Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Petromyzon marinus (Sea lamprey)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	8.663AlaAla: 8.663 ± 0.091	1.863AlaCys: 1.863 ± 0.031	3.722AlaAsp: 3.722 ± 0.029	5.054AlaGlu: 5.054 ± 0.057	2.908AlaPhe: 2.908 ± 0.03	5.859AlaGly: 5.859 ± 0.057	1.94AlaHis: 1.94 ± 0.031	2.981AlaIle: 2.981 ± 0.032	3.256AlaLys: 3.256 ± 0.039	8.26AlaLeu: 8.26 ± 0.068	1.875AlaMet: 1.875 ± 0.024	2.244AlaAsn: 2.244 ± 0.024	4.046AlaPro: 4.046 ± 0.055	3.238AlaGln: 3.238 ± 0.033	5.122AlaArg: 5.122 ± 0.045	6.16AlaSer: 6.16 ± 0.045	4.363AlaThr: 4.363 ± 0.046	5.994AlaVal: 5.994 ± 0.047	1.018AlaTrp: 1.018 ± 0.018	1.852AlaTyr: 1.852 ± 0.025	0.002AlaXaa: 0.002 ± 0.001
Cys	1.685CysAla: 1.685 ± 0.031	0.728CysCys: 0.728 ± 0.024	1.207CysAsp: 1.207 ± 0.033	1.302CysGlu: 1.302 ± 0.03	0.818CysPhe: 0.818 ± 0.021	1.841CysGly: 1.841 ± 0.035	0.709CysHis: 0.709 ± 0.016	0.893CysIle: 0.893 ± 0.023	1.019CysLys: 1.019 ± 0.02	2.318CysLeu: 2.318 ± 0.031	0.465CysMet: 0.465 ± 0.011	0.842CysAsn: 0.842 ± 0.019	1.371CysPro: 1.371 ± 0.033	1.004CysGln: 1.004 ± 0.024	1.583CysArg: 1.583 ± 0.026	2.016CysSer: 2.016 ± 0.031	1.25CysThr: 1.25 ± 0.026	1.784CysVal: 1.784 ± 0.033	0.323CysTrp: 0.323 ± 0.008	0.601CysTyr: 0.601 ± 0.012	0.001CysXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Asp	3.901AspAla: 3.901 ± 0.041	1.148AspCys: 1.148 ± 0.035	3.182AspAsp: 3.182 ± 0.038	3.662AspGlu: 3.662 ± 0.04	2.066AspPhe: 2.066 ± 0.026	4.245AspGly: 4.245 ± 0.049	1.112AspHis: 1.112 ± 0.018	2.492AspIle: 2.492 ± 0.036	2.413AspLys: 2.413 ± 0.034	4.619AspLeu: 4.619 ± 0.041	1.178AspMet: 1.178 ± 0.02	1.718AspAsn: 1.718 ± 0.024	2.651AspPro: 2.651 ± 0.032	1.482AspGln: 1.482 ± 0.024	2.765AspArg: 2.765 ± 0.035	3.665AspSer: 3.665 ± 0.042	2.47AspThr: 2.47 ± 0.027	3.92AspVal: 3.92 ± 0.045	0.671AspTrp: 0.671 ± 0.013	1.416AspTyr: 1.416 ± 0.024	0.001AspXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Glu	5.24GluAla: 5.24 ± 0.056	1.329GluCys: 1.329 ± 0.033	3.598GluAsp: 3.598 ± 0.036	6.225GluGlu: 6.225 ± 0.069	2.062GluPhe: 2.062 ± 0.024	4.126GluGly: 4.126 ± 0.04	1.588GluHis: 1.588 ± 0.026	2.444GluIle: 2.444 ± 0.03	3.841GluLys: 3.841 ± 0.046	6.45GluLeu: 6.45 ± 0.062	1.69GluMet: 1.69 ± 0.024	2.253GluAsn: 2.253 ± 0.035	2.636GluPro: 2.636 ± 0.038	2.913GluGln: 2.913 ± 0.041	4.906GluArg: 4.906 ± 0.057	3.862GluSer: 3.862 ± 0.039	2.979GluThr: 2.979 ± 0.03	4.272GluVal: 4.272 ± 0.043	0.792GluTrp: 0.792 ± 0.017	1.492GluTyr: 1.492 ± 0.026	0.003GluXaa: 0.003 ± 0.001
Phe	2.401PheAla: 2.401 ± 0.025	0.914PheCys: 0.914 ± 0.016	1.942PheAsp: 1.942 ± 0.025	1.933PheGlu: 1.933 ± 0.024	1.524PhePhe: 1.524 ± 0.022	2.349PheGly: 2.349 ± 0.035	1.053PheHis: 1.053 ± 0.016	1.635PheIle: 1.635 ± 0.026	1.63PheLys: 1.63 ± 0.025	3.771PheLeu: 3.771 ± 0.041	0.804PheMet: 0.804 ± 0.014	1.359PheAsn: 1.359 ± 0.02	1.884PhePro: 1.884 ± 0.028	1.494PheGln: 1.494 ± 0.02	2.085PheArg: 2.085 ± 0.029	3.056PheSer: 3.056 ± 0.028	2.223PheThr: 2.223 ± 0.032	2.63PheVal: 2.63 ± 0.029	0.466PheTrp: 0.466 ± 0.011	1.191PheTyr: 1.191 ± 0.022	0.001PheXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Gly	5.479GlyAla: 5.479 ± 0.053	1.506GlyCys: 1.506 ± 0.029	3.872GlyAsp: 3.872 ± 0.047	4.371GlyGlu: 4.371 ± 0.051	2.544GlyPhe: 2.544 ± 0.031	6.745GlyGly: 6.745 ± 0.082	1.853GlyHis: 1.853 ± 0.026	2.642GlyIle: 2.642 ± 0.028	3.415GlyLys: 3.415 ± 0.04	6.147GlyLeu: 6.147 ± 0.05	1.567GlyMet: 1.567 ± 0.024	2.413GlyAsn: 2.413 ± 0.036	3.782GlyPro: 3.782 ± 0.077	2.726GlyGln: 2.726 ± 0.033	4.538GlyArg: 4.538 ± 0.041	5.746GlySer: 5.746 ± 0.057	3.732GlyThr: 3.732 ± 0.042	4.656GlyVal: 4.656 ± 0.044	0.922GlyTrp: 0.922 ± 0.02	1.828GlyTyr: 1.828 ± 0.025	0.003GlyXaa: 0.003 ± 0.001
His	2.071HisAla: 2.071 ± 0.028	0.762HisCys: 0.762 ± 0.018	1.17HisAsp: 1.17 ± 0.02	1.437HisGlu: 1.437 ± 0.022	1.1HisPhe: 1.1 ± 0.017	1.98HisGly: 1.98 ± 0.025	1.011HisHis: 1.011 ± 0.023	1.151HisIle: 1.151 ± 0.028	1.175HisLys: 1.175 ± 0.017	2.812HisLeu: 2.812 ± 0.033	0.645HisMet: 0.645 ± 0.013	0.973HisAsn: 0.973 ± 0.018	1.532HisPro: 1.532 ± 0.025	1.159HisGln: 1.159 ± 0.018	1.868HisArg: 1.868 ± 0.025	2.106HisSer: 2.106 ± 0.029	1.581HisThr: 1.581 ± 0.027	1.969HisVal: 1.969 ± 0.027	0.366HisTrp: 0.366 ± 0.009	0.845HisTyr: 0.845 ± 0.016	0.001HisXaa: 0.001 ± 0.001
Ile	2.898IleAla: 2.898 ± 0.033	0.93IleCys: 0.93 ± 0.017	1.929IleAsp: 1.929 ± 0.025	2.109IleGlu: 2.109 ± 0.031	1.728IlePhe: 1.728 ± 0.024	2.301IleGly: 2.301 ± 0.027	1.124IleHis: 1.124 ± 0.02	2.052IleIle: 2.052 ± 0.028	2.116IleLys: 2.116 ± 0.032	3.797IleLeu: 3.797 ± 0.042	0.955IleMet: 0.955 ± 0.017	1.646IleAsn: 1.646 ± 0.024	2.164IlePro: 2.164 ± 0.03	1.6IleGln: 1.6 ± 0.022	2.289IleArg: 2.289 ± 0.031	3.076IleSer: 3.076 ± 0.037	2.472IleThr: 2.472 ± 0.044	2.776IleVal: 2.776 ± 0.036	0.466IleTrp: 0.466 ± 0.011	1.285IleTyr: 1.285 ± 0.025	0.0IleXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Lys	3.557LysAla: 3.557 ± 0.037	0.949LysCys: 0.949 ± 0.021	2.494LysAsp: 2.494 ± 0.042	3.724LysGlu: 3.724 ± 0.051	1.55LysPhe: 1.55 ± 0.022	2.966LysGly: 2.966 ± 0.046	1.288LysHis: 1.288 ± 0.021	2.094LysIle: 2.094 ± 0.028	3.442LysLys: 3.442 ± 0.046	4.675LysLeu: 4.675 ± 0.049	1.214LysMet: 1.214 ± 0.023	1.81LysAsn: 1.81 ± 0.023	2.416LysPro: 2.416 ± 0.048	2.207LysGln: 2.207 ± 0.03	3.121LysArg: 3.121 ± 0.035	3.096LysSer: 3.096 ± 0.033	2.473LysThr: 2.473 ± 0.03	3.166LysVal: 3.166 ± 0.045	0.522LysTrp: 0.522 ± 0.011	1.34LysTyr: 1.34 ± 0.026	0.002LysXaa: 0.002 ± 0.001
Leu	8.212LeuAla: 8.212 ± 0.065	2.393LeuCys: 2.393 ± 0.033	4.836LeuAsp: 4.836 ± 0.055	6.423LeuGlu: 6.423 ± 0.063	3.318LeuPhe: 3.318 ± 0.036	6.109LeuGly: 6.109 ± 0.049	3.104LeuHis: 3.104 ± 0.033	3.469LeuIle: 3.469 ± 0.042	4.905LeuLys: 4.905 ± 0.045	10.94LeuLeu: 10.94 ± 0.096	2.009LeuMet: 2.009 ± 0.029	3.333LeuAsn: 3.333 ± 0.033	5.658LeuPro: 5.658 ± 0.049	5.355LeuGln: 5.355 ± 0.06	6.707LeuArg: 6.707 ± 0.063	7.635LeuSer: 7.635 ± 0.056	5.107LeuThr: 5.107 ± 0.042	6.351LeuVal: 6.351 ± 0.055	1.182LeuTrp: 1.182 ± 0.02	2.653LeuTyr: 2.653 ± 0.03	0.003LeuXaa: 0.003 ± 0.001
Met	1.998MetAla: 1.998 ± 0.019	0.483MetCys: 0.483 ± 0.012	1.234MetAsp: 1.234 ± 0.019	1.766MetGlu: 1.766 ± 0.025	0.83MetPhe: 0.83 ± 0.016	1.436MetGly: 1.436 ± 0.022	0.586MetHis: 0.586 ± 0.011	0.743MetIle: 0.743 ± 0.016	1.157MetLys: 1.157 ± 0.02	2.214MetLeu: 2.214 ± 0.026	0.557MetMet: 0.557 ± 0.011	0.778MetAsn: 0.778 ± 0.014	1.114MetPro: 1.114 ± 0.023	1.095MetGln: 1.095 ± 0.017	1.306MetArg: 1.306 ± 0.017	1.639MetSer: 1.639 ± 0.023	1.035MetThr: 1.035 ± 0.016	1.535MetVal: 1.535 ± 0.021	0.268MetTrp: 0.268 ± 0.008	0.575MetTyr: 0.575 ± 0.011	0.001MetXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Asn	2.423AsnAla: 2.423 ± 0.027	0.795AsnCys: 0.795 ± 0.022	1.524AsnAsp: 1.524 ± 0.024	1.971AsnGlu: 1.971 ± 0.04	1.333AsnPhe: 1.333 ± 0.018	2.514AsnGly: 2.514 ± 0.036	0.853AsnHis: 0.853 ± 0.015	1.83AsnIle: 1.83 ± 0.026	1.835AsnLys: 1.835 ± 0.03	3.311AsnLeu: 3.311 ± 0.034	0.85AsnMet: 0.85 ± 0.016	1.493AsnAsn: 1.493 ± 0.029	1.918AsnPro: 1.918 ± 0.026	1.35AsnGln: 1.35 ± 0.021	1.876AsnArg: 1.876 ± 0.021	2.567AsnSer: 2.567 ± 0.038	1.775AsnThr: 1.775 ± 0.027	2.544AsnVal: 2.544 ± 0.04	0.4AsnTrp: 0.4 ± 0.008	1.032AsnTyr: 1.032 ± 0.017	0.001AsnXaa: 0.001 ± 0.001
Pro	4.655ProAla: 4.655 ± 0.054	1.219ProCys: 1.219 ± 0.028	2.762ProAsp: 2.762 ± 0.04	3.298ProGlu: 3.298 ± 0.038	1.776ProPhe: 1.776 ± 0.032	4.883ProGly: 4.883 ± 0.091	1.564ProHis: 1.564 ± 0.022	1.779ProIle: 1.779 ± 0.03	2.116ProLys: 2.116 ± 0.053	4.864ProLeu: 4.864 ± 0.045	1.032ProMet: 1.032 ± 0.018	1.716ProAsn: 1.716 ± 0.028	5.264ProPro: 5.264 ± 0.08	2.131ProGln: 2.131 ± 0.029	3.303ProArg: 3.303 ± 0.035	4.724ProSer: 4.724 ± 0.057	2.896ProThr: 2.896 ± 0.043	3.57ProVal: 3.57 ± 0.042	0.668ProTrp: 0.668 ± 0.015	1.352ProTyr: 1.352 ± 0.021	0.002ProXaa: 0.002 ± 0.001
Gln	3.497GlnAla: 3.497 ± 0.04	0.929GlnCys: 0.929 ± 0.023	1.943GlnAsp: 1.943 ± 0.025	3.111GlnGlu: 3.111 ± 0.046	1.252GlnPhe: 1.252 ± 0.016	2.745GlnGly: 2.745 ± 0.034	1.421GlnHis: 1.421 ± 0.021	1.629GlnIle: 1.629 ± 0.021	2.143GlnLys: 2.143 ± 0.027	4.704GlnLeu: 4.704 ± 0.049	0.992GlnMet: 0.992 ± 0.016	1.42GlnAsn: 1.42 ± 0.024	2.369GlnPro: 2.369 ± 0.037	3.279GlnGln: 3.279 ± 0.061	3.1GlnArg: 3.1 ± 0.034	2.625GlnSer: 2.625 ± 0.026	2.04GlnThr: 2.04 ± 0.024	2.72GlnVal: 2.72 ± 0.035	0.555GlnTrp: 0.555 ± 0.015	1.071GlnTyr: 1.071 ± 0.026	0.001GlnXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Arg	5.149ArgAla: 5.149 ± 0.046	1.655ArgCys: 1.655 ± 0.038	3.481ArgAsp: 3.481 ± 0.039	4.31ArgGlu: 4.31 ± 0.046	2.247ArgPhe: 2.247 ± 0.024	4.298ArgGly: 4.298 ± 0.049	1.936ArgHis: 1.936 ± 0.03	2.354ArgIle: 2.354 ± 0.026	3.234ArgLys: 3.234 ± 0.035	6.65ArgLeu: 6.65 ± 0.056	1.353ArgMet: 1.353 ± 0.019	2.02ArgAsn: 2.02 ± 0.028	3.387ArgPro: 3.387 ± 0.039	2.791ArgGln: 2.791 ± 0.034	5.365ArgArg: 5.365 ± 0.064	4.661ArgSer: 4.661 ± 0.045	3.043ArgThr: 3.043 ± 0.029	4.302ArgVal: 4.302 ± 0.043	0.892ArgTrp: 0.892 ± 0.019	1.694ArgTyr: 1.694 ± 0.02	0.002ArgXaa: 0.002 ± 0.001
Ser	5.888SerAla: 5.888 ± 0.049	1.838SerCys: 1.838 ± 0.029	3.824SerAsp: 3.824 ± 0.048	4.276SerGlu: 4.276 ± 0.036	2.745SerPhe: 2.745 ± 0.028	5.634SerGly: 5.634 ± 0.049	2.047SerHis: 2.047 ± 0.036	2.869SerIle: 2.869 ± 0.031	3.139SerLys: 3.139 ± 0.034	7.787SerLeu: 7.787 ± 0.054	1.551SerMet: 1.551 ± 0.02	2.377SerAsn: 2.377 ± 0.029	4.851SerPro: 4.851 ± 0.057	3.043SerGln: 3.043 ± 0.035	4.735SerArg: 4.735 ± 0.045	7.413SerSer: 7.413 ± 0.072	4.126SerThr: 4.126 ± 0.042	5.221SerVal: 5.221 ± 0.044	1.023SerTrp: 1.023 ± 0.021	1.896SerTyr: 1.896 ± 0.024	0.002SerXaa: 0.002 ± 0.001
Thr	4.52ThrAla: 4.52 ± 0.047	1.395ThrCys: 1.395 ± 0.032	2.568ThrAsp: 2.568 ± 0.031	3.096ThrGlu: 3.096 ± 0.034	2.11ThrPhe: 2.11 ± 0.021	3.702ThrGly: 3.702 ± 0.046	1.527ThrHis: 1.527 ± 0.028	2.159ThrIle: 2.159 ± 0.029	2.202ThrLys: 2.202 ± 0.039	5.335ThrLeu: 5.335 ± 0.043	1.168ThrMet: 1.168 ± 0.019	1.727ThrAsn: 1.727 ± 0.025	3.192ThrPro: 3.192 ± 0.045	2.107ThrGln: 2.107 ± 0.025	2.994ThrArg: 2.994 ± 0.031	4.014ThrSer: 4.014 ± 0.046	2.955ThrThr: 2.955 ± 0.05	3.993ThrVal: 3.993 ± 0.049	0.74ThrTrp: 0.74 ± 0.02	1.366ThrTyr: 1.366 ± 0.021	0.002ThrXaa: 0.002 ± 0.001
Val	5.614ValAla: 5.614 ± 0.046	1.961ValCys: 1.961 ± 0.034	3.398ValAsp: 3.398 ± 0.033	4.291ValGlu: 4.291 ± 0.05	2.771ValPhe: 2.771 ± 0.032	4.172ValGly: 4.172 ± 0.039	1.893ValHis: 1.893 ± 0.021	2.729ValIle: 2.729 ± 0.037	3.057ValLys: 3.057 ± 0.04	6.954ValLeu: 6.954 ± 0.055	1.505ValMet: 1.505 ± 0.018	2.415ValAsn: 2.415 ± 0.041	3.609ValPro: 3.609 ± 0.036	2.935ValGln: 2.935 ± 0.039	4.412ValArg: 4.412 ± 0.036	5.247ValSer: 5.247 ± 0.049	4.14ValThr: 4.14 ± 0.058	5.153ValVal: 5.153 ± 0.053	0.943ValTrp: 0.943 ± 0.015	1.942ValTyr: 1.942 ± 0.032	0.002ValXaa: 0.002 ± 0.001
Trp	0.851TrpAla: 0.851 ± 0.015	0.297TrpCys: 0.297 ± 0.011	0.757TrpAsp: 0.757 ± 0.019	0.8TrpGlu: 0.8 ± 0.014	0.491TrpPhe: 0.491 ± 0.012	0.791TrpGly: 0.791 ± 0.018	0.345TrpHis: 0.345 ± 0.01	0.517TrpIle: 0.517 ± 0.013	0.661TrpLys: 0.661 ± 0.016	1.446TrpLeu: 1.446 ± 0.022	0.316TrpMet: 0.316 ± 0.011	0.505TrpAsn: 0.505 ± 0.012	0.548TrpPro: 0.548 ± 0.009	0.566TrpGln: 0.566 ± 0.014	0.913TrpArg: 0.913 ± 0.016	0.965TrpSer: 0.965 ± 0.023	0.647TrpThr: 0.647 ± 0.013	0.831TrpVal: 0.831 ± 0.016	0.221TrpTrp: 0.221 ± 0.008	0.33TrpTyr: 0.33 ± 0.014	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.716TyrAla: 1.716 ± 0.023	0.663TyrCys: 0.663 ± 0.017	1.332TyrAsp: 1.332 ± 0.024	1.54TyrGlu: 1.54 ± 0.021	1.17TyrPhe: 1.17 ± 0.019	1.79TyrGly: 1.79 ± 0.025	0.763TyrHis: 0.763 ± 0.016	1.251TyrIle: 1.251 ± 0.024	1.347TyrLys: 1.347 ± 0.029	2.646TyrLeu: 2.646 ± 0.029	0.622TyrMet: 0.622 ± 0.012	1.152TyrAsn: 1.152 ± 0.026	1.179TyrPro: 1.179 ± 0.024	1.066TyrGln: 1.066 ± 0.019	1.836TyrArg: 1.836 ± 0.031	2.006TyrSer: 2.006 ± 0.028	1.564TyrThr: 1.564 ± 0.026	1.758TyrVal: 1.758 ± 0.026	0.359TyrTrp: 0.359 ± 0.011	0.898TyrTyr: 0.898 ± 0.018	0.001TyrXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.002XaaAla: 0.002 ± 0.001	0.001XaaCys: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.002XaaAsp: 0.002 ± 0.001	0.003XaaGlu: 0.003 ± 0.001	0.001XaaPhe: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.002XaaGly: 0.002 ± 0.001	0.001XaaHis: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaIle: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.002XaaLeu: 0.002 ± 0.001	0.001XaaMet: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaAsn: 0.001 ± 0.001	0.004XaaPro: 0.004 ± 0.001	0.002XaaGln: 0.002 ± 0.001	0.002XaaArg: 0.002 ± 0.001	0.003XaaSer: 0.003 ± 0.001	0.003XaaThr: 0.003 ± 0.001	0.001XaaVal: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaTrp: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaTyr: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaXaa: 0.001 ± 0.001

Statistics based on 11407 proteins (4607059 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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