 1.195 ± 0.028	0.945AlaPhe: 0.945 ± 0.017	0.726AlaGly: 0.726 ± 0.023	0.594AlaHis: 0.594 ± 0.021	1.597AlaIle: 1.597 ± 0.027	1.786AlaLys: 1.786 ± 0.031	1.902AlaLeu: 1.902 ± 0.031	0.365AlaMet: 0.365 ± 0.011	1.579AlaAsn: 1.579 ± 0.028	0.601AlaPro: 0.601 ± 0.024	0.713AlaGln: 0.713 ± 0.015	0.592AlaArg: 0.592 ± 0.016	1.524AlaSer: 1.524 ± 0.028	0.971AlaThr: 0.971 ± 0.023	0.869AlaVal: 0.869 ± 0.022	0.132AlaTrp: 0.132 ± 0.007	1.093AlaTyr: 1.093 ± 0.018	0.0AlaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Cys	0.527CysAla: 0.527 ± 0.016	0.318CysCys: 0.318 ± 0.011	1.3CysAsp: 1.3 ± 0.024	1.148CysGlu: 1.148 ± 0.023	0.823CysPhe: 0.823 ± 0.014	0.708CysGly: 0.708 ± 0.018	0.327CysHis: 0.327 ± 0.01	1.729CysIle: 1.729 ± 0.024	1.626CysLys: 1.626 ± 0.029	1.522CysLeu: 1.522 ± 0.022	0.358CysMet: 0.358 ± 0.011	1.872CysAsn: 1.872 ± 0.028	0.474CysPro: 0.474 ± 0.016	0.348CysGln: 0.348 ± 0.012	0.488CysArg: 0.488 ± 0.014	1.424CysSer: 1.424 ± 0.027	0.932CysThr: 0.932 ± 0.019	0.897CysVal: 0.897 ± 0.017	0.069CysTrp: 0.069 ± 0.005	0.817CysTyr: 0.817 ± 0.016	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	1.237AspAla: 1.237 ± 0.024	0.709AspCys: 0.709 ± 0.019	7.255AspAsp: 7.255 ± 0.124	5.978AspGlu: 5.978 ± 0.064	2.114AspPhe: 2.114 ± 0.025	1.775AspGly: 1.775 ± 0.032	1.528AspHis: 1.528 ± 0.035	7.421AspIle: 7.421 ± 0.063	6.82AspLys: 6.82 ± 0.066	3.804AspLeu: 3.804 ± 0.042	1.721AspMet: 1.721 ± 0.028	9.171AspAsn: 9.171 ± 0.107	1.028AspPro: 1.028 ± 0.026	1.442AspGln: 1.442 ± 0.027	1.26AspArg: 1.26 ± 0.028	3.202AspSer: 3.202 ± 0.034	2.756AspThr: 2.756 ± 0.034	2.888AspVal: 2.888 ± 0.033	0.232AspTrp: 0.232 ± 0.011	2.853AspTyr: 2.853 ± 0.034	0.0AspXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Glu	1.447GluAla: 1.447 ± 0.026	1.103GluCys: 1.103 ± 0.021	4.866GluAsp: 4.866 ± 0.062	8.629GluGlu: 8.629 ± 0.24	2.01GluPhe: 2.01 ± 0.029	2.126GluGly: 2.126 ± 0.05	1.856GluHis: 1.856 ± 0.029	5.443GluIle: 5.443 ± 0.076	10.805GluLys: 10.805 ± 0.1	4.595GluLeu: 4.595 ± 0.057	1.392GluMet: 1.392 ± 0.023	9.029GluAsn: 9.029 ± 0.083	1.02GluPro: 1.02 ± 0.02	2.751GluGln: 2.751 ± 0.047	2.155GluArg: 2.155 ± 0.037	3.37GluSer: 3.37 ± 0.049	2.412GluThr: 2.412 ± 0.031	2.254GluVal: 2.254 ± 0.09	0.506GluTrp: 0.506 ± 0.021	3.716GluTyr: 3.716 ± 0.039	0.0GluXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Phe	0.801PheAla: 0.801 ± 0.016	0.952PheCys: 0.952 ± 0.016	2.452PheAsp: 2.452 ± 0.029	2.31PheGlu: 2.31 ± 0.032	3.365PhePhe: 3.365 ± 0.054	1.152PheGly: 1.152 ± 0.025	1.139PheHis: 1.139 ± 0.017	4.261PheIle: 4.261 ± 0.052	3.64PheLys: 3.64 ± 0.038	5.025PheLeu: 5.025 ± 0.06	0.915PheMet: 0.915 ± 0.017	4.29PheAsn: 4.29 ± 0.048	1.02PhePro: 1.02 ± 0.019	1.112PheGln: 1.112 ± 0.019	0.981PheArg: 0.981 ± 0.017	3.244PheSer: 3.244 ± 0.037	1.573PheThr: 1.573 ± 0.023	1.979PheVal: 1.979 ± 0.024	0.208PheTrp: 0.208 ± 0.008	2.852PheTyr: 2.852 ± 0.038	0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly	0.816GlyAla: 0.816 ± 0.021	0.541GlyCys: 0.541 ± 0.016	2.24GlyAsp: 2.24 ± 0.04	1.926GlyGlu: 1.926 ± 0.038	1.079GlyPhe: 1.079 ± 0.02	1.507GlyGly: 1.507 ± 0.037	0.63GlyHis: 0.63 ± 0.016	2.412GlyIle: 2.412 ± 0.03	3.124GlyLys: 3.124 ± 0.042	1.902GlyLeu: 1.902 ± 0.029	0.593GlyMet: 0.593 ± 0.014	3.151GlyAsn: 3.151 ± 0.048	0.528GlyPro: 0.528 ± 0.018	0.721GlyGln: 0.721 ± 0.021	0.903GlyArg: 0.903 ± 0.02	2.054GlySer: 2.054 ± 0.052	1.5GlyThr: 1.5 ± 0.033	1.326GlyVal: 1.326 ± 0.026	0.171GlyTrp: 0.171 ± 0.006	1.448GlyTyr: 1.448 ± 0.022	0.0GlyXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
His	0.478HisAla: 0.478 ± 0.019	0.309HisCys: 0.309 ± 0.011	1.416HisAsp: 1.416 ± 0.024	1.324HisGlu: 1.324 ± 0.02	1.299HisPhe: 1.299 ± 0.025	0.622HisGly: 0.622 ± 0.016	0.795HisHis: 0.795 ± 0.032	2.909HisIle: 2.909 ± 0.042	2.34HisLys: 2.34 ± 0.031	1.908HisLeu: 1.908 ± 0.021	0.861HisMet: 0.861 ± 0.016	3.468HisAsn: 3.468 ± 0.053	0.556HisPro: 0.556 ± 0.013	0.515HisGln: 0.515 ± 0.013	0.529HisArg: 0.529 ± 0.015	1.421HisSer: 1.421 ± 0.021	1.18HisThr: 1.18 ± 0.019	1.137HisVal: 1.137 ± 0.022	0.098HisTrp: 0.098 ± 0.005	1.059HisTyr: 1.059 ± 0.019	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	1.496IleAla: 1.496 ± 0.027	2.071IleCys: 2.071 ± 0.027	4.809IleAsp: 4.809 ± 0.043	5.183IleGlu: 5.183 ± 0.054	4.68IlePhe: 4.68 ± 0.058	2.169IleGly: 2.169 ± 0.03	2.634IleHis: 2.634 ± 0.034	8.321IleIle: 8.321 ± 0.081	10.613IleLys: 10.613 ± 0.081	8.241IleLeu: 8.241 ± 0.073	1.641IleMet: 1.641 ± 0.021	12.862IleAsn: 12.862 ± 0.118	2.417IlePro: 2.417 ± 0.044	2.985IleGln: 2.985 ± 0.033	2.261IleArg: 2.261 ± 0.028	6.151IleSer: 6.151 ± 0.049	3.469IleThr: 3.469 ± 0.031	2.905IleVal: 2.905 ± 0.057	0.521IleTrp: 0.521 ± 0.016	6.497IleTyr: 6.497 ± 0.071	0.0IleXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Lys	1.838LysAla: 1.838 ± 0.033	2.084LysCys: 2.084 ± 0.037	6.952LysAsp: 6.952 ± 0.057	10.273LysGlu: 10.273 ± 0.094	3.155LysPhe: 3.155 ± 0.033	3.438LysGly: 3.438 ± 0.042	2.401LysHis: 2.401 ± 0.031	9.494LysIle: 9.494 ± 0.065	20.03LysLys: 20.03 ± 0.184	7.388LysLeu: 7.388 ± 0.066	2.6LysMet: 2.6 ± 0.033	17.051LysAsn: 17.051 ± 0.119	1.536LysPro: 1.536 ± 0.03	3.162LysGln: 3.162 ± 0.038	4.238LysArg: 4.238 ± 0.046	6.2LysSer: 6.2 ± 0.052	4.225LysThr: 4.225 ± 0.033	3.35LysVal: 3.35 ± 0.041	0.68LysTrp: 0.68 ± 0.023	7.021LysTyr: 7.021 ± 0.067	0.0LysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Leu	1.556LeuAla: 1.556 ± 0.028	1.784LeuCys: 1.784 ± 0.024	3.644LeuAsp: 3.644 ± 0.034	4.474LeuGlu: 4.474 ± 0.057	4.43LeuPhe: 4.43 ± 0.052	1.971LeuGly: 1.971 ± 0.028	1.864LeuHis: 1.864 ± 0.025	6.201LeuIle: 6.201 ± 0.06	9.075LeuLys: 9.075 ± 0.072	7.456LeuLeu: 7.456 ± 0.072	1.278LeuMet: 1.278 ± 0.019	8.821LeuAsn: 8.821 ± 0.074	1.882LeuPro: 1.882 ± 0.033	2.41LeuGln: 2.41 ± 0.031	2.347LeuArg: 2.347 ± 0.029	5.618LeuSer: 5.618 ± 0.052	2.874LeuThr: 2.874 ± 0.035	2.345LeuVal: 2.345 ± 0.041	0.481LeuTrp: 0.481 ± 0.014	4.953LeuTyr: 4.953 ± 0.051	0.0LeuXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Met	0.384MetAla: 0.384 ± 0.012	0.46MetCys: 0.46 ± 0.013	1.606MetAsp: 1.606 ± 0.024	1.515MetGlu: 1.515 ± 0.025	0.873MetPhe: 0.873 ± 0.017	0.608MetGly: 0.608 ± 0.018	0.434MetHis: 0.434 ± 0.013	1.529MetIle: 1.529 ± 0.024	2.888MetLys: 2.888 ± 0.034	1.648MetLeu: 1.648 ± 0.023	0.484MetMet: 0.484 ± 0.012	3.989MetAsn: 3.989 ± 0.078	0.379MetPro: 0.379 ± 0.011	0.514MetGln: 0.514 ± 0.012	0.55MetArg: 0.55 ± 0.014	1.451MetSer: 1.451 ± 0.023	0.679MetThr: 0.679 ± 0.018	0.682MetVal: 0.682 ± 0.015	0.121MetTrp: 0.121 ± 0.006	1.191MetTyr: 1.191 ± 0.023	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	1.953AsnAla: 1.953 ± 0.028	1.594AsnCys: 1.594 ± 0.025	10.114AsnAsp: 10.114 ± 0.12	9.617AsnGlu: 9.617 ± 0.09	4.787AsnPhe: 4.787 ± 0.047	3.167AsnGly: 3.167 ± 0.052	2.851AsnHis: 2.851 ± 0.051	16.11AsnIle: 16.11 ± 0.138	15.513AsnLys: 15.513 ± 0.123	7.555AsnLeu: 7.555 ± 0.061	4.083AsnMet: 4.083 ± 0.073	32.713AsnAsn: 32.713 ± 0.534	1.741AsnPro: 1.741 ± 0.028	2.878AsnGln: 2.878 ± 0.035	2.466AsnArg: 2.466 ± 0.034	7.668AsnSer: 7.668 ± 0.083	5.556AsnThr: 5.556 ± 0.058	6.295AsnVal: 6.295 ± 0.061	0.339AsnTrp: 0.339 ± 0.01	7.031AsnTyr: 7.031 ± 0.073	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	0.439ProAla: 0.439 ± 0.017	0.43ProCys: 0.43 ± 0.014	0.891ProAsp: 0.891 ± 0.034	1.139ProGlu: 1.139 ± 0.063	1.262ProPhe: 1.262 ± 0.024	0.563ProGly: 0.563 ± 0.018	0.542ProHis: 0.542 ± 0.013	1.693ProIle: 1.693 ± 0.027	1.721ProLys: 1.721 ± 0.031	1.881ProLeu: 1.881 ± 0.027	0.366ProMet: 0.366 ± 0.01	2.055ProAsn: 2.055 ± 0.031	0.835ProPro: 0.835 ± 0.033	0.689ProGln: 0.689 ± 0.019	0.544ProArg: 0.544 ± 0.013	1.633ProSer: 1.633 ± 0.029	1.027ProThr: 1.027 ± 0.024	0.81ProVal: 0.81 ± 0.024	0.137ProTrp: 0.137 ± 0.006	1.329ProTyr: 1.329 ± 0.022	0.0ProXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gln	0.589GlnAla: 0.589 ± 0.016	0.419GlnCys: 0.419 ± 0.014	1.412GlnAsp: 1.412 ± 0.023	2.061GlnGlu: 2.061 ± 0.043	0.965GlnPhe: 0.965 ± 0.017	0.775GlnGly: 0.775 ± 0.016	0.747GlnHis: 0.747 ± 0.019	2.482GlnIle: 2.482 ± 0.034	3.595GlnLys: 3.595 ± 0.039	1.933GlnLeu: 1.933 ± 0.026	0.703GlnMet: 0.703 ± 0.016	4.303GlnAsn: 4.303 ± 0.05	0.548GlnPro: 0.548 ± 0.017	1.168GlnGln: 1.168 ± 0.05	0.828GlnArg: 0.828 ± 0.017	1.483GlnSer: 1.483 ± 0.023	1.286GlnThr: 1.286 ± 0.026	0.942GlnVal: 0.942 ± 0.017	0.174GlnTrp: 0.174 ± 0.008	1.36GlnTyr: 1.36 ± 0.024	0.0GlnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Arg	0.644ArgAla: 0.644 ± 0.017	0.447ArgCys: 0.447 ± 0.013	1.542ArgAsp: 1.542 ± 0.031	1.797ArgGlu: 1.797 ± 0.032	0.967ArgPhe: 0.967 ± 0.019	0.986ArgGly: 0.986 ± 0.023	0.571ArgHis: 0.571 ± 0.013	2.143ArgIle: 2.143 ± 0.026	3.915ArgLys: 3.915 ± 0.048	1.792ArgLeu: 1.792 ± 0.028	0.542ArgMet: 0.542 ± 0.014	3.415ArgAsn: 3.415 ± 0.039	0.442ArgPro: 0.442 ± 0.014	0.712ArgGln: 0.712 ± 0.016	1.449ArgArg: 1.449 ± 0.033	1.612ArgSer: 1.612 ± 0.027	1.14ArgThr: 1.14 ± 0.019	0.887ArgVal: 0.887 ± 0.018	0.207ArgTrp: 0.207 ± 0.01	1.335ArgTyr: 1.335 ± 0.02	0.0ArgXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ser	1.389SerAla: 1.389 ± 0.029	1.243SerCys: 1.243 ± 0.021	4.071SerAsp: 4.071 ± 0.053	3.534SerGlu: 3.534 ± 0.045	3.542SerPhe: 3.542 ± 0.032	2.102SerGly: 2.102 ± 0.05	1.483SerHis: 1.483 ± 0.022	5.455SerIle: 5.455 ± 0.048	5.668SerLys: 5.668 ± 0.044	5.344SerLeu: 5.344 ± 0.051	1.181SerMet: 1.181 ± 0.02	8.154SerAsn: 8.154 ± 0.091	1.416SerPro: 1.416 ± 0.034	1.613SerGln: 1.613 ± 0.025	1.58SerArg: 1.58 ± 0.023	6.493SerSer: 6.493 ± 0.075	3.085SerThr: 3.085 ± 0.034	2.718SerVal: 2.718 ± 0.062	0.281SerTrp: 0.281 ± 0.009	3.787SerTyr: 3.787 ± 0.035	0.0SerXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Thr	0.916ThrAla: 0.916 ± 0.024	1.005ThrCys: 1.005 ± 0.019	2.071ThrAsp: 2.071 ± 0.031	2.162ThrGlu: 2.162 ± 0.07	2.179ThrPhe: 2.179 ± 0.027	1.123ThrGly: 1.123 ± 0.023	1.218ThrHis: 1.218 ± 0.021	3.102ThrIle: 3.102 ± 0.034	4.081ThrLys: 4.081 ± 0.04	3.422ThrLeu: 3.422 ± 0.038	0.698ThrMet: 0.698 ± 0.017	5.723ThrAsn: 5.723 ± 0.062	1.162ThrPro: 1.162 ± 0.026	1.354ThrGln: 1.354 ± 0.022	0.928ThrArg: 0.928 ± 0.015	3.23ThrSer: 3.23 ± 0.036	2.277ThrThr: 2.277 ± 0.04	1.363ThrVal: 1.363 ± 0.026	0.219ThrTrp: 0.219 ± 0.008	2.79ThrTyr: 2.79 ± 0.037	0.0ThrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Val	0.977ValAla: 0.977 ± 0.032	0.827ValCys: 0.827 ± 0.017	2.723ValAsp: 2.723 ± 0.038	2.984ValGlu: 2.984 ± 0.098	1.574ValPhe: 1.574 ± 0.023	1.312ValGly: 1.312 ± 0.026	1.237ValHis: 1.237 ± 0.02	3.043ValIle: 3.043 ± 0.04	3.561ValLys: 3.561 ± 0.04	3.35ValLeu: 3.35 ± 0.035	0.676ValMet: 0.676 ± 0.014	4.079ValAsn: 4.079 ± 0.051	1.171ValPro: 1.171 ± 0.044	1.387ValGln: 1.387 ± 0.023	0.98ValArg: 0.98 ± 0.017	2.605ValSer: 2.605 ± 0.042	1.621ValThr: 1.621 ± 0.039	1.78ValVal: 1.78 ± 0.055	0.233ValTrp: 0.233 ± 0.009	1.953ValTyr: 1.953 ± 0.025	0.0ValXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Trp	0.152TrpAla: 0.152 ± 0.008	0.098TrpCys: 0.098 ± 0.006	0.298TrpAsp: 0.298 ± 0.011	0.322TrpGlu: 0.322 ± 0.013	0.272TrpPhe: 0.272 ± 0.011	0.223TrpGly: 0.223 ± 0.009	0.083TrpHis: 0.083 ± 0.004	0.509TrpIle: 0.509 ± 0.018	0.658TrpLys: 0.658 ± 0.02	0.433TrpLeu: 0.433 ± 0.013	0.107TrpMet: 0.107 ± 0.006	0.546TrpAsn: 0.546 ± 0.015	0.096TrpPro: 0.096 ± 0.005	0.087TrpGln: 0.087 ± 0.004	0.183TrpArg: 0.183 ± 0.007	0.316TrpSer: 0.316 ± 0.011	0.2TrpThr: 0.2 ± 0.008	0.232TrpVal: 0.232 ± 0.01	0.091TrpTrp: 0.091 ± 0.007	0.214TrpTyr: 0.214 ± 0.007	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.13TyrAla: 1.13 ± 0.019	0.832TyrCys: 0.832 ± 0.019	4.429TyrAsp: 4.429 ± 0.045	3.915TyrGlu: 3.915 ± 0.04	2.951TyrPhe: 2.951 ± 0.037	1.521TyrGly: 1.521 ± 0.025	1.291TyrHis: 1.291 ± 0.022	6.068TyrIle: 6.068 ± 0.069	5.655TyrLys: 5.655 ± 0.058	4.364TyrLeu: 4.364 ± 0.045	1.422TyrMet: 1.422 ± 0.02	7.76TyrAsn: 7.76 ± 0.088	1.136TyrPro: 1.136 ± 0.022	1.208TyrGln: 1.208 ± 0.022	1.284TyrArg: 1.284 ± 0.023	3.441TyrSer: 3.441 ± 0.038	2.259TyrThr: 2.259 ± 0.026	2.416TyrVal: 2.416 ± 0.027	0.22TyrTrp: 0.22 ± 0.008	3.409TyrTyr: 3.409 ± 0.048	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.0XaaAla: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGlu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGly: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaIle: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLeu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPro: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGln: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaArg: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaSer: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaVal: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTyr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0

Statistics based on 5452 proteins (3784517 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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