Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Columba livia (Rock dove)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	6.43AlaAla: 6.43 ± 0.039	1.313AlaCys: 1.313 ± 0.015	3.117AlaAsp: 3.117 ± 0.019	4.969AlaGlu: 4.969 ± 0.03	2.512AlaPhe: 2.512 ± 0.017	4.392AlaGly: 4.392 ± 0.032	1.39AlaHis: 1.39 ± 0.013	2.854AlaIle: 2.854 ± 0.017	3.735AlaLys: 3.735 ± 0.025	6.562AlaLeu: 6.562 ± 0.035	1.522AlaMet: 1.522 ± 0.013	2.224AlaAsn: 2.224 ± 0.017	3.396AlaPro: 3.396 ± 0.03	3.0AlaGln: 3.0 ± 0.022	3.227AlaArg: 3.227 ± 0.019	5.483AlaSer: 5.483 ± 0.028	3.501AlaThr: 3.501 ± 0.026	4.895AlaVal: 4.895 ± 0.029	0.727AlaTrp: 0.727 ± 0.01	1.53AlaTyr: 1.53 ± 0.013	0.014AlaXaa: 0.014 ± 0.001
Cys	1.202CysAla: 1.202 ± 0.015	0.645CysCys: 0.645 ± 0.009	1.06CysAsp: 1.06 ± 0.017	1.366CysGlu: 1.366 ± 0.024	0.866CysPhe: 0.866 ± 0.01	1.498CysGly: 1.498 ± 0.021	0.642CysHis: 0.642 ± 0.009	1.058CysIle: 1.058 ± 0.015	1.27CysLys: 1.27 ± 0.015	2.076CysLeu: 2.076 ± 0.019	0.457CysMet: 0.457 ± 0.006	0.862CysAsn: 0.862 ± 0.013	1.28CysPro: 1.28 ± 0.019	1.04CysGln: 1.04 ± 0.017	1.277CysArg: 1.277 ± 0.015	2.026CysSer: 2.026 ± 0.022	1.198CysThr: 1.198 ± 0.016	1.315CysVal: 1.315 ± 0.015	0.296CysTrp: 0.296 ± 0.006	0.625CysTyr: 0.625 ± 0.009	0.002CysXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Asp	3.084AspAla: 3.084 ± 0.017	1.097AspCys: 1.097 ± 0.014	2.901AspAsp: 2.901 ± 0.027	3.706AspGlu: 3.706 ± 0.024	2.185AspPhe: 2.185 ± 0.017	3.347AspGly: 3.347 ± 0.027	1.125AspHis: 1.125 ± 0.011	2.81AspIle: 2.81 ± 0.023	2.803AspLys: 2.803 ± 0.02	4.97AspLeu: 4.97 ± 0.03	1.167AspMet: 1.167 ± 0.01	1.928AspAsn: 1.928 ± 0.016	2.701AspPro: 2.701 ± 0.02	1.873AspGln: 1.873 ± 0.015	2.431AspArg: 2.431 ± 0.019	4.214AspSer: 4.214 ± 0.023	2.658AspThr: 2.658 ± 0.018	3.289AspVal: 3.289 ± 0.032	0.626AspTrp: 0.626 ± 0.008	1.614AspTyr: 1.614 ± 0.015	0.006AspXaa: 0.006 ± 0.001
Glu	4.842GluAla: 4.842 ± 0.033	1.293GluCys: 1.293 ± 0.021	4.632GluAsp: 4.632 ± 0.029	8.195GluGlu: 8.195 ± 0.059	2.11GluPhe: 2.11 ± 0.017	4.056GluGly: 4.056 ± 0.027	1.551GluHis: 1.551 ± 0.014	3.447GluIle: 3.447 ± 0.024	5.8GluLys: 5.8 ± 0.041	6.506GluLeu: 6.506 ± 0.043	1.836GluMet: 1.836 ± 0.015	3.469GluAsn: 3.469 ± 0.024	2.864GluPro: 2.864 ± 0.022	3.31GluGln: 3.31 ± 0.026	3.968GluArg: 3.968 ± 0.03	4.617GluSer: 4.617 ± 0.025	3.691GluThr: 3.691 ± 0.023	4.268GluVal: 4.268 ± 0.026	0.723GluTrp: 0.723 ± 0.011	1.74GluTyr: 1.74 ± 0.018	0.008GluXaa: 0.008 ± 0.001
Phe	2.072PheAla: 2.072 ± 0.014	0.93PheCys: 0.93 ± 0.011	1.726PheAsp: 1.726 ± 0.015	2.052PheGlu: 2.052 ± 0.016	1.588PhePhe: 1.588 ± 0.017	2.249PheGly: 2.249 ± 0.02	1.052PheHis: 1.052 ± 0.012	1.93PheIle: 1.93 ± 0.018	1.951PheLys: 1.951 ± 0.018	3.85PheLeu: 3.85 ± 0.027	0.773PheMet: 0.773 ± 0.009	1.422PheAsn: 1.422 ± 0.014	1.919PhePro: 1.919 ± 0.016	1.745PheGln: 1.745 ± 0.016	1.852PheArg: 1.852 ± 0.018	3.292PheSer: 3.292 ± 0.021	2.113PheThr: 2.113 ± 0.018	2.239PheVal: 2.239 ± 0.017	0.491PheTrp: 0.491 ± 0.008	1.21PheTyr: 1.21 ± 0.012	0.003PheXaa: 0.003 ± 0.0
Gly	3.928GlyAla: 3.928 ± 0.028	1.265GlyCys: 1.265 ± 0.014	3.224GlyAsp: 3.224 ± 0.027	3.948GlyGlu: 3.948 ± 0.034	2.386GlyPhe: 2.386 ± 0.021	4.279GlyGly: 4.279 ± 0.046	1.586GlyHis: 1.586 ± 0.016	2.823GlyIle: 2.823 ± 0.023	3.897GlyLys: 3.897 ± 0.023	5.16GlyLeu: 5.16 ± 0.037	1.37GlyMet: 1.37 ± 0.016	2.562GlyAsn: 2.562 ± 0.02	3.051GlyPro: 3.051 ± 0.057	2.637GlyGln: 2.637 ± 0.022	3.408GlyArg: 3.408 ± 0.02	5.425GlySer: 5.425 ± 0.031	3.701GlyThr: 3.701 ± 0.027	3.491GlyVal: 3.491 ± 0.024	0.793GlyTrp: 0.793 ± 0.012	1.805GlyTyr: 1.805 ± 0.02	0.016GlyXaa: 0.016 ± 0.001
His	1.347HisAla: 1.347 ± 0.012	0.705HisCys: 0.705 ± 0.011	0.938HisAsp: 0.938 ± 0.009	1.372HisGlu: 1.372 ± 0.014	1.038HisPhe: 1.038 ± 0.012	1.534HisGly: 1.534 ± 0.015	0.888HisHis: 0.888 ± 0.013	1.285HisIle: 1.285 ± 0.013	1.327HisLys: 1.327 ± 0.014	2.724HisLeu: 2.724 ± 0.018	0.584HisMet: 0.584 ± 0.008	0.945HisAsn: 0.945 ± 0.011	1.568HisPro: 1.568 ± 0.017	1.251HisGln: 1.251 ± 0.014	1.514HisArg: 1.514 ± 0.016	2.217HisSer: 2.217 ± 0.019	1.303HisThr: 1.303 ± 0.012	1.504HisVal: 1.504 ± 0.013	0.324HisTrp: 0.324 ± 0.006	0.825HisTyr: 0.825 ± 0.01	0.003HisXaa: 0.003 ± 0.001
Ile	2.791IleAla: 2.791 ± 0.019	1.162IleCys: 1.162 ± 0.017	2.206IleAsp: 2.206 ± 0.018	2.791IleGlu: 2.791 ± 0.021	1.947IlePhe: 1.947 ± 0.019	2.305IleGly: 2.305 ± 0.021	1.341IleHis: 1.341 ± 0.015	2.547IleIle: 2.547 ± 0.023	2.884IleLys: 2.884 ± 0.02	4.561IleLeu: 4.561 ± 0.027	1.024IleMet: 1.024 ± 0.012	2.069IleAsn: 2.069 ± 0.015	2.717IlePro: 2.717 ± 0.018	2.406IleGln: 2.406 ± 0.018	2.423IleArg: 2.423 ± 0.017	3.926IleSer: 3.926 ± 0.023	2.78IleThr: 2.78 ± 0.026	2.732IleVal: 2.732 ± 0.024	0.531IleTrp: 0.531 ± 0.008	1.445IleTyr: 1.445 ± 0.015	0.004IleXaa: 0.004 ± 0.001
Lys	4.078LysAla: 4.078 ± 0.027	1.189LysCys: 1.189 ± 0.015	3.463LysAsp: 3.463 ± 0.029	5.598LysGlu: 5.598 ± 0.037	1.789LysPhe: 1.789 ± 0.016	3.342LysGly: 3.342 ± 0.038	1.549LysHis: 1.549 ± 0.014	3.049LysIle: 3.049 ± 0.02	5.307LysLys: 5.307 ± 0.041	5.565LysLeu: 5.565 ± 0.033	1.577LysMet: 1.577 ± 0.015	2.692LysAsn: 2.692 ± 0.018	3.237LysPro: 3.237 ± 0.033	2.939LysGln: 2.939 ± 0.022	3.533LysArg: 3.533 ± 0.025	4.327LysSer: 4.327 ± 0.03	3.427LysThr: 3.427 ± 0.023	3.694LysVal: 3.694 ± 0.03	0.667LysTrp: 0.667 ± 0.011	1.794LysTyr: 1.794 ± 0.018	0.006LysXaa: 0.006 ± 0.001
Leu	6.237LeuAla: 6.237 ± 0.034	2.158LeuCys: 2.158 ± 0.018	4.644LeuAsp: 4.644 ± 0.026	7.037LeuGlu: 7.037 ± 0.044	3.295LeuPhe: 3.295 ± 0.023	5.134LeuGly: 5.134 ± 0.03	2.64LeuHis: 2.64 ± 0.019	3.934LeuIle: 3.934 ± 0.028	6.157LeuLys: 6.157 ± 0.034	9.752LeuLeu: 9.752 ± 0.062	1.984LeuMet: 1.984 ± 0.016	3.697LeuAsn: 3.697 ± 0.026	5.494LeuPro: 5.494 ± 0.03	5.662LeuGln: 5.662 ± 0.042	5.316LeuArg: 5.316 ± 0.029	7.8LeuSer: 7.8 ± 0.039	4.884LeuThr: 4.884 ± 0.028	5.265LeuVal: 5.265 ± 0.029	1.038LeuTrp: 1.038 ± 0.012	2.592LeuTyr: 2.592 ± 0.021	0.013LeuXaa: 0.013 ± 0.001
Met	1.722MetAla: 1.722 ± 0.014	0.437MetCys: 0.437 ± 0.009	1.313MetAsp: 1.313 ± 0.013	1.942MetGlu: 1.942 ± 0.018	0.792MetPhe: 0.792 ± 0.011	1.312MetGly: 1.312 ± 0.014	0.504MetHis: 0.504 ± 0.009	0.907MetIle: 0.907 ± 0.01	1.606MetLys: 1.606 ± 0.016	1.996MetLeu: 1.996 ± 0.014	0.628MetMet: 0.628 ± 0.008	0.981MetAsn: 0.981 ± 0.01	1.077MetPro: 1.077 ± 0.017	1.026MetGln: 1.026 ± 0.012	1.104MetArg: 1.104 ± 0.012	1.626MetSer: 1.626 ± 0.014	1.148MetThr: 1.148 ± 0.011	1.406MetVal: 1.406 ± 0.014	0.253MetTrp: 0.253 ± 0.005	0.621MetTyr: 0.621 ± 0.008	0.002MetXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Asn	2.367AsnAla: 2.367 ± 0.017	0.931AsnCys: 0.931 ± 0.013	1.684AsnAsp: 1.684 ± 0.014	2.563AsnGlu: 2.563 ± 0.02	1.521AsnPhe: 1.521 ± 0.014	2.75AsnGly: 2.75 ± 0.026	0.965AsnHis: 0.965 ± 0.012	2.359AsnIle: 2.359 ± 0.019	2.516AsnLys: 2.516 ± 0.019	3.847AsnLeu: 3.847 ± 0.024	1.002AsnMet: 1.002 ± 0.011	1.794AsnAsn: 1.794 ± 0.016	2.224AsnPro: 2.224 ± 0.019	1.73AsnGln: 1.73 ± 0.015	1.986AsnArg: 1.986 ± 0.015	3.425AsnSer: 3.425 ± 0.022	2.25AsnThr: 2.25 ± 0.019	2.449AsnVal: 2.449 ± 0.016	0.482AsnTrp: 0.482 ± 0.007	1.225AsnTyr: 1.225 ± 0.011	0.004AsnXaa: 0.004 ± 0.001
Pro	4.353ProAla: 4.353 ± 0.032	1.079ProCys: 1.079 ± 0.018	2.684ProAsp: 2.684 ± 0.02	4.037ProGlu: 4.037 ± 0.025	1.859ProPhe: 1.859 ± 0.017	4.29ProGly: 4.29 ± 0.075	1.342ProHis: 1.342 ± 0.015	1.893ProIle: 1.893 ± 0.018	2.815ProLys: 2.815 ± 0.033	4.702ProLeu: 4.702 ± 0.028	0.98ProMet: 0.98 ± 0.011	1.902ProAsn: 1.902 ± 0.015	4.937ProPro: 4.937 ± 0.052	2.509ProGln: 2.509 ± 0.024	2.831ProArg: 2.831 ± 0.023	5.302ProSer: 5.302 ± 0.041	2.819ProThr: 2.819 ± 0.024	3.908ProVal: 3.908 ± 0.024	0.61ProTrp: 0.61 ± 0.009	1.404ProTyr: 1.404 ± 0.015	0.011ProXaa: 0.011 ± 0.001
Gln	3.144GlnAla: 3.144 ± 0.023	0.926GlnCys: 0.926 ± 0.016	2.319GlnAsp: 2.319 ± 0.018	3.841GlnGlu: 3.841 ± 0.028	1.429GlnPhe: 1.429 ± 0.014	2.555GlnGly: 2.555 ± 0.022	1.359GlnHis: 1.359 ± 0.014	2.119GlnIle: 2.119 ± 0.015	3.233GlnLys: 3.233 ± 0.023	4.605GlnLeu: 4.605 ± 0.036	1.155GlnMet: 1.155 ± 0.012	2.057GlnAsn: 2.057 ± 0.016	2.594GlnPro: 2.594 ± 0.023	3.216GlnGln: 3.216 ± 0.043	2.825GlnArg: 2.825 ± 0.022	3.278GlnSer: 3.278 ± 0.024	2.413GlnThr: 2.413 ± 0.018	2.695GlnVal: 2.695 ± 0.016	0.54GlnTrp: 0.54 ± 0.008	1.249GlnTyr: 1.249 ± 0.014	0.006GlnXaa: 0.006 ± 0.001
Arg	3.388ArgAla: 3.388 ± 0.023	1.211ArgCys: 1.211 ± 0.016	2.736ArgAsp: 2.736 ± 0.019	3.852ArgGlu: 3.852 ± 0.035	1.84ArgPhe: 1.84 ± 0.014	3.236ArgGly: 3.236 ± 0.033	1.456ArgHis: 1.456 ± 0.015	2.465ArgIle: 2.465 ± 0.017	3.771ArgLys: 3.771 ± 0.026	4.842ArgLeu: 4.842 ± 0.028	1.216ArgMet: 1.216 ± 0.011	2.211ArgAsn: 2.211 ± 0.017	2.669ArgPro: 2.669 ± 0.023	2.584ArgGln: 2.584 ± 0.021	4.038ArgArg: 4.038 ± 0.035	4.242ArgSer: 4.242 ± 0.038	2.815ArgThr: 2.815 ± 0.019	2.984ArgVal: 2.984 ± 0.022	0.661ArgTrp: 0.661 ± 0.01	1.546ArgTyr: 1.546 ± 0.015	0.013ArgXaa: 0.013 ± 0.001
Ser	5.519SerAla: 5.519 ± 0.03	1.91SerCys: 1.91 ± 0.017	4.093SerAsp: 4.093 ± 0.025	5.254SerGlu: 5.254 ± 0.031	2.997SerPhe: 2.997 ± 0.024	5.216SerGly: 5.216 ± 0.029	2.04SerHis: 2.04 ± 0.019	3.437SerIle: 3.437 ± 0.021	4.462SerLys: 4.462 ± 0.032	7.859SerLeu: 7.859 ± 0.035	1.632SerMet: 1.632 ± 0.015	2.993SerAsn: 2.993 ± 0.021	5.783SerPro: 5.783 ± 0.047	3.757SerGln: 3.757 ± 0.024	4.322SerArg: 4.322 ± 0.035	9.672SerSer: 9.672 ± 0.084	4.699SerThr: 4.699 ± 0.029	5.11SerVal: 5.11 ± 0.026	0.998SerTrp: 0.998 ± 0.012	2.201SerTyr: 2.201 ± 0.02	0.012SerXaa: 0.012 ± 0.001
Thr	4.071ThrAla: 4.071 ± 0.028	1.36ThrCys: 1.36 ± 0.025	2.791ThrAsp: 2.791 ± 0.018	3.836ThrGlu: 3.836 ± 0.026	2.123ThrPhe: 2.123 ± 0.017	3.568ThrGly: 3.568 ± 0.026	1.18ThrHis: 1.18 ± 0.012	2.513ThrIle: 2.513 ± 0.021	2.916ThrLys: 2.916 ± 0.022	5.136ThrLeu: 5.136 ± 0.03	1.145ThrMet: 1.145 ± 0.012	1.971ThrAsn: 1.971 ± 0.015	3.299ThrPro: 3.299 ± 0.029	2.206ThrGln: 2.206 ± 0.017	2.455ThrArg: 2.455 ± 0.017	4.859ThrSer: 4.859 ± 0.033	3.206ThrThr: 3.206 ± 0.035	4.099ThrVal: 4.099 ± 0.029	0.684ThrTrp: 0.684 ± 0.01	1.498ThrTyr: 1.498 ± 0.014	0.008ThrXaa: 0.008 ± 0.001
Val	4.045ValAla: 4.045 ± 0.029	1.495ValCys: 1.495 ± 0.012	2.964ValAsp: 2.964 ± 0.025	4.003ValGlu: 4.003 ± 0.029	2.462ValPhe: 2.462 ± 0.02	3.26ValGly: 3.26 ± 0.022	1.531ValHis: 1.531 ± 0.013	3.073ValIle: 3.073 ± 0.022	3.839ValLys: 3.839 ± 0.036	6.152ValLeu: 6.152 ± 0.032	1.362ValMet: 1.362 ± 0.011	2.512ValAsn: 2.512 ± 0.018	3.693ValPro: 3.693 ± 0.027	2.848ValGln: 2.848 ± 0.021	2.92ValArg: 2.92 ± 0.021	5.006ValSer: 5.006 ± 0.028	4.034ValThr: 4.034 ± 0.036	4.068ValVal: 4.068 ± 0.029	0.704ValTrp: 0.704 ± 0.01	1.735ValTyr: 1.735 ± 0.017	0.008ValXaa: 0.008 ± 0.001
Trp	0.678TrpAla: 0.678 ± 0.01	0.249TrpCys: 0.249 ± 0.005	0.643TrpAsp: 0.643 ± 0.009	0.777TrpGlu: 0.777 ± 0.01	0.451TrpPhe: 0.451 ± 0.008	0.699TrpGly: 0.699 ± 0.015	0.297TrpHis: 0.297 ± 0.006	0.591TrpIle: 0.591 ± 0.008	0.854TrpLys: 0.854 ± 0.01	1.165TrpLeu: 1.165 ± 0.013	0.332TrpMet: 0.332 ± 0.006	0.552TrpAsn: 0.552 ± 0.008	0.461TrpPro: 0.461 ± 0.008	0.536TrpGln: 0.536 ± 0.008	0.686TrpArg: 0.686 ± 0.009	0.867TrpSer: 0.867 ± 0.012	0.648TrpThr: 0.648 ± 0.01	0.646TrpVal: 0.646 ± 0.007	0.199TrpTrp: 0.199 ± 0.006	0.381TrpTyr: 0.381 ± 0.008	0.002TrpXaa: 0.002 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.483TyrAla: 1.483 ± 0.015	0.702TyrCys: 0.702 ± 0.01	1.389TyrAsp: 1.389 ± 0.014	1.779TyrGlu: 1.779 ± 0.017	1.263TyrPhe: 1.263 ± 0.013	1.723TyrGly: 1.723 ± 0.018	0.758TyrHis: 0.758 ± 0.009	1.495TyrIle: 1.495 ± 0.015	1.675TyrLys: 1.675 ± 0.02	2.689TyrLeu: 2.689 ± 0.021	0.653TyrMet: 0.653 ± 0.009	1.228TyrAsn: 1.228 ± 0.012	1.286TyrPro: 1.286 ± 0.014	1.275TyrGln: 1.275 ± 0.013	1.648TyrArg: 1.648 ± 0.014	2.346TyrSer: 2.346 ± 0.019	1.631TyrThr: 1.631 ± 0.018	1.651TyrVal: 1.651 ± 0.015	0.364TyrTrp: 0.364 ± 0.007	1.016TyrTyr: 1.016 ± 0.012	0.004TyrXaa: 0.004 ± 0.001
Xaa	0.011XaaAla: 0.011 ± 0.001	0.004XaaCys: 0.004 ± 0.001	0.006XaaAsp: 0.006 ± 0.001	0.006XaaGlu: 0.006 ± 0.001	0.006XaaPhe: 0.006 ± 0.001	0.011XaaGly: 0.011 ± 0.001	0.004XaaHis: 0.004 ± 0.001	0.004XaaIle: 0.004 ± 0.001	0.005XaaLys: 0.005 ± 0.001	0.014XaaLeu: 0.014 ± 0.001	0.002XaaMet: 0.002 ± 0.0	0.004XaaAsn: 0.004 ± 0.001	0.014XaaPro: 0.014 ± 0.001	0.006XaaGln: 0.006 ± 0.001	0.012XaaArg: 0.012 ± 0.001	0.013XaaSer: 0.013 ± 0.001	0.006XaaThr: 0.006 ± 0.001	0.007XaaVal: 0.007 ± 0.001	0.003XaaTrp: 0.003 ± 0.0	0.003XaaTyr: 0.003 ± 0.001	0.539XaaXaa: 0.539 ± 0.026

Statistics based on 17309 proteins (10015450 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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