Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Gammaproteobacteria bacterium

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	8.987AlaAla: 8.987 ± 0.119	0.904AlaCys: 0.904 ± 0.029	4.905AlaAsp: 4.905 ± 0.061	5.539AlaGlu: 5.539 ± 0.071	3.269AlaPhe: 3.269 ± 0.055	6.402AlaGly: 6.402 ± 0.087	1.758AlaHis: 1.758 ± 0.038	5.985AlaIle: 5.985 ± 0.076	4.962AlaLys: 4.962 ± 0.076	9.2AlaLeu: 9.2 ± 0.107	2.089AlaMet: 2.089 ± 0.042	4.106AlaAsn: 4.106 ± 0.069	3.463AlaPro: 3.463 ± 0.058	3.948AlaGln: 3.948 ± 0.057	4.306AlaArg: 4.306 ± 0.062	5.949AlaSer: 5.949 ± 0.08	5.0AlaThr: 5.0 ± 0.077	5.946AlaVal: 5.946 ± 0.074	1.021AlaTrp: 1.021 ± 0.029	2.583AlaTyr: 2.583 ± 0.047	0.0AlaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Cys	0.827CysAla: 0.827 ± 0.024	0.147CysCys: 0.147 ± 0.009	0.536CysAsp: 0.536 ± 0.026	0.562CysGlu: 0.562 ± 0.025	0.409CysPhe: 0.409 ± 0.018	0.836CysGly: 0.836 ± 0.024	0.252CysHis: 0.252 ± 0.012	0.589CysIle: 0.589 ± 0.025	0.457CysLys: 0.457 ± 0.021	0.938CysLeu: 0.938 ± 0.028	0.175CysMet: 0.175 ± 0.012	0.413CysAsn: 0.413 ± 0.019	0.403CysPro: 0.403 ± 0.021	0.287CysGln: 0.287 ± 0.015	0.476CysArg: 0.476 ± 0.021	0.673CysSer: 0.673 ± 0.029	0.504CysThr: 0.504 ± 0.022	0.654CysVal: 0.654 ± 0.025	0.147CysTrp: 0.147 ± 0.01	0.274CysTyr: 0.274 ± 0.014	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	4.946AspAla: 4.946 ± 0.073	0.456AspCys: 0.456 ± 0.021	2.955AspAsp: 2.955 ± 0.057	3.519AspGlu: 3.519 ± 0.068	2.519AspPhe: 2.519 ± 0.044	3.981AspGly: 3.981 ± 0.065	1.038AspHis: 1.038 ± 0.03	3.793AspIle: 3.793 ± 0.058	2.969AspLys: 2.969 ± 0.056	5.377AspLeu: 5.377 ± 0.075	1.198AspMet: 1.198 ± 0.031	2.201AspAsn: 2.201 ± 0.049	2.252AspPro: 2.252 ± 0.04	1.906AspGln: 1.906 ± 0.042	2.454AspArg: 2.454 ± 0.044	3.378AspSer: 3.378 ± 0.054	2.681AspThr: 2.681 ± 0.055	3.814AspVal: 3.814 ± 0.056	0.85AspTrp: 0.85 ± 0.026	1.981AspTyr: 1.981 ± 0.039	0.0AspXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Glu	5.008GluAla: 5.008 ± 0.083	0.435GluCys: 0.435 ± 0.016	2.54GluAsp: 2.54 ± 0.046	3.178GluGlu: 3.178 ± 0.072	2.549GluPhe: 2.549 ± 0.047	3.266GluGly: 3.266 ± 0.054	1.275GluHis: 1.275 ± 0.037	4.061GluIle: 4.061 ± 0.064	4.073GluLys: 4.073 ± 0.071	6.386GluLeu: 6.386 ± 0.077	1.358GluMet: 1.358 ± 0.034	2.921GluAsn: 2.921 ± 0.048	2.034GluPro: 2.034 ± 0.043	2.854GluGln: 2.854 ± 0.052	3.274GluArg: 3.274 ± 0.056	3.583GluSer: 3.583 ± 0.058	3.047GluThr: 3.047 ± 0.055	3.599GluVal: 3.599 ± 0.062	0.787GluTrp: 0.787 ± 0.027	1.696GluTyr: 1.696 ± 0.038	0.0GluXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Phe	3.7PheAla: 3.7 ± 0.062	0.503PheCys: 0.503 ± 0.02	2.622PheAsp: 2.622 ± 0.047	2.288PheGlu: 2.288 ± 0.039	1.983PhePhe: 1.983 ± 0.046	3.101PheGly: 3.101 ± 0.054	0.829PheHis: 0.829 ± 0.025	2.735PheIle: 2.735 ± 0.041	2.073PheLys: 2.073 ± 0.039	3.837PheLeu: 3.837 ± 0.065	0.924PheMet: 0.924 ± 0.026	2.225PheAsn: 2.225 ± 0.049	1.555PhePro: 1.555 ± 0.035	1.344PheGln: 1.344 ± 0.03	1.686PheArg: 1.686 ± 0.035	3.563PheSer: 3.563 ± 0.056	2.484PheThr: 2.484 ± 0.048	2.874PheVal: 2.874 ± 0.051	0.585PheTrp: 0.585 ± 0.022	1.444PheTyr: 1.444 ± 0.034	0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly	5.746GlyAla: 5.746 ± 0.08	0.815GlyCys: 0.815 ± 0.029	3.776GlyAsp: 3.776 ± 0.068	3.968GlyGlu: 3.968 ± 0.061	3.298GlyPhe: 3.298 ± 0.054	5.19GlyGly: 5.19 ± 0.115	1.456GlyHis: 1.456 ± 0.037	4.609GlyIle: 4.609 ± 0.068	4.123GlyLys: 4.123 ± 0.054	6.751GlyLeu: 6.751 ± 0.071	1.603GlyMet: 1.603 ± 0.037	3.219GlyAsn: 3.219 ± 0.083	1.736GlyPro: 1.736 ± 0.039	2.395GlyGln: 2.395 ± 0.046	3.217GlyArg: 3.217 ± 0.051	4.504GlySer: 4.504 ± 0.077	3.883GlyThr: 3.883 ± 0.083	5.145GlyVal: 5.145 ± 0.074	1.05GlyTrp: 1.05 ± 0.027	2.435GlyTyr: 2.435 ± 0.04	0.0GlyXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
His	1.729HisAla: 1.729 ± 0.034	0.242HisCys: 0.242 ± 0.012	1.079HisAsp: 1.079 ± 0.033	1.186HisGlu: 1.186 ± 0.03	1.006HisPhe: 1.006 ± 0.028	1.43HisGly: 1.43 ± 0.033	0.641HisHis: 0.641 ± 0.024	1.381HisIle: 1.381 ± 0.034	0.993HisLys: 0.993 ± 0.03	2.223HisLeu: 2.223 ± 0.044	0.467HisMet: 0.467 ± 0.02	0.89HisAsn: 0.89 ± 0.026	1.137HisPro: 1.137 ± 0.028	0.937HisGln: 0.937 ± 0.028	1.007HisArg: 1.007 ± 0.029	1.341HisSer: 1.341 ± 0.035	1.032HisThr: 1.032 ± 0.031	1.261HisVal: 1.261 ± 0.031	0.352HisTrp: 0.352 ± 0.018	0.802HisTyr: 0.802 ± 0.025	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	6.433IleAla: 6.433 ± 0.074	0.695IleCys: 0.695 ± 0.026	3.942IleAsp: 3.942 ± 0.053	4.066IleGlu: 4.066 ± 0.061	2.781IlePhe: 2.781 ± 0.055	4.482IleGly: 4.482 ± 0.063	1.301IleHis: 1.301 ± 0.028	3.811IleIle: 3.811 ± 0.055	3.494IleLys: 3.494 ± 0.055	5.44IleLeu: 5.44 ± 0.078	1.187IleMet: 1.187 ± 0.032	3.424IleAsn: 3.424 ± 0.059	2.942IlePro: 2.942 ± 0.049	2.161IleGln: 2.161 ± 0.042	2.844IleArg: 2.844 ± 0.048	4.888IleSer: 4.888 ± 0.072	3.782IleThr: 3.782 ± 0.052	4.13IleVal: 4.13 ± 0.061	0.689IleTrp: 0.689 ± 0.024	1.969IleTyr: 1.969 ± 0.04	0.0IleXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Lys	4.534LysAla: 4.534 ± 0.074	0.327LysCys: 0.327 ± 0.017	2.807LysAsp: 2.807 ± 0.046	2.877LysGlu: 2.877 ± 0.052	1.954LysPhe: 1.954 ± 0.039	3.164LysGly: 3.164 ± 0.05	1.163LysHis: 1.163 ± 0.031	3.911LysIle: 3.911 ± 0.062	3.369LysLys: 3.369 ± 0.059	5.339LysLeu: 5.339 ± 0.074	1.323LysMet: 1.323 ± 0.034	3.086LysAsn: 3.086 ± 0.054	2.57LysPro: 2.57 ± 0.049	2.166LysGln: 2.166 ± 0.042	2.537LysArg: 2.537 ± 0.045	3.723LysSer: 3.723 ± 0.058	3.332LysThr: 3.332 ± 0.052	3.528LysVal: 3.528 ± 0.051	0.54LysTrp: 0.54 ± 0.023	1.523LysTyr: 1.523 ± 0.032	0.0LysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Leu	9.586LeuAla: 9.586 ± 0.106	1.01LeuCys: 1.01 ± 0.03	5.385LeuAsp: 5.385 ± 0.077	5.539LeuGlu: 5.539 ± 0.068	3.981LeuPhe: 3.981 ± 0.07	6.882LeuGly: 6.882 ± 0.082	2.155LeuHis: 2.155 ± 0.043	6.45LeuIle: 6.45 ± 0.09	5.408LeuLys: 5.408 ± 0.073	10.3LeuLeu: 10.3 ± 0.134	2.278LeuMet: 2.278 ± 0.047	4.636LeuAsn: 4.636 ± 0.06	4.747LeuPro: 4.747 ± 0.073	4.065LeuGln: 4.065 ± 0.065	5.198LeuArg: 5.198 ± 0.078	7.251LeuSer: 7.251 ± 0.086	5.81LeuThr: 5.81 ± 0.072	6.676LeuVal: 6.676 ± 0.075	1.181LeuTrp: 1.181 ± 0.029	2.479LeuTyr: 2.479 ± 0.047	0.0LeuXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Met	2.046MetAla: 2.046 ± 0.042	0.164MetCys: 0.164 ± 0.011	1.118MetAsp: 1.118 ± 0.028	1.13MetGlu: 1.13 ± 0.03	0.821MetPhe: 0.821 ± 0.027	1.498MetGly: 1.498 ± 0.038	0.495MetHis: 0.495 ± 0.02	1.212MetIle: 1.212 ± 0.034	1.23MetLys: 1.23 ± 0.029	2.247MetLeu: 2.247 ± 0.043	0.518MetMet: 0.518 ± 0.021	1.032MetAsn: 1.032 ± 0.029	1.08MetPro: 1.08 ± 0.03	0.967MetGln: 0.967 ± 0.028	1.189MetArg: 1.189 ± 0.033	1.675MetSer: 1.675 ± 0.033	1.352MetThr: 1.352 ± 0.034	1.36MetVal: 1.36 ± 0.035	0.194MetTrp: 0.194 ± 0.012	0.475MetTyr: 0.475 ± 0.019	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	4.13AsnAla: 4.13 ± 0.07	0.464AsnCys: 0.464 ± 0.022	2.395AsnAsp: 2.395 ± 0.058	2.576AsnGlu: 2.576 ± 0.044	2.117AsnPhe: 2.117 ± 0.044	3.386AsnGly: 3.386 ± 0.076	0.958AsnHis: 0.958 ± 0.031	3.207AsnIle: 3.207 ± 0.054	2.338AsnLys: 2.338 ± 0.051	4.65AsnLeu: 4.65 ± 0.064	0.905AsnMet: 0.905 ± 0.03	2.498AsnAsn: 2.498 ± 0.052	2.525AsnPro: 2.525 ± 0.045	1.858AsnGln: 1.858 ± 0.035	2.209AsnArg: 2.209 ± 0.045	3.194AsnSer: 3.194 ± 0.061	2.643AsnThr: 2.643 ± 0.055	2.943AsnVal: 2.943 ± 0.054	0.699AsnTrp: 0.699 ± 0.026	1.655AsnTyr: 1.655 ± 0.034	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	3.825ProAla: 3.825 ± 0.072	0.302ProCys: 0.302 ± 0.016	2.586ProAsp: 2.586 ± 0.043	3.063ProGlu: 3.063 ± 0.052	1.732ProPhe: 1.732 ± 0.037	2.684ProGly: 2.684 ± 0.047	0.887ProHis: 0.887 ± 0.027	2.485ProIle: 2.485 ± 0.041	2.018ProLys: 2.018 ± 0.042	4.136ProLeu: 4.136 ± 0.065	0.864ProMet: 0.864 ± 0.028	1.957ProAsn: 1.957 ± 0.04	1.482ProPro: 1.482 ± 0.04	1.685ProGln: 1.685 ± 0.041	1.615ProArg: 1.615 ± 0.042	2.735ProSer: 2.735 ± 0.053	2.358ProThr: 2.358 ± 0.04	3.243ProVal: 3.243 ± 0.055	0.537ProTrp: 0.537 ± 0.02	1.219ProTyr: 1.219 ± 0.029	0.0ProXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gln	3.682GlnAla: 3.682 ± 0.052	0.324GlnCys: 0.324 ± 0.015	1.786GlnAsp: 1.786 ± 0.035	2.103GlnGlu: 2.103 ± 0.043	1.609GlnPhe: 1.609 ± 0.035	2.441GlnGly: 2.441 ± 0.048	1.004GlnHis: 1.004 ± 0.03	2.51GlnIle: 2.51 ± 0.045	2.266GlnLys: 2.266 ± 0.044	4.725GlnLeu: 4.725 ± 0.077	0.905GlnMet: 0.905 ± 0.023	1.666GlnAsn: 1.666 ± 0.037	1.622GlnPro: 1.622 ± 0.037	2.395GlnGln: 2.395 ± 0.052	2.217GlnArg: 2.217 ± 0.046	2.449GlnSer: 2.449 ± 0.043	2.225GlnThr: 2.225 ± 0.043	2.649GlnVal: 2.649 ± 0.052	0.615GlnTrp: 0.615 ± 0.023	1.093GlnTyr: 1.093 ± 0.026	0.0GlnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Arg	3.983ArgAla: 3.983 ± 0.062	0.415ArgCys: 0.415 ± 0.016	2.752ArgAsp: 2.752 ± 0.048	3.153ArgGlu: 3.153 ± 0.053	2.173ArgPhe: 2.173 ± 0.044	2.884ArgGly: 2.884 ± 0.053	1.07ArgHis: 1.07 ± 0.026	3.254ArgIle: 3.254 ± 0.056	2.501ArgLys: 2.501 ± 0.044	5.103ArgLeu: 5.103 ± 0.075	1.196ArgMet: 1.196 ± 0.031	2.226ArgAsn: 2.226 ± 0.04	1.78ArgPro: 1.78 ± 0.036	1.905ArgGln: 1.905 ± 0.044	2.439ArgArg: 2.439 ± 0.051	3.022ArgSer: 3.022 ± 0.056	2.332ArgThr: 2.332 ± 0.045	3.371ArgVal: 3.371 ± 0.05	0.72ArgTrp: 0.72 ± 0.022	1.776ArgTyr: 1.776 ± 0.038	0.0ArgXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ser	6.25SerAla: 6.25 ± 0.09	0.727SerCys: 0.727 ± 0.025	3.597SerAsp: 3.597 ± 0.055	3.795SerGlu: 3.795 ± 0.06	3.007SerPhe: 3.007 ± 0.052	5.341SerGly: 5.341 ± 0.095	1.381SerHis: 1.381 ± 0.032	4.301SerIle: 4.301 ± 0.064	3.201SerLys: 3.201 ± 0.056	7.218SerLeu: 7.218 ± 0.083	1.449SerMet: 1.449 ± 0.033	3.064SerAsn: 3.064 ± 0.056	2.743SerPro: 2.743 ± 0.046	2.624SerGln: 2.624 ± 0.045	3.15SerArg: 3.15 ± 0.052	6.176SerSer: 6.176 ± 0.179	3.784SerThr: 3.784 ± 0.077	5.002SerVal: 5.002 ± 0.068	0.948SerTrp: 0.948 ± 0.029	2.143SerTyr: 2.143 ± 0.05	0.0SerXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Thr	5.154ThrAla: 5.154 ± 0.086	0.485ThrCys: 0.485 ± 0.024	3.006ThrAsp: 3.006 ± 0.055	3.013ThrGlu: 3.013 ± 0.055	2.263ThrPhe: 2.263 ± 0.047	4.277ThrGly: 4.277 ± 0.081	1.267ThrHis: 1.267 ± 0.032	3.388ThrIle: 3.388 ± 0.054	2.559ThrLys: 2.559 ± 0.044	5.909ThrLeu: 5.909 ± 0.064	0.971ThrMet: 0.971 ± 0.025	2.607ThrAsn: 2.607 ± 0.055	2.84ThrPro: 2.84 ± 0.043	2.396ThrGln: 2.396 ± 0.038	2.481ThrArg: 2.481 ± 0.044	3.884ThrSer: 3.884 ± 0.077	3.273ThrThr: 3.273 ± 0.066	3.631ThrVal: 3.631 ± 0.066	0.687ThrTrp: 0.687 ± 0.024	1.83ThrTyr: 1.83 ± 0.051	0.0ThrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Val	6.31ValAla: 6.31 ± 0.076	0.675ValCys: 0.675 ± 0.024	4.093ValAsp: 4.093 ± 0.061	4.038ValGlu: 4.038 ± 0.061	2.741ValPhe: 2.741 ± 0.05	4.631ValGly: 4.631 ± 0.07	1.241ValHis: 1.241 ± 0.03	4.427ValIle: 4.427 ± 0.058	3.613ValLys: 3.613 ± 0.056	6.413ValLeu: 6.413 ± 0.087	1.506ValMet: 1.506 ± 0.033	3.27ValAsn: 3.27 ± 0.054	2.668ValPro: 2.668 ± 0.051	2.26ValGln: 2.26 ± 0.038	3.276ValArg: 3.276 ± 0.056	4.871ValSer: 4.871 ± 0.067	4.025ValThr: 4.025 ± 0.07	5.151ValVal: 5.151 ± 0.08	0.781ValTrp: 0.781 ± 0.033	1.865ValTyr: 1.865 ± 0.044	0.0ValXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Trp	0.92TrpAla: 0.92 ± 0.028	0.126TrpCys: 0.126 ± 0.01	0.672TrpAsp: 0.672 ± 0.025	0.628TrpGlu: 0.628 ± 0.02	0.609TrpPhe: 0.609 ± 0.022	0.892TrpGly: 0.892 ± 0.027	0.323TrpHis: 0.323 ± 0.015	0.753TrpIle: 0.753 ± 0.022	0.616TrpLys: 0.616 ± 0.026	1.577TrpLeu: 1.577 ± 0.039	0.334TrpMet: 0.334 ± 0.012	0.645TrpAsn: 0.645 ± 0.025	0.534TrpPro: 0.534 ± 0.023	0.741TrpGln: 0.741 ± 0.026	0.749TrpArg: 0.749 ± 0.025	0.838TrpSer: 0.838 ± 0.027	0.643TrpThr: 0.643 ± 0.022	0.904TrpVal: 0.904 ± 0.025	0.218TrpTrp: 0.218 ± 0.012	0.371TrpTyr: 0.371 ± 0.016	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	2.526TyrAla: 2.526 ± 0.044	0.344TyrCys: 0.344 ± 0.016	1.718TyrAsp: 1.718 ± 0.052	1.703TyrGlu: 1.703 ± 0.043	1.535TyrPhe: 1.535 ± 0.04	2.15TyrGly: 2.15 ± 0.048	0.643TyrHis: 0.643 ± 0.022	1.601TyrIle: 1.601 ± 0.037	1.509TyrLys: 1.509 ± 0.032	3.248TyrLeu: 3.248 ± 0.044	0.553TyrMet: 0.553 ± 0.02	1.264TyrAsn: 1.264 ± 0.037	1.298TyrPro: 1.298 ± 0.032	1.395TyrGln: 1.395 ± 0.035	1.729TyrArg: 1.729 ± 0.039	2.206TyrSer: 2.206 ± 0.048	1.73TyrThr: 1.73 ± 0.043	1.973TyrVal: 1.973 ± 0.04	0.49TyrTrp: 0.49 ± 0.021	0.97TyrTyr: 0.97 ± 0.03	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.0XaaAla: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGlu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGly: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaIle: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLeu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPro: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGln: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaArg: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaSer: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaVal: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTyr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0

Statistics based on 3997 proteins (1350151 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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