Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris (Beet)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	6.652AlaAla: 6.652 ± 0.085	1.162AlaCys: 1.162 ± 0.024	3.491AlaAsp: 3.491 ± 0.04	4.327AlaGlu: 4.327 ± 0.05	2.778AlaPhe: 2.778 ± 0.053	4.103AlaGly: 4.103 ± 0.057	1.405AlaHis: 1.405 ± 0.028	3.843AlaIle: 3.843 ± 0.044	3.865AlaLys: 3.865 ± 0.046	6.665AlaLeu: 6.665 ± 0.068	1.765AlaMet: 1.765 ± 0.031	2.727AlaAsn: 2.727 ± 0.038	3.09AlaPro: 3.09 ± 0.053	2.445AlaGln: 2.445 ± 0.039	3.609AlaArg: 3.609 ± 0.047	6.041AlaSer: 6.041 ± 0.072	3.737AlaThr: 3.737 ± 0.046	4.918AlaVal: 4.918 ± 0.059	0.78AlaTrp: 0.78 ± 0.018	1.809AlaTyr: 1.809 ± 0.049	0.0AlaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Cys	1.018CysAla: 1.018 ± 0.021	0.599CysCys: 0.599 ± 0.019	0.932CysAsp: 0.932 ± 0.023	0.924CysGlu: 0.924 ± 0.023	0.855CysPhe: 0.855 ± 0.02	1.347CysGly: 1.347 ± 0.032	0.525CysHis: 0.525 ± 0.015	1.009CysIle: 1.009 ± 0.026	1.138CysLys: 1.138 ± 0.028	1.884CysLeu: 1.884 ± 0.03	0.421CysMet: 0.421 ± 0.013	0.808CysAsn: 0.808 ± 0.021	0.929CysPro: 0.929 ± 0.022	0.667CysGln: 0.667 ± 0.016	1.099CysArg: 1.099 ± 0.023	1.766CysSer: 1.766 ± 0.034	0.856CysThr: 0.856 ± 0.019	1.1CysVal: 1.1 ± 0.02	0.249CysTrp: 0.249 ± 0.01	0.584CysTyr: 0.584 ± 0.018	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	3.813AspAla: 3.813 ± 0.063	0.967AspCys: 0.967 ± 0.022	4.337AspAsp: 4.337 ± 0.081	4.24AspGlu: 4.24 ± 0.055	2.301AspPhe: 2.301 ± 0.034	3.705AspGly: 3.705 ± 0.053	1.33AspHis: 1.33 ± 0.028	3.204AspIle: 3.204 ± 0.041	2.687AspLys: 2.687 ± 0.042	5.113AspLeu: 5.113 ± 0.059	1.386AspMet: 1.386 ± 0.029	2.29AspAsn: 2.29 ± 0.032	2.613AspPro: 2.613 ± 0.04	1.938AspGln: 1.938 ± 0.031	2.619AspArg: 2.619 ± 0.039	4.187AspSer: 4.187 ± 0.047	2.3AspThr: 2.3 ± 0.032	3.814AspVal: 3.814 ± 0.039	0.698AspTrp: 0.698 ± 0.018	1.593AspTyr: 1.593 ± 0.029	0.0AspXaa: 0.0 ± 0.001
Glu	4.791GluAla: 4.791 ± 0.057	0.935GluCys: 0.935 ± 0.023	3.928GluAsp: 3.928 ± 0.05	5.622GluGlu: 5.622 ± 0.077	2.35GluPhe: 2.35 ± 0.033	3.565GluGly: 3.565 ± 0.044	1.357GluHis: 1.357 ± 0.024	3.656GluIle: 3.656 ± 0.048	4.432GluLys: 4.432 ± 0.057	5.922GluLeu: 5.922 ± 0.071	1.697GluMet: 1.697 ± 0.032	3.018GluAsn: 3.018 ± 0.041	2.198GluPro: 2.198 ± 0.035	2.285GluGln: 2.285 ± 0.037	3.403GluArg: 3.403 ± 0.05	4.521GluSer: 4.521 ± 0.063	2.976GluThr: 2.976 ± 0.038	4.06GluVal: 4.06 ± 0.047	0.706GluTrp: 0.706 ± 0.017	1.653GluTyr: 1.653 ± 0.029	0.001GluXaa: 0.001 ± 0.001
Phe	2.512PheAla: 2.512 ± 0.041	0.898PheCys: 0.898 ± 0.021	2.351PheAsp: 2.351 ± 0.035	2.255PheGlu: 2.255 ± 0.036	1.83PhePhe: 1.83 ± 0.034	2.807PheGly: 2.807 ± 0.038	1.082PheHis: 1.082 ± 0.021	2.098PheIle: 2.098 ± 0.04	1.963PheLys: 1.963 ± 0.028	4.13PheLeu: 4.13 ± 0.067	0.942PheMet: 0.942 ± 0.024	1.691PheAsn: 1.691 ± 0.028	1.929PhePro: 1.929 ± 0.03	1.54PheGln: 1.54 ± 0.027	2.039PheArg: 2.039 ± 0.035	3.874PheSer: 3.874 ± 0.04	2.024PheThr: 2.024 ± 0.036	2.778PheVal: 2.778 ± 0.042	0.511PheTrp: 0.511 ± 0.017	1.236PheTyr: 1.236 ± 0.024	0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly	3.854GlyAla: 3.854 ± 0.051	1.181GlyCys: 1.181 ± 0.027	3.467GlyAsp: 3.467 ± 0.06	3.406GlyGlu: 3.406 ± 0.038	2.9GlyPhe: 2.9 ± 0.04	5.238GlyGly: 5.238 ± 0.156	1.503GlyHis: 1.503 ± 0.032	3.307GlyIle: 3.307 ± 0.04	3.84GlyLys: 3.84 ± 0.048	5.578GlyLeu: 5.578 ± 0.056	1.45GlyMet: 1.45 ± 0.028	2.963GlyAsn: 2.963 ± 0.045	2.423GlyPro: 2.423 ± 0.044	2.121GlyGln: 2.121 ± 0.056	3.624GlyArg: 3.624 ± 0.048	5.647GlySer: 5.647 ± 0.074	2.989GlyThr: 2.989 ± 0.038	4.223GlyVal: 4.223 ± 0.053	0.846GlyTrp: 0.846 ± 0.023	1.979GlyTyr: 1.979 ± 0.039	0.0GlyXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
His	1.496HisAla: 1.496 ± 0.027	0.535HisCys: 0.535 ± 0.015	1.275HisAsp: 1.275 ± 0.023	1.287HisGlu: 1.287 ± 0.026	1.034HisPhe: 1.034 ± 0.022	1.662HisGly: 1.662 ± 0.033	0.994HisHis: 0.994 ± 0.033	1.292HisIle: 1.292 ± 0.025	1.177HisLys: 1.177 ± 0.025	2.466HisLeu: 2.466 ± 0.038	0.587HisMet: 0.587 ± 0.016	1.078HisAsn: 1.078 ± 0.023	1.395HisPro: 1.395 ± 0.027	1.088HisGln: 1.088 ± 0.027	1.398HisArg: 1.398 ± 0.03	2.005HisSer: 2.005 ± 0.035	1.042HisThr: 1.042 ± 0.026	1.559HisVal: 1.559 ± 0.029	0.319HisTrp: 0.319 ± 0.013	0.724HisTyr: 0.724 ± 0.018	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	3.734IleAla: 3.734 ± 0.049	1.161IleCys: 1.161 ± 0.024	3.119IleAsp: 3.119 ± 0.038	3.222IleGlu: 3.222 ± 0.042	2.196IlePhe: 2.196 ± 0.031	3.19IleGly: 3.19 ± 0.042	1.322IleHis: 1.322 ± 0.027	3.068IleIle: 3.068 ± 0.041	2.918IleLys: 2.918 ± 0.06	5.127IleLeu: 5.127 ± 0.06	1.215IleMet: 1.215 ± 0.023	2.296IleAsn: 2.296 ± 0.033	2.913IlePro: 2.913 ± 0.039	2.073IleGln: 2.073 ± 0.032	2.871IleArg: 2.871 ± 0.041	4.99IleSer: 4.99 ± 0.049	2.695IleThr: 2.695 ± 0.039	3.588IleVal: 3.588 ± 0.041	0.678IleTrp: 0.678 ± 0.02	1.491IleTyr: 1.491 ± 0.031	0.0IleXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Lys	3.916LysAla: 3.916 ± 0.052	0.976LysCys: 0.976 ± 0.023	3.197LysAsp: 3.197 ± 0.045	4.36LysGlu: 4.36 ± 0.062	2.166LysPhe: 2.166 ± 0.035	3.292LysGly: 3.292 ± 0.042	1.331LysHis: 1.331 ± 0.029	3.095LysIle: 3.095 ± 0.041	4.58LysLys: 4.58 ± 0.066	5.776LysLeu: 5.776 ± 0.063	1.489LysMet: 1.489 ± 0.027	2.59LysAsn: 2.59 ± 0.055	2.624LysPro: 2.624 ± 0.043	2.373LysGln: 2.373 ± 0.039	3.578LysArg: 3.578 ± 0.05	4.675LysSer: 4.675 ± 0.051	2.886LysThr: 2.886 ± 0.039	3.749LysVal: 3.749 ± 0.046	0.732LysTrp: 0.732 ± 0.019	1.543LysTyr: 1.543 ± 0.028	0.0LysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Leu	6.628LeuAla: 6.628 ± 0.059	1.947LeuCys: 1.947 ± 0.031	5.167LeuAsp: 5.167 ± 0.05	6.106LeuGlu: 6.106 ± 0.065	3.685LeuPhe: 3.685 ± 0.054	5.427LeuGly: 5.427 ± 0.059	2.584LeuHis: 2.584 ± 0.039	4.758LeuIle: 4.758 ± 0.053	6.024LeuLys: 6.024 ± 0.076	10.003LeuLeu: 10.003 ± 0.105	2.179LeuMet: 2.179 ± 0.034	3.892LeuAsn: 3.892 ± 0.044	5.185LeuPro: 5.185 ± 0.059	4.378LeuGln: 4.378 ± 0.048	5.402LeuArg: 5.402 ± 0.05	8.819LeuSer: 8.819 ± 0.076	4.512LeuThr: 4.512 ± 0.069	6.102LeuVal: 6.102 ± 0.059	1.055LeuTrp: 1.055 ± 0.026	2.484LeuTyr: 2.484 ± 0.034	0.0LeuXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Met	2.022MetAla: 2.022 ± 0.032	0.355MetCys: 0.355 ± 0.014	1.352MetAsp: 1.352 ± 0.025	1.805MetGlu: 1.805 ± 0.032	0.852MetPhe: 0.852 ± 0.021	1.545MetGly: 1.545 ± 0.028	0.538MetHis: 0.538 ± 0.016	1.312MetIle: 1.312 ± 0.027	1.683MetLys: 1.683 ± 0.029	2.269MetLeu: 2.269 ± 0.031	0.767MetMet: 0.767 ± 0.021	1.044MetAsn: 1.044 ± 0.025	1.101MetPro: 1.101 ± 0.026	0.97MetGln: 0.97 ± 0.018	1.239MetArg: 1.239 ± 0.026	1.887MetSer: 1.887 ± 0.034	1.175MetThr: 1.175 ± 0.024	1.642MetVal: 1.642 ± 0.028	0.257MetTrp: 0.257 ± 0.011	0.579MetTyr: 0.579 ± 0.017	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	2.871AsnAla: 2.871 ± 0.046	0.826AsnCys: 0.826 ± 0.02	2.411AsnAsp: 2.411 ± 0.051	2.555AsnGlu: 2.555 ± 0.038	1.898AsnPhe: 1.898 ± 0.033	3.077AsnGly: 3.077 ± 0.044	1.17AsnHis: 1.17 ± 0.024	2.524AsnIle: 2.524 ± 0.035	2.351AsnLys: 2.351 ± 0.033	4.393AsnLeu: 4.393 ± 0.059	1.162AsnMet: 1.162 ± 0.024	2.736AsnAsn: 2.736 ± 0.066	2.314AsnPro: 2.314 ± 0.03	1.762AsnGln: 1.762 ± 0.046	2.137AsnArg: 2.137 ± 0.032	3.905AsnSer: 3.905 ± 0.045	2.025AsnThr: 2.025 ± 0.032	2.878AsnVal: 2.878 ± 0.034	0.54AsnTrp: 0.54 ± 0.015	1.253AsnTyr: 1.253 ± 0.026	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	3.198ProAla: 3.198 ± 0.053	0.765ProCys: 0.765 ± 0.021	2.569ProAsp: 2.569 ± 0.035	3.056ProGlu: 3.056 ± 0.039	1.977ProPhe: 1.977 ± 0.034	2.786ProGly: 2.786 ± 0.043	1.151ProHis: 1.151 ± 0.024	2.453ProIle: 2.453 ± 0.037	2.683ProLys: 2.683 ± 0.043	4.347ProLeu: 4.347 ± 0.057	0.989ProMet: 0.989 ± 0.023	2.327ProAsn: 2.327 ± 0.04	3.812ProPro: 3.812 ± 0.116	1.908ProGln: 1.908 ± 0.052	2.454ProArg: 2.454 ± 0.039	5.333ProSer: 5.333 ± 0.081	2.79ProThr: 2.79 ± 0.044	3.168ProVal: 3.168 ± 0.047	0.547ProTrp: 0.547 ± 0.017	1.318ProTyr: 1.318 ± 0.024	0.0ProXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gln	2.745GlnAla: 2.745 ± 0.06	0.63GlnCys: 0.63 ± 0.019	1.773GlnAsp: 1.773 ± 0.029	2.421GlnGlu: 2.421 ± 0.041	1.444GlnPhe: 1.444 ± 0.026	2.08GlnGly: 2.08 ± 0.038	1.083GlnHis: 1.083 ± 0.026	2.116GlnIle: 2.116 ± 0.035	2.284GlnLys: 2.284 ± 0.037	3.858GlnLeu: 3.858 ± 0.045	1.024GlnMet: 1.024 ± 0.024	1.81GlnAsn: 1.81 ± 0.033	1.993GlnPro: 1.993 ± 0.043	2.527GlnGln: 2.527 ± 0.08	2.28GlnArg: 2.28 ± 0.04	3.064GlnSer: 3.064 ± 0.045	1.881GlnThr: 1.881 ± 0.034	2.414GlnVal: 2.414 ± 0.039	0.473GlnTrp: 0.473 ± 0.017	1.019GlnTyr: 1.019 ± 0.023	0.0GlnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Arg	3.359ArgAla: 3.359 ± 0.042	1.038ArgCys: 1.038 ± 0.024	2.737ArgAsp: 2.737 ± 0.041	3.356ArgGlu: 3.356 ± 0.046	2.187ArgPhe: 2.187 ± 0.036	3.193ArgGly: 3.193 ± 0.048	1.414ArgHis: 1.414 ± 0.025	2.922ArgIle: 2.922 ± 0.037	3.694ArgLys: 3.694 ± 0.043	5.219ArgLeu: 5.219 ± 0.052	1.308ArgMet: 1.308 ± 0.025	2.451ArgAsn: 2.451 ± 0.033	2.559ArgPro: 2.559 ± 0.042	2.087ArgGln: 2.087 ± 0.034	4.29ArgArg: 4.29 ± 0.069	4.6ArgSer: 4.6 ± 0.064	2.571ArgThr: 2.571 ± 0.038	3.357ArgVal: 3.357 ± 0.04	0.733ArgTrp: 0.733 ± 0.017	1.541ArgTyr: 1.541 ± 0.026	0.0ArgXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ser	5.625SerAla: 5.625 ± 0.062	1.699SerCys: 1.699 ± 0.033	4.548SerAsp: 4.548 ± 0.05	4.733SerGlu: 4.733 ± 0.06	3.738SerPhe: 3.738 ± 0.046	5.713SerGly: 5.713 ± 0.08	2.022SerHis: 2.022 ± 0.032	4.639SerIle: 4.639 ± 0.051	4.891SerLys: 4.891 ± 0.048	8.799SerLeu: 8.799 ± 0.082	2.111SerMet: 2.111 ± 0.03	4.195SerAsn: 4.195 ± 0.064	4.698SerPro: 4.698 ± 0.091	3.216SerGln: 3.216 ± 0.056	4.522SerArg: 4.522 ± 0.059	11.091SerSer: 11.091 ± 0.158	4.973SerThr: 4.973 ± 0.057	5.225SerVal: 5.225 ± 0.058	1.087SerTrp: 1.087 ± 0.027	2.339SerTyr: 2.339 ± 0.036	0.0SerXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Thr	3.573ThrAla: 3.573 ± 0.045	0.938ThrCys: 0.938 ± 0.022	2.263ThrAsp: 2.263 ± 0.033	2.756ThrGlu: 2.756 ± 0.041	1.988ThrPhe: 1.988 ± 0.034	3.024ThrGly: 3.024 ± 0.035	1.033ThrHis: 1.033 ± 0.021	2.946ThrIle: 2.946 ± 0.056	2.652ThrLys: 2.652 ± 0.038	4.793ThrLeu: 4.793 ± 0.048	1.236ThrMet: 1.236 ± 0.027	2.176ThrAsn: 2.176 ± 0.032	2.873ThrPro: 2.873 ± 0.049	1.636ThrGln: 1.636 ± 0.03	2.47ThrArg: 2.47 ± 0.039	4.946ThrSer: 4.946 ± 0.054	3.37ThrThr: 3.37 ± 0.056	3.214ThrVal: 3.214 ± 0.043	0.589ThrTrp: 0.589 ± 0.017	1.375ThrTyr: 1.375 ± 0.025	0.0ThrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Val	4.891ValAla: 4.891 ± 0.054	1.184ValCys: 1.184 ± 0.024	3.95ValAsp: 3.95 ± 0.045	4.34ValGlu: 4.34 ± 0.051	2.571ValPhe: 2.571 ± 0.035	4.092ValGly: 4.092 ± 0.061	1.548ValHis: 1.548 ± 0.032	3.554ValIle: 3.554 ± 0.044	3.731ValLys: 3.731 ± 0.043	6.174ValLeu: 6.174 ± 0.049	1.577ValMet: 1.577 ± 0.027	2.651ValAsn: 2.651 ± 0.037	3.226ValPro: 3.226 ± 0.037	2.438ValGln: 2.438 ± 0.03	3.256ValArg: 3.256 ± 0.038	5.367ValSer: 5.367 ± 0.06	3.185ValThr: 3.185 ± 0.039	5.077ValVal: 5.077 ± 0.063	0.722ValTrp: 0.722 ± 0.021	1.881ValTyr: 1.881 ± 0.036	0.0ValXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Trp	0.74TrpAla: 0.74 ± 0.02	0.257TrpCys: 0.257 ± 0.011	0.654TrpAsp: 0.654 ± 0.018	0.702TrpGlu: 0.702 ± 0.017	0.505TrpPhe: 0.505 ± 0.016	0.664TrpGly: 0.664 ± 0.021	0.281TrpHis: 0.281 ± 0.011	0.66TrpIle: 0.66 ± 0.017	0.866TrpLys: 0.866 ± 0.019	1.146TrpLeu: 1.146 ± 0.023	0.35TrpMet: 0.35 ± 0.013	0.649TrpAsn: 0.649 ± 0.02	0.468TrpPro: 0.468 ± 0.017	0.449TrpGln: 0.449 ± 0.013	0.823TrpArg: 0.823 ± 0.02	0.945TrpSer: 0.945 ± 0.021	0.591TrpThr: 0.591 ± 0.015	0.836TrpVal: 0.836 ± 0.02	0.231TrpTrp: 0.231 ± 0.01	0.329TrpTyr: 0.329 ± 0.013	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.778TyrAla: 1.778 ± 0.03	0.659TyrCys: 0.659 ± 0.019	1.616TyrAsp: 1.616 ± 0.033	1.602TyrGlu: 1.602 ± 0.025	1.238TyrPhe: 1.238 ± 0.026	2.025TyrGly: 2.025 ± 0.039	0.741TyrHis: 0.741 ± 0.02	1.412TyrIle: 1.412 ± 0.026	1.469TyrLys: 1.469 ± 0.032	2.675TyrLeu: 2.675 ± 0.038	0.738TyrMet: 0.738 ± 0.02	1.395TyrAsn: 1.395 ± 0.031	1.287TyrPro: 1.287 ± 0.054	1.019TyrGln: 1.019 ± 0.023	1.501TyrArg: 1.501 ± 0.026	2.198TyrSer: 2.198 ± 0.037	1.273TyrThr: 1.273 ± 0.035	1.713TyrVal: 1.713 ± 0.031	0.392TyrTrp: 0.392 ± 0.014	0.937TyrTyr: 0.937 ± 0.022	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.0XaaAla: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGlu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGly: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaIle: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaLeu: 0.001 ± 0.001	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPro: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGln: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaArg: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaSer: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaVal: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTyr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaXaa: 0.001 ± 0.001

Statistics based on 7611 proteins (2194387 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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