Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	9.045AlaAla: 9.045 ± 0.087	1.229AlaCys: 1.229 ± 0.048	3.352AlaAsp: 3.352 ± 0.02	4.628AlaGlu: 4.628 ± 0.031	2.071AlaPhe: 2.071 ± 0.014	4.963AlaGly: 4.963 ± 0.032	1.676AlaHis: 1.676 ± 0.012	3.351AlaIle: 3.351 ± 0.017	3.971AlaLys: 3.971 ± 0.028	6.026AlaLeu: 6.026 ± 0.039	1.673AlaMet: 1.673 ± 0.015	3.299AlaAsn: 3.299 ± 0.019	4.234AlaPro: 4.234 ± 0.033	3.482AlaGln: 3.482 ± 0.024	3.218AlaArg: 3.218 ± 0.018	6.351AlaSer: 6.351 ± 0.038	4.987AlaThr: 4.987 ± 0.031	4.459AlaVal: 4.459 ± 0.022	0.536AlaTrp: 0.536 ± 0.007	1.657AlaTyr: 1.657 ± 0.012	0.002AlaXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Cys	1.177CysAla: 1.177 ± 0.029	0.445CysCys: 0.445 ± 0.008	1.062CysAsp: 1.062 ± 0.016	1.098CysGlu: 1.098 ± 0.018	0.656CysPhe: 0.656 ± 0.009	1.416CysGly: 1.416 ± 0.059	0.505CysHis: 0.505 ± 0.012	1.013CysIle: 1.013 ± 0.03	0.935CysLys: 0.935 ± 0.017	1.728CysLeu: 1.728 ± 0.038	0.361CysMet: 0.361 ± 0.005	0.854CysAsn: 0.854 ± 0.017	1.11CysPro: 1.11 ± 0.055	0.931CysGln: 0.931 ± 0.041	1.292CysArg: 1.292 ± 0.074	1.665CysSer: 1.665 ± 0.049	0.972CysThr: 0.972 ± 0.029	1.252CysVal: 1.252 ± 0.046	0.179CysTrp: 0.179 ± 0.003	0.525CysTyr: 0.525 ± 0.012	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	3.525AspAla: 3.525 ± 0.02	1.025AspCys: 1.025 ± 0.026	3.753AspAsp: 3.753 ± 0.036	4.378AspGlu: 4.378 ± 0.037	2.09AspPhe: 2.09 ± 0.013	3.194AspGly: 3.194 ± 0.023	1.123AspHis: 1.123 ± 0.01	2.793AspIle: 2.793 ± 0.016	2.706AspLys: 2.706 ± 0.033	4.636AspLeu: 4.636 ± 0.032	1.206AspMet: 1.206 ± 0.011	2.25AspAsn: 2.25 ± 0.016	2.586AspPro: 2.586 ± 0.052	2.077AspGln: 2.077 ± 0.014	2.564AspArg: 2.564 ± 0.022	4.029AspSer: 4.029 ± 0.026	2.467AspThr: 2.467 ± 0.017	3.295AspVal: 3.295 ± 0.018	0.548AspTrp: 0.548 ± 0.007	1.72AspTyr: 1.72 ± 0.014	0.001AspXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Glu	4.537GluAla: 4.537 ± 0.028	1.326GluCys: 1.326 ± 0.065	4.139GluAsp: 4.139 ± 0.039	6.384GluGlu: 6.384 ± 0.111	2.085GluPhe: 2.085 ± 0.015	2.952GluGly: 2.952 ± 0.021	1.578GluHis: 1.578 ± 0.013	3.329GluIle: 3.329 ± 0.034	4.289GluLys: 4.289 ± 0.05	6.059GluLeu: 6.059 ± 0.042	1.513GluMet: 1.513 ± 0.015	2.9GluAsn: 2.9 ± 0.017	3.017GluPro: 3.017 ± 0.04	3.566GluGln: 3.566 ± 0.031	3.97GluArg: 3.97 ± 0.026	4.62GluSer: 4.62 ± 0.035	3.534GluThr: 3.534 ± 0.047	3.719GluVal: 3.719 ± 0.05	0.578GluTrp: 0.578 ± 0.009	1.726GluTyr: 1.726 ± 0.015	0.001GluXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Phe	2.102PheAla: 2.102 ± 0.017	0.689PheCys: 0.689 ± 0.007	1.949PheAsp: 1.949 ± 0.013	2.082PheGlu: 2.082 ± 0.015	1.321PhePhe: 1.321 ± 0.014	2.299PheGly: 2.299 ± 0.016	0.826PheHis: 0.826 ± 0.008	1.778PheIle: 1.778 ± 0.014	1.755PheLys: 1.755 ± 0.014	3.04PheLeu: 3.04 ± 0.025	0.799PheMet: 0.799 ± 0.01	1.615PheAsn: 1.615 ± 0.012	1.38PhePro: 1.38 ± 0.011	1.407PheGln: 1.407 ± 0.013	1.81PheArg: 1.81 ± 0.015	2.452PheSer: 2.452 ± 0.021	1.814PheThr: 1.814 ± 0.015	2.286PheVal: 2.286 ± 0.014	0.386PheTrp: 0.386 ± 0.005	1.137PheTyr: 1.137 ± 0.012	0.001PheXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Gly	4.678GlyAla: 4.678 ± 0.03	1.041GlyCys: 1.041 ± 0.028	3.21GlyAsp: 3.21 ± 0.025	3.247GlyGlu: 3.247 ± 0.025	2.066GlyPhe: 2.066 ± 0.016	7.056GlyGly: 7.056 ± 0.072	1.686GlyHis: 1.686 ± 0.013	2.787GlyIle: 2.787 ± 0.018	3.041GlyLys: 3.041 ± 0.02	4.56GlyLeu: 4.56 ± 0.028	1.331GlyMet: 1.331 ± 0.015	3.229GlyAsn: 3.229 ± 0.025	2.617GlyPro: 2.617 ± 0.025	2.703GlyGln: 2.703 ± 0.022	2.986GlyArg: 2.986 ± 0.02	6.429GlySer: 6.429 ± 0.039	3.259GlyThr: 3.259 ± 0.024	3.597GlyVal: 3.597 ± 0.022	0.573GlyTrp: 0.573 ± 0.008	2.0GlyTyr: 2.0 ± 0.025	0.001GlyXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
His	1.564HisAla: 1.564 ± 0.012	0.554HisCys: 0.554 ± 0.011	1.106HisAsp: 1.106 ± 0.009	1.349HisGlu: 1.349 ± 0.012	0.968HisPhe: 0.968 ± 0.01	1.537HisGly: 1.537 ± 0.013	1.569HisHis: 1.569 ± 0.021	1.273HisIle: 1.273 ± 0.01	1.296HisLys: 1.296 ± 0.011	2.482HisLeu: 2.482 ± 0.018	0.674HisMet: 0.674 ± 0.009	1.205HisAsn: 1.205 ± 0.011	1.555HisPro: 1.555 ± 0.02	1.797HisGln: 1.797 ± 0.019	1.425HisArg: 1.425 ± 0.01	2.257HisSer: 2.257 ± 0.016	1.291HisThr: 1.291 ± 0.011	1.424HisVal: 1.424 ± 0.011	0.263HisTrp: 0.263 ± 0.004	0.845HisTyr: 0.845 ± 0.008	0.001HisXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Ile	3.249IleAla: 3.249 ± 0.019	1.145IleCys: 1.145 ± 0.029	2.617IleAsp: 2.617 ± 0.017	3.222IleGlu: 3.222 ± 0.039	1.946IlePhe: 1.946 ± 0.02	2.652IleGly: 2.652 ± 0.019	1.076IleHis: 1.076 ± 0.009	2.566IleIle: 2.566 ± 0.017	2.843IleLys: 2.843 ± 0.024	4.165IleLeu: 4.165 ± 0.03	1.057IleMet: 1.057 ± 0.011	2.397IleAsn: 2.397 ± 0.021	2.453IlePro: 2.453 ± 0.017	2.055IleGln: 2.055 ± 0.018	2.538IleArg: 2.538 ± 0.015	4.065IleSer: 4.065 ± 0.024	2.799IleThr: 2.799 ± 0.02	3.094IleVal: 3.094 ± 0.02	0.476IleTrp: 0.476 ± 0.005	1.555IleTyr: 1.555 ± 0.013	0.002IleXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Lys	3.528LysAla: 3.528 ± 0.023	1.13LysCys: 1.13 ± 0.031	2.884LysAsp: 2.884 ± 0.023	3.921LysGlu: 3.921 ± 0.035	1.744LysPhe: 1.744 ± 0.014	2.371LysGly: 2.371 ± 0.019	1.322LysHis: 1.322 ± 0.011	2.789LysIle: 2.789 ± 0.03	4.268LysLys: 4.268 ± 0.081	5.104LysLeu: 5.104 ± 0.036	1.327LysMet: 1.327 ± 0.013	2.359LysAsn: 2.359 ± 0.017	3.359LysPro: 3.359 ± 0.072	2.704LysGln: 2.704 ± 0.023	3.527LysArg: 3.527 ± 0.025	4.316LysSer: 4.316 ± 0.033	3.074LysThr: 3.074 ± 0.025	3.132LysVal: 3.132 ± 0.032	0.543LysTrp: 0.543 ± 0.007	1.641LysTyr: 1.641 ± 0.015	0.002LysXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Leu	6.397LeuAla: 6.397 ± 0.038	1.588LeuCys: 1.588 ± 0.019	4.772LeuAsp: 4.772 ± 0.029	6.105LeuGlu: 6.105 ± 0.042	2.746LeuPhe: 2.746 ± 0.024	4.72LeuGly: 4.72 ± 0.028	2.407LeuHis: 2.407 ± 0.019	4.02LeuIle: 4.02 ± 0.028	5.199LeuLys: 5.199 ± 0.036	8.336LeuLeu: 8.336 ± 0.059	1.924LeuMet: 1.924 ± 0.019	4.204LeuAsn: 4.204 ± 0.022	5.128LeuPro: 5.128 ± 0.027	5.1LeuGln: 5.1 ± 0.038	5.276LeuArg: 5.276 ± 0.036	6.79LeuSer: 6.79 ± 0.046	4.581LeuThr: 4.581 ± 0.031	4.849LeuVal: 4.849 ± 0.028	0.775LeuTrp: 0.775 ± 0.01	2.249LeuTyr: 2.249 ± 0.018	0.004LeuXaa: 0.004 ± 0.001
Met	1.749MetAla: 1.749 ± 0.016	0.394MetCys: 0.394 ± 0.006	1.319MetAsp: 1.319 ± 0.012	1.58MetGlu: 1.58 ± 0.014	0.732MetPhe: 0.732 ± 0.008	1.385MetGly: 1.385 ± 0.017	0.611MetHis: 0.611 ± 0.007	0.917MetIle: 0.917 ± 0.009	1.156MetLys: 1.156 ± 0.011	2.007MetLeu: 2.007 ± 0.019	0.613MetMet: 0.613 ± 0.008	0.967MetAsn: 0.967 ± 0.01	1.318MetPro: 1.318 ± 0.014	1.236MetGln: 1.236 ± 0.013	1.371MetArg: 1.371 ± 0.011	1.82MetSer: 1.82 ± 0.018	1.143MetThr: 1.143 ± 0.012	1.217MetVal: 1.217 ± 0.012	0.216MetTrp: 0.216 ± 0.004	0.615MetTyr: 0.615 ± 0.008	0.001MetXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Asn	3.45AsnAla: 3.45 ± 0.03	0.96AsnCys: 0.96 ± 0.02	2.271AsnAsp: 2.271 ± 0.016	2.802AsnGlu: 2.802 ± 0.016	1.658AsnPhe: 1.658 ± 0.013	3.633AsnGly: 3.633 ± 0.026	1.177AsnHis: 1.177 ± 0.018	2.473AsnIle: 2.473 ± 0.018	2.281AsnLys: 2.281 ± 0.016	3.981AsnLeu: 3.981 ± 0.025	1.077AsnMet: 1.077 ± 0.011	3.152AsnAsn: 3.152 ± 0.031	2.469AsnPro: 2.469 ± 0.037	2.157AsnGln: 2.157 ± 0.016	2.31AsnArg: 2.31 ± 0.017	4.363AsnSer: 4.363 ± 0.026	2.406AsnThr: 2.406 ± 0.016	2.838AsnVal: 2.838 ± 0.017	0.46AsnTrp: 0.46 ± 0.006	1.438AsnTyr: 1.438 ± 0.012	0.001AsnXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Pro	4.484ProAla: 4.484 ± 0.031	1.003ProCys: 1.003 ± 0.083	2.513ProAsp: 2.513 ± 0.017	3.738ProGlu: 3.738 ± 0.066	1.617ProPhe: 1.617 ± 0.02	3.425ProGly: 3.425 ± 0.038	1.51ProHis: 1.51 ± 0.014	2.519ProIle: 2.519 ± 0.025	3.078ProLys: 3.078 ± 0.044	4.459ProLeu: 4.459 ± 0.025	1.147ProMet: 1.147 ± 0.012	2.527ProAsn: 2.527 ± 0.024	5.736ProPro: 5.736 ± 0.055	3.014ProGln: 3.014 ± 0.028	2.609ProArg: 2.609 ± 0.015	5.051ProSer: 5.051 ± 0.074	3.897ProThr: 3.897 ± 0.041	3.42ProVal: 3.42 ± 0.026	0.434ProTrp: 0.434 ± 0.01	1.457ProTyr: 1.457 ± 0.015	0.001ProXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Gln	3.534GlnAla: 3.534 ± 0.024	0.931GlnCys: 0.931 ± 0.039	2.055GlnAsp: 2.055 ± 0.015	3.136GlnGlu: 3.136 ± 0.036	1.464GlnPhe: 1.464 ± 0.011	2.15GlnGly: 2.15 ± 0.015	2.005GlnHis: 2.005 ± 0.019	2.2GlnIle: 2.2 ± 0.014	2.69GlnLys: 2.69 ± 0.02	5.253GlnLeu: 5.253 ± 0.035	1.294GlnMet: 1.294 ± 0.016	2.185GlnAsn: 2.185 ± 0.014	3.135GlnPro: 3.135 ± 0.031	8.527GlnGln: 8.527 ± 0.122	3.346GlnArg: 3.346 ± 0.023	3.7GlnSer: 3.7 ± 0.031	2.639GlnThr: 2.639 ± 0.023	2.643GlnVal: 2.643 ± 0.016	0.426GlnTrp: 0.426 ± 0.005	1.239GlnTyr: 1.239 ± 0.01	0.001GlnXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Arg	3.2ArgAla: 3.2 ± 0.02	1.083ArgCys: 1.083 ± 0.028	2.901ArgAsp: 2.901 ± 0.023	3.589ArgGlu: 3.589 ± 0.024	1.861ArgPhe: 1.861 ± 0.013	2.772ArgGly: 2.772 ± 0.022	1.554ArgHis: 1.554 ± 0.013	2.702ArgIle: 2.702 ± 0.017	3.448ArgLys: 3.448 ± 0.022	4.907ArgLeu: 4.907 ± 0.031	1.167ArgMet: 1.167 ± 0.011	2.737ArgAsn: 2.737 ± 0.015	2.899ArgPro: 2.899 ± 0.04	2.952ArgGln: 2.952 ± 0.021	4.378ArgArg: 4.378 ± 0.034	4.578ArgSer: 4.578 ± 0.03	2.852ArgThr: 2.852 ± 0.019	2.907ArgVal: 2.907 ± 0.021	0.534ArgTrp: 0.534 ± 0.007	1.59ArgTyr: 1.59 ± 0.013	0.002ArgXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Ser	6.416SerAla: 6.416 ± 0.038	1.552SerCys: 1.552 ± 0.049	4.126SerAsp: 4.126 ± 0.032	4.701SerGlu: 4.701 ± 0.032	2.548SerPhe: 2.548 ± 0.021	6.261SerGly: 6.261 ± 0.042	2.041SerHis: 2.041 ± 0.017	3.761SerIle: 3.761 ± 0.027	4.1SerLys: 4.1 ± 0.026	6.97SerLeu: 6.97 ± 0.047	1.77SerMet: 1.77 ± 0.015	4.331SerAsn: 4.331 ± 0.024	5.262SerPro: 5.262 ± 0.052	3.847SerGln: 3.847 ± 0.032	4.127SerArg: 4.127 ± 0.026	11.01SerSer: 11.01 ± 0.103	5.703SerThr: 5.703 ± 0.046	4.709SerVal: 4.709 ± 0.024	0.737SerTrp: 0.737 ± 0.01	2.122SerTyr: 2.122 ± 0.017	0.004SerXaa: 0.004 ± 0.001
Thr	4.649ThrAla: 4.649 ± 0.027	1.081ThrCys: 1.081 ± 0.023	2.677ThrAsp: 2.677 ± 0.022	3.514ThrGlu: 3.514 ± 0.041	1.806ThrPhe: 1.806 ± 0.014	3.491ThrGly: 3.491 ± 0.026	1.301ThrHis: 1.301 ± 0.011	2.852ThrIle: 2.852 ± 0.018	2.881ThrLys: 2.881 ± 0.024	4.878ThrLeu: 4.878 ± 0.03	1.207ThrMet: 1.207 ± 0.011	2.619ThrAsn: 2.619 ± 0.02	4.265ThrPro: 4.265 ± 0.039	2.389ThrGln: 2.389 ± 0.016	2.624ThrArg: 2.624 ± 0.024	5.344ThrSer: 5.344 ± 0.04	5.622ThrThr: 5.622 ± 0.116	3.547ThrVal: 3.547 ± 0.041	0.497ThrTrp: 0.497 ± 0.006	1.474ThrTyr: 1.474 ± 0.012	0.002ThrXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Val	4.578ValAla: 4.578 ± 0.023	1.204ValCys: 1.204 ± 0.036	3.144ValAsp: 3.144 ± 0.017	4.054ValGlu: 4.054 ± 0.057	1.998ValPhe: 1.998 ± 0.014	3.52ValGly: 3.52 ± 0.02	1.428ValHis: 1.428 ± 0.011	3.0ValIle: 3.0 ± 0.021	3.122ValLys: 3.122 ± 0.028	5.147ValLeu: 5.147 ± 0.026	1.272ValMet: 1.272 ± 0.012	2.655ValAsn: 2.655 ± 0.021	3.43ValPro: 3.43 ± 0.038	2.796ValGln: 2.796 ± 0.018	3.035ValArg: 3.035 ± 0.018	4.423ValSer: 4.423 ± 0.02	3.577ValThr: 3.577 ± 0.046	4.081ValVal: 4.081 ± 0.03	0.541ValTrp: 0.541 ± 0.007	1.632ValTyr: 1.632 ± 0.012	0.003ValXaa: 0.003 ± 0.0
Trp	0.512TrpAla: 0.512 ± 0.007	0.17TrpCys: 0.17 ± 0.004	0.471TrpAsp: 0.471 ± 0.007	0.508TrpGlu: 0.508 ± 0.007	0.38TrpPhe: 0.38 ± 0.006	0.455TrpGly: 0.455 ± 0.007	0.254TrpHis: 0.254 ± 0.004	0.495TrpIle: 0.495 ± 0.007	0.525TrpLys: 0.525 ± 0.006	1.009TrpLeu: 1.009 ± 0.01	0.26TrpMet: 0.26 ± 0.004	0.473TrpAsn: 0.473 ± 0.007	0.371TrpPro: 0.371 ± 0.006	0.472TrpGln: 0.472 ± 0.006	0.612TrpArg: 0.612 ± 0.006	0.722TrpSer: 0.722 ± 0.009	0.519TrpThr: 0.519 ± 0.011	0.5TrpVal: 0.5 ± 0.006	0.15TrpTrp: 0.15 ± 0.004	0.315TrpTyr: 0.315 ± 0.006	0.0TrpXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.837TyrAla: 1.837 ± 0.015	0.624TyrCys: 0.624 ± 0.009	1.643TyrAsp: 1.643 ± 0.013	1.783TyrGlu: 1.783 ± 0.017	1.174TyrPhe: 1.174 ± 0.011	1.843TyrGly: 1.843 ± 0.015	0.785TyrHis: 0.785 ± 0.008	1.353TyrIle: 1.353 ± 0.012	1.458TyrLys: 1.458 ± 0.012	2.417TyrLeu: 2.417 ± 0.019	0.698TyrMet: 0.698 ± 0.008	1.397TyrAsn: 1.397 ± 0.011	1.311TyrPro: 1.311 ± 0.012	1.337TyrGln: 1.337 ± 0.013	1.591TyrArg: 1.591 ± 0.011	2.111TyrSer: 2.111 ± 0.016	1.586TyrThr: 1.586 ± 0.014	1.67TyrVal: 1.67 ± 0.012	0.321TyrTrp: 0.321 ± 0.006	1.053TyrTyr: 1.053 ± 0.011	0.001TyrXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.0XaaAla: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaCys: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.002XaaAsp: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.002XaaGlu: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaGly: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.004XaaHis: 0.004 ± 0.0	0.0XaaIle: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.004XaaLeu: 0.004 ± 0.0	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaAsn: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.003XaaPro: 0.003 ± 0.0	0.004XaaGln: 0.004 ± 0.001	0.003XaaArg: 0.003 ± 0.0	0.001XaaSer: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.001XaaVal: 0.001 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.002XaaTyr: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.0XaaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0

Statistics based on 23524 proteins (16289205 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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