Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Drosophila simulans (Fruit fly)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	8.469AlaAla: 8.469 ± 0.084	1.183AlaCys: 1.183 ± 0.019	3.389AlaAsp: 3.389 ± 0.026	4.48AlaGlu: 4.48 ± 0.035	2.307AlaPhe: 2.307 ± 0.019	4.835AlaGly: 4.835 ± 0.038	1.712AlaHis: 1.712 ± 0.018	3.499AlaIle: 3.499 ± 0.026	4.088AlaLys: 4.088 ± 0.032	6.354AlaLeu: 6.354 ± 0.042	1.761AlaMet: 1.761 ± 0.017	3.198AlaAsn: 3.198 ± 0.025	4.127AlaPro: 4.127 ± 0.044	3.273AlaGln: 3.273 ± 0.024	3.359AlaArg: 3.359 ± 0.028	6.044AlaSer: 6.044 ± 0.047	4.753AlaThr: 4.753 ± 0.036	4.502AlaVal: 4.502 ± 0.028	0.614AlaTrp: 0.614 ± 0.011	1.788AlaTyr: 1.788 ± 0.019	0.004AlaXaa: 0.004 ± 0.001
Cys	1.223CysAla: 1.223 ± 0.017	0.533CysCys: 0.533 ± 0.013	1.047CysAsp: 1.047 ± 0.017	1.092CysGlu: 1.092 ± 0.017	0.747CysPhe: 0.747 ± 0.012	1.393CysGly: 1.393 ± 0.022	0.508CysHis: 0.508 ± 0.01	0.96CysIle: 0.96 ± 0.017	0.91CysLys: 0.91 ± 0.014	1.849CysLeu: 1.849 ± 0.022	0.413CysMet: 0.413 ± 0.009	0.846CysAsn: 0.846 ± 0.014	1.049CysPro: 1.049 ± 0.022	0.858CysGln: 0.858 ± 0.016	1.166CysArg: 1.166 ± 0.022	1.652CysSer: 1.652 ± 0.024	0.964CysThr: 0.964 ± 0.014	1.206CysVal: 1.206 ± 0.019	0.22CysTrp: 0.22 ± 0.006	0.564CysTyr: 0.564 ± 0.009	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	3.529AspAla: 3.529 ± 0.03	0.994AspCys: 0.994 ± 0.015	3.55AspAsp: 3.55 ± 0.038	4.128AspGlu: 4.128 ± 0.032	2.207AspPhe: 2.207 ± 0.02	3.055AspGly: 3.055 ± 0.027	1.12AspHis: 1.12 ± 0.013	2.793AspIle: 2.793 ± 0.023	2.591AspLys: 2.591 ± 0.027	4.784AspLeu: 4.784 ± 0.031	1.277AspMet: 1.277 ± 0.014	2.17AspAsn: 2.17 ± 0.023	2.409AspPro: 2.409 ± 0.023	1.984AspGln: 1.984 ± 0.018	2.506AspArg: 2.506 ± 0.026	3.878AspSer: 3.878 ± 0.034	2.404AspThr: 2.404 ± 0.02	3.279AspVal: 3.279 ± 0.024	0.625AspTrp: 0.625 ± 0.01	1.783AspTyr: 1.783 ± 0.021	0.001AspXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Glu	4.379GluAla: 4.379 ± 0.029	1.123GluCys: 1.123 ± 0.019	3.933GluAsp: 3.933 ± 0.031	5.706GluGlu: 5.706 ± 0.073	2.183GluPhe: 2.183 ± 0.019	2.782GluGly: 2.782 ± 0.025	1.608GluHis: 1.608 ± 0.017	3.172GluIle: 3.172 ± 0.032	3.938GluLys: 3.938 ± 0.041	6.12GluLeu: 6.12 ± 0.047	1.581GluMet: 1.581 ± 0.016	2.847GluAsn: 2.847 ± 0.027	2.804GluPro: 2.804 ± 0.025	3.415GluGln: 3.415 ± 0.036	3.881GluArg: 3.881 ± 0.037	4.318GluSer: 4.318 ± 0.034	3.147GluThr: 3.147 ± 0.029	3.572GluVal: 3.572 ± 0.037	0.589GluTrp: 0.589 ± 0.01	1.727GluTyr: 1.727 ± 0.017	0.002GluXaa: 0.002 ± 0.001
Phe	2.422PheAla: 2.422 ± 0.022	0.772PheCys: 0.772 ± 0.013	2.044PheAsp: 2.044 ± 0.02	2.197PheGlu: 2.197 ± 0.022	1.535PhePhe: 1.535 ± 0.02	2.509PheGly: 2.509 ± 0.027	0.916PheHis: 0.916 ± 0.013	1.884PheIle: 1.884 ± 0.016	1.901PheLys: 1.901 ± 0.018	3.494PheLeu: 3.494 ± 0.032	0.925PheMet: 0.925 ± 0.014	1.719PheAsn: 1.719 ± 0.019	1.517PhePro: 1.517 ± 0.015	1.522PheGln: 1.522 ± 0.019	1.97PheArg: 1.97 ± 0.019	2.648PheSer: 2.648 ± 0.02	1.842PheThr: 1.842 ± 0.022	2.503PheVal: 2.503 ± 0.027	0.467PheTrp: 0.467 ± 0.009	1.334PheTyr: 1.334 ± 0.016	0.001PheXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Gly	4.451GlyAla: 4.451 ± 0.039	1.104GlyCys: 1.104 ± 0.016	2.988GlyAsp: 2.988 ± 0.023	3.115GlyGlu: 3.115 ± 0.027	2.266GlyPhe: 2.266 ± 0.026	6.355GlyGly: 6.355 ± 0.093	1.681GlyHis: 1.681 ± 0.021	3.001GlyIle: 3.001 ± 0.028	3.127GlyLys: 3.127 ± 0.025	4.841GlyLeu: 4.841 ± 0.029	1.363GlyMet: 1.363 ± 0.017	2.994GlyAsn: 2.994 ± 0.03	2.468GlyPro: 2.468 ± 0.032	2.587GlyGln: 2.587 ± 0.029	3.084GlyArg: 3.084 ± 0.024	5.779GlySer: 5.779 ± 0.047	3.139GlyThr: 3.139 ± 0.029	3.632GlyVal: 3.632 ± 0.028	0.659GlyTrp: 0.659 ± 0.013	2.073GlyTyr: 2.073 ± 0.024	0.005GlyXaa: 0.005 ± 0.001
His	1.532HisAla: 1.532 ± 0.017	0.604HisCys: 0.604 ± 0.011	1.081HisAsp: 1.081 ± 0.014	1.329HisGlu: 1.329 ± 0.015	1.058HisPhe: 1.058 ± 0.014	1.558HisGly: 1.558 ± 0.019	1.44HisHis: 1.44 ± 0.03	1.337HisIle: 1.337 ± 0.017	1.309HisLys: 1.309 ± 0.017	2.654HisLeu: 2.654 ± 0.026	0.723HisMet: 0.723 ± 0.011	1.149HisAsn: 1.149 ± 0.016	1.517HisPro: 1.517 ± 0.021	1.621HisGln: 1.621 ± 0.023	1.507HisArg: 1.507 ± 0.017	2.118HisSer: 2.118 ± 0.021	1.306HisThr: 1.306 ± 0.015	1.439HisVal: 1.439 ± 0.015	0.315HisTrp: 0.315 ± 0.008	0.869HisTyr: 0.869 ± 0.013	0.001HisXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Ile	3.378IleAla: 3.378 ± 0.022	1.205IleCys: 1.205 ± 0.018	2.573IleAsp: 2.573 ± 0.022	2.973IleGlu: 2.973 ± 0.029	2.155IlePhe: 2.155 ± 0.025	2.698IleGly: 2.698 ± 0.026	1.125IleHis: 1.125 ± 0.013	2.614IleIle: 2.614 ± 0.022	2.768IleLys: 2.768 ± 0.024	4.517IleLeu: 4.517 ± 0.03	1.151IleMet: 1.151 ± 0.014	2.338IleAsn: 2.338 ± 0.019	2.407IlePro: 2.407 ± 0.023	1.983IleGln: 1.983 ± 0.02	2.632IleArg: 2.632 ± 0.023	4.04IleSer: 4.04 ± 0.028	2.733IleThr: 2.733 ± 0.023	3.165IleVal: 3.165 ± 0.024	0.584IleTrp: 0.584 ± 0.011	1.742IleTyr: 1.742 ± 0.017	0.002IleXaa: 0.002 ± 0.001
Lys	3.512LysAla: 3.512 ± 0.032	1.125LysCys: 1.125 ± 0.018	2.895LysAsp: 2.895 ± 0.027	3.816LysGlu: 3.816 ± 0.034	1.884LysPhe: 1.884 ± 0.017	2.404LysGly: 2.404 ± 0.026	1.357LysHis: 1.357 ± 0.016	2.775LysIle: 2.775 ± 0.024	4.054LysLys: 4.054 ± 0.053	5.24LysLeu: 5.24 ± 0.038	1.461LysMet: 1.461 ± 0.018	2.363LysAsn: 2.363 ± 0.023	3.054LysPro: 3.054 ± 0.043	2.641LysGln: 2.641 ± 0.023	3.685LysArg: 3.685 ± 0.029	4.186LysSer: 4.186 ± 0.04	2.984LysThr: 2.984 ± 0.028	3.098LysVal: 3.098 ± 0.027	0.622LysTrp: 0.622 ± 0.011	1.758LysTyr: 1.758 ± 0.018	0.002LysXaa: 0.002 ± 0.001
Leu	6.875LeuAla: 6.875 ± 0.043	1.725LeuCys: 1.725 ± 0.019	4.825LeuAsp: 4.825 ± 0.034	5.929LeuGlu: 5.929 ± 0.048	3.144LeuPhe: 3.144 ± 0.025	5.115LeuGly: 5.115 ± 0.038	2.499LeuHis: 2.499 ± 0.026	4.368LeuIle: 4.368 ± 0.032	5.395LeuLys: 5.395 ± 0.038	9.342LeuLeu: 9.342 ± 0.071	2.197LeuMet: 2.197 ± 0.022	4.206LeuAsn: 4.206 ± 0.031	5.16LeuPro: 5.16 ± 0.03	5.038LeuGln: 5.038 ± 0.041	5.59LeuArg: 5.59 ± 0.032	6.866LeuSer: 6.866 ± 0.041	4.745LeuThr: 4.745 ± 0.032	5.375LeuVal: 5.375 ± 0.036	0.923LeuTrp: 0.923 ± 0.015	2.519LeuTyr: 2.519 ± 0.025	0.004LeuXaa: 0.004 ± 0.001
Met	1.959MetAla: 1.959 ± 0.02	0.446MetCys: 0.446 ± 0.007	1.406MetAsp: 1.406 ± 0.015	1.679MetGlu: 1.679 ± 0.019	0.843MetPhe: 0.843 ± 0.014	1.479MetGly: 1.479 ± 0.019	0.638MetHis: 0.638 ± 0.011	1.002MetIle: 1.002 ± 0.014	1.248MetLys: 1.248 ± 0.014	2.227MetLeu: 2.227 ± 0.019	0.684MetMet: 0.684 ± 0.013	0.972MetAsn: 0.972 ± 0.013	1.371MetPro: 1.371 ± 0.016	1.248MetGln: 1.248 ± 0.016	1.494MetArg: 1.494 ± 0.016	1.897MetSer: 1.897 ± 0.016	1.183MetThr: 1.183 ± 0.015	1.333MetVal: 1.333 ± 0.014	0.262MetTrp: 0.262 ± 0.007	0.64MetTyr: 0.64 ± 0.012	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	3.246AsnAla: 3.246 ± 0.025	0.986AsnCys: 0.986 ± 0.015	2.132AsnAsp: 2.132 ± 0.021	2.718AsnGlu: 2.718 ± 0.022	1.824AsnPhe: 1.824 ± 0.02	3.359AsnGly: 3.359 ± 0.032	1.104AsnHis: 1.104 ± 0.016	2.417AsnIle: 2.417 ± 0.021	2.248AsnLys: 2.248 ± 0.021	4.041AsnLeu: 4.041 ± 0.03	1.18AsnMet: 1.18 ± 0.016	2.759AsnAsn: 2.759 ± 0.037	2.373AsnPro: 2.373 ± 0.027	1.945AsnGln: 1.945 ± 0.02	2.35AsnArg: 2.35 ± 0.022	3.929AsnSer: 3.929 ± 0.036	2.292AsnThr: 2.292 ± 0.02	2.789AsnVal: 2.789 ± 0.022	0.547AsnTrp: 0.547 ± 0.011	1.564AsnTyr: 1.564 ± 0.016	0.001AsnXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Pro	4.385ProAla: 4.385 ± 0.045	0.768ProCys: 0.768 ± 0.02	2.432ProAsp: 2.432 ± 0.024	3.41ProGlu: 3.41 ± 0.034	1.672ProPhe: 1.672 ± 0.018	3.087ProGly: 3.087 ± 0.04	1.454ProHis: 1.454 ± 0.019	2.43ProIle: 2.43 ± 0.021	3.036ProLys: 3.036 ± 0.034	4.5ProLeu: 4.5 ± 0.03	1.159ProMet: 1.159 ± 0.015	2.395ProAsn: 2.395 ± 0.023	4.936ProPro: 4.936 ± 0.071	2.749ProGln: 2.749 ± 0.028	2.605ProArg: 2.605 ± 0.023	4.449ProSer: 4.449 ± 0.034	3.454ProThr: 3.454 ± 0.04	3.31ProVal: 3.31 ± 0.035	0.504ProTrp: 0.504 ± 0.011	1.428ProTyr: 1.428 ± 0.019	0.004ProXaa: 0.004 ± 0.001
Gln	3.276GlnAla: 3.276 ± 0.031	0.833GlnCys: 0.833 ± 0.018	2.026GlnAsp: 2.026 ± 0.022	2.968GlnGlu: 2.968 ± 0.03	1.586GlnPhe: 1.586 ± 0.017	2.027GlnGly: 2.027 ± 0.023	1.786GlnHis: 1.786 ± 0.027	2.155GlnIle: 2.155 ± 0.02	2.633GlnLys: 2.633 ± 0.026	5.257GlnLeu: 5.257 ± 0.039	1.298GlnMet: 1.298 ± 0.016	2.068GlnAsn: 2.068 ± 0.022	2.781GlnPro: 2.781 ± 0.032	6.561GlnGln: 6.561 ± 0.13	3.322GlnArg: 3.322 ± 0.029	3.385GlnSer: 3.385 ± 0.032	2.391GlnThr: 2.391 ± 0.024	2.556GlnVal: 2.556 ± 0.022	0.464GlnTrp: 0.464 ± 0.009	1.266GlnTyr: 1.266 ± 0.017	0.001GlnXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Arg	3.225ArgAla: 3.225 ± 0.025	1.121ArgCys: 1.121 ± 0.018	2.804ArgAsp: 2.804 ± 0.027	3.476ArgGlu: 3.476 ± 0.035	2.079ArgPhe: 2.079 ± 0.019	2.844ArgGly: 2.844 ± 0.027	1.637ArgHis: 1.637 ± 0.018	2.895ArgIle: 2.895 ± 0.024	3.552ArgLys: 3.552 ± 0.031	5.279ArgLeu: 5.279 ± 0.036	1.35ArgMet: 1.35 ± 0.016	2.807ArgAsn: 2.807 ± 0.023	2.715ArgPro: 2.715 ± 0.024	2.964ArgGln: 2.964 ± 0.027	4.665ArgArg: 4.665 ± 0.04	4.603ArgSer: 4.603 ± 0.042	2.836ArgThr: 2.836 ± 0.025	2.888ArgVal: 2.888 ± 0.026	0.601ArgTrp: 0.601 ± 0.011	1.713ArgTyr: 1.713 ± 0.018	0.003ArgXaa: 0.003 ± 0.001
Ser	6.082SerAla: 6.082 ± 0.049	1.533SerCys: 1.533 ± 0.022	3.9SerAsp: 3.9 ± 0.03	4.419SerGlu: 4.419 ± 0.035	2.737SerPhe: 2.737 ± 0.023	5.884SerGly: 5.884 ± 0.052	1.966SerHis: 1.966 ± 0.022	3.664SerIle: 3.664 ± 0.025	4.071SerLys: 4.071 ± 0.033	6.94SerLeu: 6.94 ± 0.04	1.814SerMet: 1.814 ± 0.019	3.995SerAsn: 3.995 ± 0.033	4.583SerPro: 4.583 ± 0.044	3.477SerGln: 3.477 ± 0.037	4.095SerArg: 4.095 ± 0.045	9.851SerSer: 9.851 ± 0.105	5.147SerThr: 5.147 ± 0.049	4.566SerVal: 4.566 ± 0.027	0.809SerTrp: 0.809 ± 0.011	2.265SerTyr: 2.265 ± 0.022	0.003SerXaa: 0.003 ± 0.001
Thr	4.448ThrAla: 4.448 ± 0.031	1.032ThrCys: 1.032 ± 0.018	2.606ThrAsp: 2.606 ± 0.023	3.214ThrGlu: 3.214 ± 0.033	1.897ThrPhe: 1.897 ± 0.02	3.296ThrGly: 3.296 ± 0.027	1.316ThrHis: 1.316 ± 0.014	2.78ThrIle: 2.78 ± 0.022	2.803ThrLys: 2.803 ± 0.027	4.9ThrLeu: 4.9 ± 0.033	1.221ThrMet: 1.221 ± 0.013	2.446ThrAsn: 2.446 ± 0.025	3.753ThrPro: 3.753 ± 0.038	2.245ThrGln: 2.245 ± 0.02	2.558ThrArg: 2.558 ± 0.024	4.842ThrSer: 4.842 ± 0.039	4.57ThrThr: 4.57 ± 0.073	3.275ThrVal: 3.275 ± 0.029	0.535ThrTrp: 0.535 ± 0.01	1.559ThrTyr: 1.559 ± 0.019	0.003ThrXaa: 0.003 ± 0.001
Val	4.758ValAla: 4.758 ± 0.034	1.243ValCys: 1.243 ± 0.018	3.213ValAsp: 3.213 ± 0.025	3.814ValGlu: 3.814 ± 0.037	2.237ValPhe: 2.237 ± 0.021	3.508ValGly: 3.508 ± 0.028	1.478ValHis: 1.478 ± 0.018	2.985ValIle: 2.985 ± 0.023	3.087ValLys: 3.087 ± 0.026	5.581ValLeu: 5.581 ± 0.039	1.357ValMet: 1.357 ± 0.015	2.556ValAsn: 2.556 ± 0.019	3.306ValPro: 3.306 ± 0.026	2.667ValGln: 2.667 ± 0.021	3.143ValArg: 3.143 ± 0.026	4.303ValSer: 4.303 ± 0.029	3.25ValThr: 3.25 ± 0.026	4.154ValVal: 4.154 ± 0.034	0.617ValTrp: 0.617 ± 0.012	1.763ValTyr: 1.763 ± 0.019	0.003ValXaa: 0.003 ± 0.001
Trp	0.59TrpAla: 0.59 ± 0.012	0.205TrpCys: 0.205 ± 0.006	0.526TrpAsp: 0.526 ± 0.013	0.545TrpGlu: 0.545 ± 0.01	0.417TrpPhe: 0.417 ± 0.009	0.552TrpGly: 0.552 ± 0.013	0.311TrpHis: 0.311 ± 0.007	0.583TrpIle: 0.583 ± 0.01	0.608TrpLys: 0.608 ± 0.01	1.159TrpLeu: 1.159 ± 0.016	0.304TrpMet: 0.304 ± 0.008	0.507TrpAsn: 0.507 ± 0.011	0.449TrpPro: 0.449 ± 0.01	0.538TrpGln: 0.538 ± 0.009	0.725TrpArg: 0.725 ± 0.012	0.837TrpSer: 0.837 ± 0.012	0.584TrpThr: 0.584 ± 0.011	0.552TrpVal: 0.552 ± 0.011	0.186TrpTrp: 0.186 ± 0.007	0.328TrpTyr: 0.328 ± 0.007	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.998TyrAla: 1.998 ± 0.018	0.666TyrCys: 0.666 ± 0.011	1.695TyrAsp: 1.695 ± 0.018	1.818TyrGlu: 1.818 ± 0.021	1.341TyrPhe: 1.341 ± 0.018	1.967TyrGly: 1.967 ± 0.025	0.811TyrHis: 0.811 ± 0.012	1.469TyrIle: 1.469 ± 0.015	1.547TyrLys: 1.547 ± 0.018	2.759TyrLeu: 2.759 ± 0.026	0.79TyrMet: 0.79 ± 0.012	1.466TyrAsn: 1.466 ± 0.02	1.384TyrPro: 1.384 ± 0.016	1.323TyrGln: 1.323 ± 0.02	1.719TyrArg: 1.719 ± 0.02	2.172TyrSer: 2.172 ± 0.022	1.568TyrThr: 1.568 ± 0.016	1.83TyrVal: 1.83 ± 0.016	0.362TyrTrp: 0.362 ± 0.008	1.185TyrTyr: 1.185 ± 0.017	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.003XaaAla: 0.003 ± 0.001	0.001XaaCys: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.002XaaAsp: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.003XaaGlu: 0.003 ± 0.001	0.003XaaPhe: 0.003 ± 0.001	0.003XaaGly: 0.003 ± 0.001	0.001XaaHis: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.003XaaIle: 0.003 ± 0.001	0.002XaaLys: 0.002 ± 0.001	0.003XaaLeu: 0.003 ± 0.001	0.001XaaMet: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.003XaaAsn: 0.003 ± 0.001	0.002XaaPro: 0.002 ± 0.001	0.002XaaGln: 0.002 ± 0.001	0.002XaaArg: 0.002 ± 0.001	0.004XaaSer: 0.004 ± 0.001	0.001XaaThr: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaVal: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaTrp: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.001XaaTyr: 0.001 ± 0.0	7.109XaaXaa: 7.109 ± 0.627

Statistics based on 15133 proteins (6249901 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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