Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	5.659AlaAla: 5.659 ± 0.026	1.159AlaCys: 1.159 ± 0.009	2.896AlaAsp: 2.896 ± 0.014	4.082AlaGlu: 4.082 ± 0.016	2.599AlaPhe: 2.599 ± 0.013	3.709AlaGly: 3.709 ± 0.018	1.165AlaHis: 1.165 ± 0.009	3.532AlaIle: 3.532 ± 0.017	3.903AlaLys: 3.903 ± 0.017	6.088AlaLeu: 6.088 ± 0.023	1.715AlaMet: 1.715 ± 0.011	2.399AlaAsn: 2.399 ± 0.013	2.508AlaPro: 2.508 ± 0.015	1.868AlaGln: 1.868 ± 0.011	3.161AlaArg: 3.161 ± 0.015	5.738AlaSer: 5.738 ± 0.019	3.545AlaThr: 3.545 ± 0.017	4.578AlaVal: 4.578 ± 0.019	0.684AlaTrp: 0.684 ± 0.007	1.729AlaTyr: 1.729 ± 0.011	0.0AlaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Cys	0.911CysAla: 0.911 ± 0.008	0.541CysCys: 0.541 ± 0.007	0.93CysAsp: 0.93 ± 0.008	0.935CysGlu: 0.935 ± 0.008	0.963CysPhe: 0.963 ± 0.007	1.372CysGly: 1.372 ± 0.012	0.447CysHis: 0.447 ± 0.005	1.006CysIle: 1.006 ± 0.008	1.133CysLys: 1.133 ± 0.01	1.945CysLeu: 1.945 ± 0.012	0.411CysMet: 0.411 ± 0.005	0.837CysAsn: 0.837 ± 0.008	0.842CysPro: 0.842 ± 0.008	0.558CysGln: 0.558 ± 0.007	1.048CysArg: 1.048 ± 0.008	1.809CysSer: 1.809 ± 0.011	0.814CysThr: 0.814 ± 0.008	1.174CysVal: 1.174 ± 0.009	0.222CysTrp: 0.222 ± 0.004	0.571CysTyr: 0.571 ± 0.006	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	3.211AspAla: 3.211 ± 0.014	0.955AspCys: 0.955 ± 0.007	3.921AspAsp: 3.921 ± 0.022	4.225AspGlu: 4.225 ± 0.018	2.443AspPhe: 2.443 ± 0.013	3.711AspGly: 3.711 ± 0.017	1.286AspHis: 1.286 ± 0.01	3.045AspIle: 3.045 ± 0.014	2.841AspLys: 2.841 ± 0.012	5.245AspLeu: 5.245 ± 0.02	1.353AspMet: 1.353 ± 0.011	2.103AspAsn: 2.103 ± 0.011	2.561AspPro: 2.561 ± 0.013	1.808AspGln: 1.808 ± 0.01	2.402AspArg: 2.402 ± 0.013	4.529AspSer: 4.529 ± 0.019	2.341AspThr: 2.341 ± 0.013	3.768AspVal: 3.768 ± 0.016	0.7AspTrp: 0.7 ± 0.006	1.609AspTyr: 1.609 ± 0.011	0.0AspXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Glu	4.799GluAla: 4.799 ± 0.019	0.91GluCys: 0.91 ± 0.007	4.241GluAsp: 4.241 ± 0.019	6.983GluGlu: 6.983 ± 0.039	2.449GluPhe: 2.449 ± 0.011	3.467GluGly: 3.467 ± 0.014	1.207GluHis: 1.207 ± 0.009	4.019GluIle: 4.019 ± 0.015	5.294GluLys: 5.294 ± 0.026	5.893GluLeu: 5.893 ± 0.021	1.836GluMet: 1.836 ± 0.01	3.25GluAsn: 3.25 ± 0.016	2.193GluPro: 2.193 ± 0.013	2.113GluGln: 2.113 ± 0.013	3.511GluArg: 3.511 ± 0.019	5.087GluSer: 5.087 ± 0.019	3.736GluThr: 3.736 ± 0.019	4.171GluVal: 4.171 ± 0.016	0.732GluTrp: 0.732 ± 0.007	1.682GluTyr: 1.682 ± 0.011	0.0GluXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Phe	2.445PheAla: 2.445 ± 0.013	0.928PheCys: 0.928 ± 0.008	2.425PheAsp: 2.425 ± 0.013	2.361PheGlu: 2.361 ± 0.013	2.069PhePhe: 2.069 ± 0.014	3.038PheGly: 3.038 ± 0.014	1.085PheHis: 1.085 ± 0.008	2.095PheIle: 2.095 ± 0.011	2.238PheLys: 2.238 ± 0.012	4.4PheLeu: 4.4 ± 0.021	1.011PheMet: 1.011 ± 0.009	1.721PheAsn: 1.721 ± 0.01	2.087PhePro: 2.087 ± 0.014	1.492PheGln: 1.492 ± 0.009	2.117PheArg: 2.117 ± 0.012	4.172PheSer: 4.172 ± 0.018	2.157PheThr: 2.157 ± 0.012	2.9PheVal: 2.9 ± 0.014	0.555PheTrp: 0.555 ± 0.006	1.29PheTyr: 1.29 ± 0.008	0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly	3.442GlyAla: 3.442 ± 0.021	1.245GlyCys: 1.245 ± 0.009	3.46GlyAsp: 3.46 ± 0.015	3.791GlyGlu: 3.791 ± 0.017	3.252GlyPhe: 3.252 ± 0.018	5.442GlyGly: 5.442 ± 0.058	1.412GlyHis: 1.412 ± 0.01	3.507GlyIle: 3.507 ± 0.016	4.18GlyLys: 4.18 ± 0.018	5.675GlyLeu: 5.675 ± 0.019	1.426GlyMet: 1.426 ± 0.01	3.052GlyAsn: 3.052 ± 0.016	2.184GlyPro: 2.184 ± 0.013	1.955GlyGln: 1.955 ± 0.012	3.427GlyArg: 3.427 ± 0.02	5.851GlySer: 5.851 ± 0.023	3.171GlyThr: 3.171 ± 0.014	4.126GlyVal: 4.126 ± 0.023	0.822GlyTrp: 0.822 ± 0.008	2.118GlyTyr: 2.118 ± 0.014	0.0GlyXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
His	1.162HisAla: 1.162 ± 0.008	0.502HisCys: 0.502 ± 0.005	1.131HisAsp: 1.131 ± 0.009	1.306HisGlu: 1.306 ± 0.009	1.003HisPhe: 1.003 ± 0.007	1.612HisGly: 1.612 ± 0.011	0.965HisHis: 0.965 ± 0.012	1.213HisIle: 1.213 ± 0.008	1.214HisLys: 1.214 ± 0.01	2.268HisLeu: 2.268 ± 0.012	0.58HisMet: 0.58 ± 0.006	0.943HisAsn: 0.943 ± 0.007	1.245HisPro: 1.245 ± 0.011	1.021HisGln: 1.021 ± 0.009	1.376HisArg: 1.376 ± 0.01	1.816HisSer: 1.816 ± 0.012	0.938HisThr: 0.938 ± 0.007	1.511HisVal: 1.511 ± 0.01	0.284HisTrp: 0.284 ± 0.004	0.697HisTyr: 0.697 ± 0.007	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	3.422IleAla: 3.422 ± 0.016	1.154IleCys: 1.154 ± 0.009	3.009IleAsp: 3.009 ± 0.011	3.306IleGlu: 3.306 ± 0.015	2.3IlePhe: 2.3 ± 0.013	3.41IleGly: 3.41 ± 0.019	1.294IleHis: 1.294 ± 0.01	2.753IleIle: 2.753 ± 0.014	3.02IleLys: 3.02 ± 0.012	5.175IleLeu: 5.175 ± 0.022	1.144IleMet: 1.144 ± 0.009	2.213IleAsn: 2.213 ± 0.013	2.861IlePro: 2.861 ± 0.014	1.948IleGln: 1.948 ± 0.011	2.703IleArg: 2.703 ± 0.013	5.025IleSer: 5.025 ± 0.02	2.735IleThr: 2.735 ± 0.012	3.563IleVal: 3.563 ± 0.015	0.688IleTrp: 0.688 ± 0.007	1.55IleTyr: 1.55 ± 0.009	0.0IleXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Lys	4.003LysAla: 4.003 ± 0.016	1.002LysCys: 1.002 ± 0.009	3.404LysAsp: 3.404 ± 0.016	4.996LysGlu: 4.996 ± 0.024	2.182LysPhe: 2.182 ± 0.01	3.507LysGly: 3.507 ± 0.015	1.362LysHis: 1.362 ± 0.011	3.477LysIle: 3.477 ± 0.015	5.306LysLys: 5.306 ± 0.028	6.192LysLeu: 6.192 ± 0.022	1.579LysMet: 1.579 ± 0.011	2.785LysAsn: 2.785 ± 0.012	2.941LysPro: 2.941 ± 0.017	2.342LysGln: 2.342 ± 0.011	3.87LysArg: 3.87 ± 0.017	5.048LysSer: 5.048 ± 0.023	3.399LysThr: 3.399 ± 0.016	3.871LysVal: 3.871 ± 0.016	0.818LysTrp: 0.818 ± 0.007	1.588LysTyr: 1.588 ± 0.01	0.0LysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Leu	6.081LeuAla: 6.081 ± 0.022	1.9LeuCys: 1.9 ± 0.012	5.08LeuAsp: 5.08 ± 0.018	6.41LeuGlu: 6.41 ± 0.023	3.91LeuPhe: 3.91 ± 0.017	5.579LeuGly: 5.579 ± 0.019	2.431LeuHis: 2.431 ± 0.013	4.651LeuIle: 4.651 ± 0.02	6.322LeuLys: 6.322 ± 0.021	9.782LeuLeu: 9.782 ± 0.034	2.22LeuMet: 2.22 ± 0.011	3.837LeuAsn: 3.837 ± 0.017	4.921LeuPro: 4.921 ± 0.02	4.022LeuGln: 4.022 ± 0.016	5.421LeuArg: 5.421 ± 0.018	8.652LeuSer: 8.652 ± 0.029	4.586LeuThr: 4.586 ± 0.018	6.485LeuVal: 6.485 ± 0.024	1.129LeuTrp: 1.129 ± 0.009	2.51LeuTyr: 2.51 ± 0.013	0.0LeuXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Met	1.991MetAla: 1.991 ± 0.012	0.342MetCys: 0.342 ± 0.004	1.413MetAsp: 1.413 ± 0.01	2.02MetGlu: 2.02 ± 0.012	0.92MetPhe: 0.92 ± 0.007	1.512MetGly: 1.512 ± 0.009	0.489MetHis: 0.489 ± 0.005	1.338MetIle: 1.338 ± 0.009	1.743MetLys: 1.743 ± 0.01	2.11MetLeu: 2.11 ± 0.012	0.781MetMet: 0.781 ± 0.008	1.092MetAsn: 1.092 ± 0.008	0.92MetPro: 0.92 ± 0.008	0.855MetGln: 0.855 ± 0.008	1.254MetArg: 1.254 ± 0.009	1.906MetSer: 1.906 ± 0.012	1.133MetThr: 1.133 ± 0.008	1.719MetVal: 1.719 ± 0.011	0.256MetTrp: 0.256 ± 0.004	0.625MetTyr: 0.625 ± 0.006	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	2.491AsnAla: 2.491 ± 0.013	0.808AsnCys: 0.808 ± 0.007	2.106AsnAsp: 2.106 ± 0.012	2.55AsnGlu: 2.55 ± 0.015	1.776AsnPhe: 1.776 ± 0.013	3.256AsnGly: 3.256 ± 0.018	1.141AsnHis: 1.141 ± 0.009	2.433AsnIle: 2.433 ± 0.012	2.501AsnLys: 2.501 ± 0.012	4.594AsnLeu: 4.594 ± 0.021	1.091AsnMet: 1.091 ± 0.008	2.435AsnAsn: 2.435 ± 0.017	2.372AsnPro: 2.372 ± 0.013	1.766AsnGln: 1.766 ± 0.012	2.164AsnArg: 2.164 ± 0.012	3.744AsnSer: 3.744 ± 0.017	2.066AsnThr: 2.066 ± 0.01	2.881AsnVal: 2.881 ± 0.014	0.537AsnTrp: 0.537 ± 0.005	1.252AsnTyr: 1.252 ± 0.008	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	2.655ProAla: 2.655 ± 0.016	0.737ProCys: 0.737 ± 0.007	2.392ProAsp: 2.392 ± 0.013	3.3ProGlu: 3.3 ± 0.013	1.932ProPhe: 1.932 ± 0.013	2.606ProGly: 2.606 ± 0.017	1.015ProHis: 1.015 ± 0.007	2.234ProIle: 2.234 ± 0.016	2.827ProLys: 2.827 ± 0.017	4.159ProLeu: 4.159 ± 0.017	0.995ProMet: 0.995 ± 0.01	2.165ProAsn: 2.165 ± 0.012	4.037ProPro: 4.037 ± 0.069	1.748ProGln: 1.748 ± 0.011	2.438ProArg: 2.438 ± 0.014	4.982ProSer: 4.982 ± 0.022	2.491ProThr: 2.491 ± 0.015	3.165ProVal: 3.165 ± 0.017	0.586ProTrp: 0.586 ± 0.006	1.378ProTyr: 1.378 ± 0.017	0.0ProXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gln	2.202GlnAla: 2.202 ± 0.013	0.556GlnCys: 0.556 ± 0.007	1.672GlnAsp: 1.672 ± 0.01	2.49GlnGlu: 2.49 ± 0.014	1.323GlnPhe: 1.323 ± 0.009	2.041GlnGly: 2.041 ± 0.012	0.85GlnHis: 0.85 ± 0.008	1.969GlnIle: 1.969 ± 0.011	2.277GlnLys: 2.277 ± 0.012	3.292GlnLeu: 3.292 ± 0.018	0.94GlnMet: 0.94 ± 0.008	1.733GlnAsn: 1.733 ± 0.011	1.665GlnPro: 1.665 ± 0.012	2.011GlnGln: 2.011 ± 0.026	2.165GlnArg: 2.165 ± 0.011	2.884GlnSer: 2.884 ± 0.014	1.821GlnThr: 1.821 ± 0.01	2.289GlnVal: 2.289 ± 0.013	0.439GlnTrp: 0.439 ± 0.005	0.89GlnTyr: 0.89 ± 0.008	0.0GlnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Arg	3.01ArgAla: 3.01 ± 0.015	1.027ArgCys: 1.027 ± 0.01	2.822ArgAsp: 2.822 ± 0.013	3.531ArgGlu: 3.531 ± 0.016	2.461ArgPhe: 2.461 ± 0.012	3.19ArgGly: 3.19 ± 0.017	1.209ArgHis: 1.209 ± 0.008	2.952ArgIle: 2.952 ± 0.012	3.874ArgLys: 3.874 ± 0.018	5.05ArgLeu: 5.05 ± 0.02	1.277ArgMet: 1.277 ± 0.009	2.537ArgAsn: 2.537 ± 0.011	2.23ArgPro: 2.23 ± 0.012	1.803ArgGln: 1.803 ± 0.012	4.072ArgArg: 4.072 ± 0.022	4.67ArgSer: 4.67 ± 0.026	2.459ArgThr: 2.459 ± 0.011	3.438ArgVal: 3.438 ± 0.013	0.714ArgTrp: 0.714 ± 0.007	1.523ArgTyr: 1.523 ± 0.01	0.0ArgXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ser	4.993SerAla: 4.993 ± 0.019	1.71SerCys: 1.71 ± 0.01	4.716SerAsp: 4.716 ± 0.019	5.118SerGlu: 5.118 ± 0.021	4.153SerPhe: 4.153 ± 0.016	6.022SerGly: 6.022 ± 0.025	2.039SerHis: 2.039 ± 0.012	4.471SerIle: 4.471 ± 0.019	5.174SerLys: 5.174 ± 0.02	9.065SerLeu: 9.065 ± 0.031	2.065SerMet: 2.065 ± 0.011	3.951SerAsn: 3.951 ± 0.018	4.871SerPro: 4.871 ± 0.041	3.08SerGln: 3.08 ± 0.014	4.73SerArg: 4.73 ± 0.023	11.936SerSer: 11.936 ± 0.044	4.621SerThr: 4.621 ± 0.017	5.629SerVal: 5.629 ± 0.02	1.15SerTrp: 1.15 ± 0.009	2.447SerTyr: 2.447 ± 0.012	0.0SerXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Thr	3.251ThrAla: 3.251 ± 0.015	0.969ThrCys: 0.969 ± 0.008	2.41ThrAsp: 2.41 ± 0.013	3.18ThrGlu: 3.18 ± 0.015	2.101ThrPhe: 2.101 ± 0.011	3.413ThrGly: 3.413 ± 0.017	1.018ThrHis: 1.018 ± 0.009	2.775ThrIle: 2.775 ± 0.012	3.059ThrLys: 3.059 ± 0.015	4.758ThrLeu: 4.758 ± 0.019	1.245ThrMet: 1.245 ± 0.009	2.221ThrAsn: 2.221 ± 0.012	2.577ThrPro: 2.577 ± 0.019	1.623ThrGln: 1.623 ± 0.01	2.552ThrArg: 2.552 ± 0.013	4.818ThrSer: 4.818 ± 0.018	3.226ThrThr: 3.226 ± 0.017	3.543ThrVal: 3.543 ± 0.017	0.648ThrTrp: 0.648 ± 0.006	1.416ThrTyr: 1.416 ± 0.011	0.0ThrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Val	4.637ValAla: 4.637 ± 0.023	1.191ValCys: 1.191 ± 0.008	3.797ValAsp: 3.797 ± 0.016	4.552ValGlu: 4.552 ± 0.017	2.889ValPhe: 2.889 ± 0.016	3.872ValGly: 3.872 ± 0.021	1.412ValHis: 1.412 ± 0.01	3.52ValIle: 3.52 ± 0.017	4.219ValLys: 4.219 ± 0.016	6.287ValLeu: 6.287 ± 0.022	1.648ValMet: 1.648 ± 0.009	2.689ValAsn: 2.689 ± 0.011	3.114ValPro: 3.114 ± 0.015	2.129ValGln: 2.129 ± 0.011	3.116ValArg: 3.116 ± 0.015	5.918ValSer: 5.918 ± 0.02	3.585ValThr: 3.585 ± 0.016	5.046ValVal: 5.046 ± 0.022	0.76ValTrp: 0.76 ± 0.007	2.058ValTyr: 2.058 ± 0.015	0.0ValXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Trp	0.671TrpAla: 0.671 ± 0.007	0.236TrpCys: 0.236 ± 0.004	0.685TrpAsp: 0.685 ± 0.006	0.777TrpGlu: 0.777 ± 0.006	0.562TrpPhe: 0.562 ± 0.005	0.684TrpGly: 0.684 ± 0.007	0.258TrpHis: 0.258 ± 0.004	0.741TrpIle: 0.741 ± 0.006	0.905TrpLys: 0.905 ± 0.008	1.187TrpLeu: 1.187 ± 0.009	0.339TrpMet: 0.339 ± 0.004	0.671TrpAsn: 0.671 ± 0.007	0.461TrpPro: 0.461 ± 0.006	0.399TrpGln: 0.399 ± 0.005	0.843TrpArg: 0.843 ± 0.007	0.997TrpSer: 0.997 ± 0.007	0.62TrpThr: 0.62 ± 0.006	0.748TrpVal: 0.748 ± 0.007	0.227TrpTrp: 0.227 ± 0.004	0.336TrpTyr: 0.336 ± 0.005	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.682TyrAla: 1.682 ± 0.011	0.6TyrCys: 0.6 ± 0.006	1.547TyrAsp: 1.547 ± 0.01	1.66TyrGlu: 1.66 ± 0.01	1.299TyrPhe: 1.299 ± 0.009	2.098TyrGly: 2.098 ± 0.014	0.705TyrHis: 0.705 ± 0.006	1.543TyrIle: 1.543 ± 0.011	1.642TyrLys: 1.642 ± 0.014	2.765TyrLeu: 2.765 ± 0.014	0.767TyrMet: 0.767 ± 0.006	1.324TyrAsn: 1.324 ± 0.01	1.252TyrPro: 1.252 ± 0.008	0.966TyrGln: 0.966 ± 0.007	1.48TyrArg: 1.48 ± 0.009	2.357TyrSer: 2.357 ± 0.017	1.353TyrThr: 1.353 ± 0.01	1.836TyrVal: 1.836 ± 0.014	0.395TyrTrp: 0.395 ± 0.005	1.007TyrTyr: 1.007 ± 0.011	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.0XaaAla: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGlu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGly: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaIle: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLeu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPro: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGln: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaArg: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaSer: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaVal: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTyr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0

Statistics based on 41612 proteins (17599415 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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