Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Nelumbo nucifera (Sacred lotus)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	5.944AlaAla: 5.944 ± 0.031	1.319AlaCys: 1.319 ± 0.01	3.034AlaAsp: 3.034 ± 0.013	4.192AlaGlu: 4.192 ± 0.018	2.736AlaPhe: 2.736 ± 0.014	4.048AlaGly: 4.048 ± 0.021	1.309AlaHis: 1.309 ± 0.009	3.769AlaIle: 3.769 ± 0.019	3.738AlaLys: 3.738 ± 0.018	6.648AlaLeu: 6.648 ± 0.027	1.748AlaMet: 1.748 ± 0.011	2.51AlaAsn: 2.51 ± 0.013	2.726AlaPro: 2.726 ± 0.017	2.166AlaGln: 2.166 ± 0.015	3.37AlaArg: 3.37 ± 0.016	6.125AlaSer: 6.125 ± 0.025	3.547AlaThr: 3.547 ± 0.016	4.632AlaVal: 4.632 ± 0.02	0.754AlaTrp: 0.754 ± 0.007	1.785AlaTyr: 1.785 ± 0.012	0.007AlaXaa: 0.007 ± 0.001
Cys	0.989CysAla: 0.989 ± 0.009	0.521CysCys: 0.521 ± 0.007	0.855CysAsp: 0.855 ± 0.01	0.917CysGlu: 0.917 ± 0.008	0.894CysPhe: 0.894 ± 0.009	1.396CysGly: 1.396 ± 0.01	0.49CysHis: 0.49 ± 0.006	1.106CysIle: 1.106 ± 0.009	1.177CysLys: 1.177 ± 0.011	1.907CysLeu: 1.907 ± 0.013	0.458CysMet: 0.458 ± 0.005	0.9CysAsn: 0.9 ± 0.008	0.943CysPro: 0.943 ± 0.009	0.662CysGln: 0.662 ± 0.007	1.119CysArg: 1.119 ± 0.009	1.973CysSer: 1.973 ± 0.012	0.91CysThr: 0.91 ± 0.009	0.999CysVal: 0.999 ± 0.008	0.244CysTrp: 0.244 ± 0.004	0.548CysTyr: 0.548 ± 0.006	0.002CysXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Asp	3.542AspAla: 3.542 ± 0.016	0.972AspCys: 0.972 ± 0.008	3.444AspAsp: 3.444 ± 0.019	3.956AspGlu: 3.956 ± 0.024	2.278AspPhe: 2.278 ± 0.013	3.888AspGly: 3.888 ± 0.017	1.228AspHis: 1.228 ± 0.01	3.069AspIle: 3.069 ± 0.014	2.716AspLys: 2.716 ± 0.015	5.14AspLeu: 5.14 ± 0.022	1.355AspMet: 1.355 ± 0.01	2.058AspAsn: 2.058 ± 0.013	2.62AspPro: 2.62 ± 0.015	1.774AspGln: 1.774 ± 0.013	2.515AspArg: 2.515 ± 0.017	4.242AspSer: 4.242 ± 0.02	2.23AspThr: 2.23 ± 0.015	3.522AspVal: 3.522 ± 0.015	0.731AspTrp: 0.731 ± 0.007	1.496AspTyr: 1.496 ± 0.011	0.006AspXaa: 0.006 ± 0.001
Glu	4.846GluAla: 4.846 ± 0.022	0.938GluCys: 0.938 ± 0.008	4.104GluAsp: 4.104 ± 0.024	6.486GluGlu: 6.486 ± 0.054	2.336GluPhe: 2.336 ± 0.013	3.923GluGly: 3.923 ± 0.02	1.315GluHis: 1.315 ± 0.009	3.834GluIle: 3.834 ± 0.019	4.92GluLys: 4.92 ± 0.034	6.008GluLeu: 6.008 ± 0.025	1.873GluMet: 1.873 ± 0.014	3.245GluAsn: 3.245 ± 0.022	2.218GluPro: 2.218 ± 0.014	2.309GluGln: 2.309 ± 0.015	3.595GluArg: 3.595 ± 0.02	4.693GluSer: 4.693 ± 0.028	3.193GluThr: 3.193 ± 0.024	4.303GluVal: 4.303 ± 0.02	0.721GluTrp: 0.721 ± 0.007	1.583GluTyr: 1.583 ± 0.011	0.008GluXaa: 0.008 ± 0.001
Phe	2.332PheAla: 2.332 ± 0.014	0.92PheCys: 0.92 ± 0.007	2.251PheAsp: 2.251 ± 0.012	2.236PheGlu: 2.236 ± 0.012	1.848PhePhe: 1.848 ± 0.015	2.963PheGly: 2.963 ± 0.019	1.158PheHis: 1.158 ± 0.009	2.089PheIle: 2.089 ± 0.014	1.973PheLys: 1.973 ± 0.012	4.316PheLeu: 4.316 ± 0.021	0.938PheMet: 0.938 ± 0.009	1.682PheAsn: 1.682 ± 0.012	2.089PhePro: 2.089 ± 0.014	1.608PheGln: 1.608 ± 0.01	2.081PheArg: 2.081 ± 0.013	4.161PheSer: 4.161 ± 0.017	1.921PheThr: 1.921 ± 0.012	2.613PheVal: 2.613 ± 0.015	0.545PheTrp: 0.545 ± 0.006	1.234PheTyr: 1.234 ± 0.009	0.005PheXaa: 0.005 ± 0.001
Gly	3.851GlyAla: 3.851 ± 0.018	1.348GlyCys: 1.348 ± 0.011	3.415GlyAsp: 3.415 ± 0.015	3.793GlyGlu: 3.793 ± 0.019	3.152GlyPhe: 3.152 ± 0.016	5.305GlyGly: 5.305 ± 0.045	1.57GlyHis: 1.57 ± 0.013	3.735GlyIle: 3.735 ± 0.017	4.076GlyLys: 4.076 ± 0.019	5.975GlyLeu: 5.975 ± 0.025	1.521GlyMet: 1.521 ± 0.01	3.202GlyAsn: 3.202 ± 0.017	2.47GlyPro: 2.47 ± 0.015	2.121GlyGln: 2.121 ± 0.013	3.762GlyArg: 3.762 ± 0.02	6.282GlySer: 6.282 ± 0.032	3.304GlyThr: 3.304 ± 0.018	4.076GlyVal: 4.076 ± 0.021	0.9GlyTrp: 0.9 ± 0.01	2.068GlyTyr: 2.068 ± 0.016	0.008GlyXaa: 0.008 ± 0.001
His	1.453HisAla: 1.453 ± 0.01	0.527HisCys: 0.527 ± 0.006	1.131HisAsp: 1.131 ± 0.01	1.329HisGlu: 1.329 ± 0.01	1.046HisPhe: 1.046 ± 0.01	1.806HisGly: 1.806 ± 0.013	0.909HisHis: 0.909 ± 0.011	1.236HisIle: 1.236 ± 0.011	1.119HisLys: 1.119 ± 0.008	2.554HisLeu: 2.554 ± 0.014	0.561HisMet: 0.561 ± 0.006	0.949HisAsn: 0.949 ± 0.009	1.42HisPro: 1.42 ± 0.011	1.062HisGln: 1.062 ± 0.009	1.386HisArg: 1.386 ± 0.011	1.992HisSer: 1.992 ± 0.013	0.983HisThr: 0.983 ± 0.009	1.522HisVal: 1.522 ± 0.012	0.302HisTrp: 0.302 ± 0.004	0.692HisTyr: 0.692 ± 0.007	0.002HisXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Ile	3.543IleAla: 3.543 ± 0.019	1.144IleCys: 1.144 ± 0.008	2.862IleAsp: 2.862 ± 0.014	3.369IleGlu: 3.369 ± 0.021	2.299IlePhe: 2.299 ± 0.015	3.399IleGly: 3.399 ± 0.018	1.35IleHis: 1.35 ± 0.009	2.784IleIle: 2.784 ± 0.014	2.884IleLys: 2.884 ± 0.015	5.375IleLeu: 5.375 ± 0.025	1.114IleMet: 1.114 ± 0.008	2.174IleAsn: 2.174 ± 0.012	3.025IlePro: 3.025 ± 0.019	2.096IleGln: 2.096 ± 0.012	2.718IleArg: 2.718 ± 0.014	5.088IleSer: 5.088 ± 0.019	2.587IleThr: 2.587 ± 0.012	3.365IleVal: 3.365 ± 0.017	0.69IleTrp: 0.69 ± 0.008	1.521IleTyr: 1.521 ± 0.012	0.006IleXaa: 0.006 ± 0.001
Lys	3.951LysAla: 3.951 ± 0.018	0.981LysCys: 0.981 ± 0.009	3.329LysAsp: 3.329 ± 0.017	4.87LysGlu: 4.87 ± 0.034	2.059LysPhe: 2.059 ± 0.013	3.569LysGly: 3.569 ± 0.017	1.349LysHis: 1.349 ± 0.011	3.137LysIle: 3.137 ± 0.015	4.493LysLys: 4.493 ± 0.027	5.868LysLeu: 5.868 ± 0.024	1.53LysMet: 1.53 ± 0.011	2.578LysAsn: 2.578 ± 0.015	2.702LysPro: 2.702 ± 0.015	2.371LysGln: 2.371 ± 0.015	3.587LysArg: 3.587 ± 0.018	4.463LysSer: 4.463 ± 0.02	2.78LysThr: 2.78 ± 0.016	3.791LysVal: 3.791 ± 0.016	0.745LysTrp: 0.745 ± 0.008	1.546LysTyr: 1.546 ± 0.012	0.008LysXaa: 0.008 ± 0.001
Leu	6.382LeuAla: 6.382 ± 0.022	1.904LeuCys: 1.904 ± 0.013	5.211LeuAsp: 5.211 ± 0.022	6.59LeuGlu: 6.59 ± 0.027	3.824LeuPhe: 3.824 ± 0.02	5.916LeuGly: 5.916 ± 0.025	2.662LeuHis: 2.662 ± 0.013	4.533LeuIle: 4.533 ± 0.021	6.066LeuLys: 6.066 ± 0.022	10.122LeuLeu: 10.122 ± 0.037	2.107LeuMet: 2.107 ± 0.011	3.94LeuAsn: 3.94 ± 0.018	5.242LeuPro: 5.242 ± 0.025	4.64LeuGln: 4.64 ± 0.022	5.548LeuArg: 5.548 ± 0.023	8.866LeuSer: 8.866 ± 0.033	4.297LeuThr: 4.297 ± 0.018	6.302LeuVal: 6.302 ± 0.026	1.154LeuTrp: 1.154 ± 0.01	2.493LeuTyr: 2.493 ± 0.015	0.013LeuXaa: 0.013 ± 0.001
Met	2.069MetAla: 2.069 ± 0.013	0.308MetCys: 0.308 ± 0.005	1.511MetAsp: 1.511 ± 0.01	2.102MetGlu: 2.102 ± 0.013	0.782MetPhe: 0.782 ± 0.007	1.658MetGly: 1.658 ± 0.011	0.559MetHis: 0.559 ± 0.007	1.172MetIle: 1.172 ± 0.009	1.602MetLys: 1.602 ± 0.011	2.177MetLeu: 2.177 ± 0.013	0.63MetMet: 0.63 ± 0.007	0.978MetAsn: 0.978 ± 0.009	1.091MetPro: 1.091 ± 0.01	0.993MetGln: 0.993 ± 0.01	1.155MetArg: 1.155 ± 0.009	1.725MetSer: 1.725 ± 0.011	1.043MetThr: 1.043 ± 0.008	1.69MetVal: 1.69 ± 0.012	0.267MetTrp: 0.267 ± 0.005	0.593MetTyr: 0.593 ± 0.007	0.003MetXaa: 0.003 ± 0.0
Asn	2.63AsnAla: 2.63 ± 0.013	0.898AsnCys: 0.898 ± 0.008	2.005AsnAsp: 2.005 ± 0.013	2.508AsnGlu: 2.508 ± 0.016	1.85AsnPhe: 1.85 ± 0.01	3.267AsnGly: 3.267 ± 0.018	1.09AsnHis: 1.09 ± 0.009	2.454AsnIle: 2.454 ± 0.014	2.347AsnLys: 2.347 ± 0.014	4.616AsnLeu: 4.616 ± 0.023	1.074AsnMet: 1.074 ± 0.008	2.123AsnAsn: 2.123 ± 0.016	2.332AsnPro: 2.332 ± 0.013	1.712AsnGln: 1.712 ± 0.012	2.107AsnArg: 2.107 ± 0.014	4.021AsnSer: 4.021 ± 0.017	1.957AsnThr: 1.957 ± 0.015	2.644AsnVal: 2.644 ± 0.015	0.555AsnTrp: 0.555 ± 0.006	1.228AsnTyr: 1.228 ± 0.009	0.007AsnXaa: 0.007 ± 0.001
Pro	2.897ProAla: 2.897 ± 0.018	0.82ProCys: 0.82 ± 0.008	2.543ProAsp: 2.543 ± 0.014	3.187ProGlu: 3.187 ± 0.017	1.991ProPhe: 1.991 ± 0.014	2.734ProGly: 2.734 ± 0.016	1.07ProHis: 1.07 ± 0.009	2.383ProIle: 2.383 ± 0.012	2.664ProLys: 2.664 ± 0.015	4.415ProLeu: 4.415 ± 0.019	0.969ProMet: 0.969 ± 0.009	2.241ProAsn: 2.241 ± 0.013	3.94ProPro: 3.94 ± 0.058	1.863ProGln: 1.863 ± 0.014	2.408ProArg: 2.408 ± 0.017	5.382ProSer: 5.382 ± 0.03	2.67ProThr: 2.67 ± 0.015	3.163ProVal: 3.163 ± 0.018	0.596ProTrp: 0.596 ± 0.007	1.304ProTyr: 1.304 ± 0.011	0.007ProXaa: 0.007 ± 0.001
Gln	2.465GlnAla: 2.465 ± 0.015	0.602GlnCys: 0.602 ± 0.007	1.724GlnAsp: 1.724 ± 0.013	2.59GlnGlu: 2.59 ± 0.018	1.387GlnPhe: 1.387 ± 0.009	2.241GlnGly: 2.241 ± 0.015	0.962GlnHis: 0.962 ± 0.009	2.08GlnIle: 2.08 ± 0.012	2.478GlnLys: 2.478 ± 0.014	3.799GlnLeu: 3.799 ± 0.017	1.034GlnMet: 1.034 ± 0.008	1.785GlnAsn: 1.785 ± 0.012	1.839GlnPro: 1.839 ± 0.015	2.318GlnGln: 2.318 ± 0.032	2.244GlnArg: 2.244 ± 0.013	3.047GlnSer: 3.047 ± 0.019	1.814GlnThr: 1.814 ± 0.013	2.437GlnVal: 2.437 ± 0.014	0.46GlnTrp: 0.46 ± 0.005	0.951GlnTyr: 0.951 ± 0.008	0.004GlnXaa: 0.004 ± 0.001
Arg	3.247ArgAla: 3.247 ± 0.016	1.038ArgCys: 1.038 ± 0.01	2.712ArgAsp: 2.712 ± 0.016	3.524ArgGlu: 3.524 ± 0.022	2.201ArgPhe: 2.201 ± 0.014	3.238ArgGly: 3.238 ± 0.02	1.287ArgHis: 1.287 ± 0.009	2.985ArgIle: 2.985 ± 0.015	3.817ArgLys: 3.817 ± 0.02	5.152ArgLeu: 5.152 ± 0.023	1.365ArgMet: 1.365 ± 0.01	2.52ArgAsn: 2.52 ± 0.015	2.411ArgPro: 2.411 ± 0.014	1.95ArgGln: 1.95 ± 0.012	4.054ArgArg: 4.054 ± 0.021	4.643ArgSer: 4.643 ± 0.023	2.545ArgThr: 2.545 ± 0.014	3.258ArgVal: 3.258 ± 0.014	0.782ArgTrp: 0.782 ± 0.007	1.452ArgTyr: 1.452 ± 0.01	0.007ArgXaa: 0.007 ± 0.001
Ser	5.388SerAla: 5.388 ± 0.024	1.825SerCys: 1.825 ± 0.013	4.44SerAsp: 4.44 ± 0.02	5.106SerGlu: 5.106 ± 0.025	3.951SerPhe: 3.951 ± 0.016	6.236SerGly: 6.236 ± 0.026	2.097SerHis: 2.097 ± 0.014	4.819SerIle: 4.819 ± 0.019	4.899SerLys: 4.899 ± 0.02	8.929SerLeu: 8.929 ± 0.031	2.16SerMet: 2.16 ± 0.012	4.015SerAsn: 4.015 ± 0.018	4.655SerPro: 4.655 ± 0.031	3.221SerGln: 3.221 ± 0.019	4.693SerArg: 4.693 ± 0.024	11.475SerSer: 11.475 ± 0.051	4.887SerThr: 4.887 ± 0.023	5.417SerVal: 5.417 ± 0.024	1.19SerTrp: 1.19 ± 0.01	2.258SerTyr: 2.258 ± 0.012	0.009SerXaa: 0.009 ± 0.001
Thr	3.326ThrAla: 3.326 ± 0.014	0.94ThrCys: 0.94 ± 0.008	2.327ThrAsp: 2.327 ± 0.013	3.009ThrGlu: 3.009 ± 0.022	1.949ThrPhe: 1.949 ± 0.012	3.354ThrGly: 3.354 ± 0.017	1.0ThrHis: 1.0 ± 0.009	2.736ThrIle: 2.736 ± 0.016	2.645ThrLys: 2.645 ± 0.016	4.533ThrLeu: 4.533 ± 0.016	1.159ThrMet: 1.159 ± 0.009	2.046ThrAsn: 2.046 ± 0.013	2.544ThrPro: 2.544 ± 0.018	1.606ThrGln: 1.606 ± 0.011	2.419ThrArg: 2.419 ± 0.012	4.701ThrSer: 4.701 ± 0.021	3.003ThrThr: 3.003 ± 0.016	3.401ThrVal: 3.401 ± 0.014	0.632ThrTrp: 0.632 ± 0.007	1.332ThrTyr: 1.332 ± 0.011	0.007ThrXaa: 0.007 ± 0.001
Val	4.739ValAla: 4.739 ± 0.02	1.135ValCys: 1.135 ± 0.01	3.736ValAsp: 3.736 ± 0.015	4.382ValGlu: 4.382 ± 0.02	2.595ValPhe: 2.595 ± 0.017	4.191ValGly: 4.191 ± 0.022	1.554ValHis: 1.554 ± 0.011	3.361ValIle: 3.361 ± 0.016	3.719ValLys: 3.719 ± 0.018	6.334ValLeu: 6.334 ± 0.026	1.449ValMet: 1.449 ± 0.011	2.492ValAsn: 2.492 ± 0.014	3.235ValPro: 3.235 ± 0.019	2.405ValGln: 2.405 ± 0.013	3.11ValArg: 3.11 ± 0.016	5.508ValSer: 5.508 ± 0.02	3.121ValThr: 3.121 ± 0.015	4.756ValVal: 4.756 ± 0.022	0.737ValTrp: 0.737 ± 0.007	1.821ValTyr: 1.821 ± 0.013	0.008ValXaa: 0.008 ± 0.001
Trp	0.767TrpAla: 0.767 ± 0.008	0.234TrpCys: 0.234 ± 0.004	0.696TrpAsp: 0.696 ± 0.008	0.789TrpGlu: 0.789 ± 0.008	0.545TrpPhe: 0.545 ± 0.006	0.709TrpGly: 0.709 ± 0.007	0.304TrpHis: 0.304 ± 0.005	0.681TrpIle: 0.681 ± 0.007	0.919TrpLys: 0.919 ± 0.009	1.189TrpLeu: 1.189 ± 0.01	0.35TrpMet: 0.35 ± 0.005	0.729TrpAsn: 0.729 ± 0.01	0.486TrpPro: 0.486 ± 0.007	0.44TrpGln: 0.44 ± 0.006	0.825TrpArg: 0.825 ± 0.008	0.966TrpSer: 0.966 ± 0.008	0.628TrpThr: 0.628 ± 0.007	0.817TrpVal: 0.817 ± 0.008	0.226TrpTrp: 0.226 ± 0.004	0.32TrpTyr: 0.32 ± 0.004	0.001TrpXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.741TyrAla: 1.741 ± 0.012	0.634TyrCys: 0.634 ± 0.007	1.45TyrAsp: 1.45 ± 0.011	1.507TyrGlu: 1.507 ± 0.01	1.237TyrPhe: 1.237 ± 0.01	2.082TyrGly: 2.082 ± 0.014	0.717TyrHis: 0.717 ± 0.008	1.42TyrIle: 1.42 ± 0.01	1.446TyrLys: 1.446 ± 0.011	2.741TyrLeu: 2.741 ± 0.016	0.71TyrMet: 0.71 ± 0.007	1.255TyrAsn: 1.255 ± 0.012	1.251TyrPro: 1.251 ± 0.01	0.944TyrGln: 0.944 ± 0.007	1.488TyrArg: 1.488 ± 0.012	2.305TyrSer: 2.305 ± 0.013	1.245TyrThr: 1.245 ± 0.012	1.669TyrVal: 1.669 ± 0.012	0.386TyrTrp: 0.386 ± 0.005	0.921TyrTyr: 0.921 ± 0.011	0.002TyrXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.007XaaAla: 0.007 ± 0.001	0.002XaaCys: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.005XaaAsp: 0.005 ± 0.001	0.008XaaGlu: 0.008 ± 0.001	0.005XaaPhe: 0.005 ± 0.0	0.008XaaGly: 0.008 ± 0.001	0.002XaaHis: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.007XaaIle: 0.007 ± 0.001	0.008XaaLys: 0.008 ± 0.001	0.012XaaLeu: 0.012 ± 0.001	0.003XaaMet: 0.003 ± 0.0	0.005XaaAsn: 0.005 ± 0.001	0.006XaaPro: 0.006 ± 0.001	0.004XaaGln: 0.004 ± 0.001	0.005XaaArg: 0.005 ± 0.001	0.011XaaSer: 0.011 ± 0.001	0.006XaaThr: 0.006 ± 0.001	0.01XaaVal: 0.01 ± 0.001	0.001XaaTrp: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.004XaaTyr: 0.004 ± 0.0	0.004XaaXaa: 0.004 ± 0.001

Statistics based on 31582 proteins (15121372 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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