Amino acid dipepetide frequency for Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato) (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Apart from single amino acid frequencies one can also calculate so called amino acid dipeptide frequency.

There is 400 possibilites (441 if we consider Xaa as additional 21st amino acid representing all non-standard or unknown amino acids). Thus, if the dipeptides would be present randomly in proteins each amino acid dipeptide should be present with 0.25% frequency. As it is not the case in the nature, for better visablity all more than expected dipepetides are marked by red, and those which are underrepresented are marked by blue in the table.

All values are presented as per milles (‰), therefore need to be multiplied by 10^-3.

For more information see sequence space article on Wikipedia.

	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Xaa
Ala	5.536AlaAla: 5.536 ± 0.034	1.2AlaCys: 1.2 ± 0.012	2.902AlaAsp: 2.902 ± 0.016	3.889AlaGlu: 3.889 ± 0.02	2.617AlaPhe: 2.617 ± 0.017	3.817AlaGly: 3.817 ± 0.022	1.269AlaHis: 1.269 ± 0.011	3.798AlaIle: 3.798 ± 0.022	3.82AlaLys: 3.82 ± 0.02	6.068AlaLeu: 6.068 ± 0.028	1.703AlaMet: 1.703 ± 0.013	2.635AlaAsn: 2.635 ± 0.016	2.6AlaPro: 2.6 ± 0.02	1.996AlaGln: 1.996 ± 0.014	3.05AlaArg: 3.05 ± 0.018	5.514AlaSer: 5.514 ± 0.022	3.427AlaThr: 3.427 ± 0.018	4.329AlaVal: 4.329 ± 0.027	0.728AlaTrp: 0.728 ± 0.008	1.803AlaTyr: 1.803 ± 0.014	0.0AlaXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Cys	0.971CysAla: 0.971 ± 0.009	0.575CysCys: 0.575 ± 0.008	0.935CysAsp: 0.935 ± 0.008	0.885CysGlu: 0.885 ± 0.009	0.94CysPhe: 0.94 ± 0.009	1.38CysGly: 1.38 ± 0.012	0.491CysHis: 0.491 ± 0.007	1.111CysIle: 1.111 ± 0.01	1.158CysLys: 1.158 ± 0.011	1.929CysLeu: 1.929 ± 0.014	0.482CysMet: 0.482 ± 0.007	0.916CysAsn: 0.916 ± 0.009	0.992CysPro: 0.992 ± 0.011	0.621CysGln: 0.621 ± 0.008	1.023CysArg: 1.023 ± 0.01	1.834CysSer: 1.834 ± 0.015	0.919CysThr: 0.919 ± 0.01	1.101CysVal: 1.101 ± 0.01	0.26CysTrp: 0.26 ± 0.005	0.629CysTyr: 0.629 ± 0.007	0.0CysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asp	3.153AspAla: 3.153 ± 0.021	0.934AspCys: 0.934 ± 0.01	3.539AspAsp: 3.539 ± 0.023	3.966AspGlu: 3.966 ± 0.022	2.413AspPhe: 2.413 ± 0.016	3.477AspGly: 3.477 ± 0.02	1.249AspHis: 1.249 ± 0.013	3.323AspIle: 3.323 ± 0.019	2.805AspLys: 2.805 ± 0.016	5.046AspLeu: 5.046 ± 0.024	1.362AspMet: 1.362 ± 0.011	2.242AspAsn: 2.242 ± 0.016	2.465AspPro: 2.465 ± 0.016	1.788AspGln: 1.788 ± 0.013	2.246AspArg: 2.246 ± 0.016	4.174AspSer: 4.174 ± 0.023	2.317AspThr: 2.317 ± 0.014	3.78AspVal: 3.78 ± 0.022	0.711AspTrp: 0.711 ± 0.008	1.623AspTyr: 1.623 ± 0.014	0.0AspXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Glu	4.334GluAla: 4.334 ± 0.02	0.92GluCys: 0.92 ± 0.009	3.773GluAsp: 3.773 ± 0.021	5.8GluGlu: 5.8 ± 0.04	2.445GluPhe: 2.445 ± 0.014	3.496GluGly: 3.496 ± 0.019	1.264GluHis: 1.264 ± 0.012	3.934GluIle: 3.934 ± 0.02	4.872GluLys: 4.872 ± 0.031	5.883GluLeu: 5.883 ± 0.028	1.828GluMet: 1.828 ± 0.013	3.262GluAsn: 3.262 ± 0.019	1.969GluPro: 1.969 ± 0.015	2.116GluGln: 2.116 ± 0.016	3.118GluArg: 3.118 ± 0.019	4.477GluSer: 4.477 ± 0.023	2.99GluThr: 2.99 ± 0.022	4.114GluVal: 4.114 ± 0.021	0.71GluTrp: 0.71 ± 0.008	1.766GluTyr: 1.766 ± 0.012	0.0GluXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Phe	2.46PheAla: 2.46 ± 0.017	0.951PheCys: 0.951 ± 0.01	2.434PheAsp: 2.434 ± 0.014	2.383PheGlu: 2.383 ± 0.013	2.138PhePhe: 2.138 ± 0.016	3.061PheGly: 3.061 ± 0.019	1.16PheHis: 1.16 ± 0.01	2.354PheIle: 2.354 ± 0.017	2.255PheLys: 2.255 ± 0.014	4.541PheLeu: 4.541 ± 0.024	1.063PheMet: 1.063 ± 0.01	1.903PheAsn: 1.903 ± 0.015	2.107PhePro: 2.107 ± 0.013	1.595PheGln: 1.595 ± 0.011	1.995PheArg: 1.995 ± 0.014	4.224PheSer: 4.224 ± 0.021	2.139PheThr: 2.139 ± 0.015	2.86PheVal: 2.86 ± 0.017	0.58PheTrp: 0.58 ± 0.007	1.36PheTyr: 1.36 ± 0.012	0.0PheXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gly	3.618GlyAla: 3.618 ± 0.021	1.26GlyCys: 1.26 ± 0.011	3.267GlyAsp: 3.267 ± 0.018	3.514GlyGlu: 3.514 ± 0.02	2.976GlyPhe: 2.976 ± 0.018	4.987GlyGly: 4.987 ± 0.05	1.506GlyHis: 1.506 ± 0.013	3.691GlyIle: 3.691 ± 0.02	4.093GlyLys: 4.093 ± 0.022	5.695GlyLeu: 5.695 ± 0.022	1.552GlyMet: 1.552 ± 0.015	3.137GlyAsn: 3.137 ± 0.02	2.262GlyPro: 2.262 ± 0.016	2.002GlyGln: 2.002 ± 0.015	3.398GlyArg: 3.398 ± 0.023	5.619GlySer: 5.619 ± 0.025	3.218GlyThr: 3.218 ± 0.019	4.138GlyVal: 4.138 ± 0.023	0.86GlyTrp: 0.86 ± 0.009	2.147GlyTyr: 2.147 ± 0.015	0.0GlyXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
His	1.333HisAla: 1.333 ± 0.012	0.55HisCys: 0.55 ± 0.008	1.192HisAsp: 1.192 ± 0.011	1.284HisGlu: 1.284 ± 0.011	1.195HisPhe: 1.195 ± 0.012	1.614HisGly: 1.614 ± 0.013	0.946HisHis: 0.946 ± 0.011	1.371HisIle: 1.371 ± 0.013	1.259HisLys: 1.259 ± 0.01	2.469HisLeu: 2.469 ± 0.016	0.617HisMet: 0.617 ± 0.007	1.058HisAsn: 1.058 ± 0.011	1.318HisPro: 1.318 ± 0.012	1.03HisGln: 1.03 ± 0.01	1.292HisArg: 1.292 ± 0.011	1.923HisSer: 1.923 ± 0.015	1.082HisThr: 1.082 ± 0.011	1.6HisVal: 1.6 ± 0.013	0.313HisTrp: 0.313 ± 0.006	0.751HisTyr: 0.751 ± 0.008	0.0HisXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ile	3.655IleAla: 3.655 ± 0.018	1.233IleCys: 1.233 ± 0.011	3.183IleAsp: 3.183 ± 0.019	3.416IleGlu: 3.416 ± 0.019	2.636IlePhe: 2.636 ± 0.016	3.59IleGly: 3.59 ± 0.022	1.467IleHis: 1.467 ± 0.012	3.26IleIle: 3.26 ± 0.018	3.195IleLys: 3.195 ± 0.017	5.649IleLeu: 5.649 ± 0.024	1.306IleMet: 1.306 ± 0.01	2.52IleAsn: 2.52 ± 0.014	3.099IlePro: 3.099 ± 0.024	2.149IleGln: 2.149 ± 0.015	2.741IleArg: 2.741 ± 0.018	5.307IleSer: 5.307 ± 0.024	2.902IleThr: 2.902 ± 0.018	3.767IleVal: 3.767 ± 0.023	0.803IleTrp: 0.803 ± 0.009	1.723IleTyr: 1.723 ± 0.013	0.0IleXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Lys	3.79LysAla: 3.79 ± 0.02	1.075LysCys: 1.075 ± 0.01	3.386LysAsp: 3.386 ± 0.019	4.672LysGlu: 4.672 ± 0.026	2.457LysPhe: 2.457 ± 0.015	3.684LysGly: 3.684 ± 0.02	1.406LysHis: 1.406 ± 0.011	3.654LysIle: 3.654 ± 0.019	5.2LysLys: 5.2 ± 0.031	6.233LysLeu: 6.233 ± 0.024	1.674LysMet: 1.674 ± 0.012	3.066LysAsn: 3.066 ± 0.018	2.667LysPro: 2.667 ± 0.023	2.387LysGln: 2.387 ± 0.015	3.584LysArg: 3.584 ± 0.02	4.946LysSer: 4.946 ± 0.026	2.951LysThr: 2.951 ± 0.016	3.939LysVal: 3.939 ± 0.019	0.834LysTrp: 0.834 ± 0.009	1.921LysTyr: 1.921 ± 0.014	0.0LysXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Leu	6.095LeuAla: 6.095 ± 0.029	1.91LeuCys: 1.91 ± 0.013	4.991LeuAsp: 4.991 ± 0.022	6.128LeuGlu: 6.128 ± 0.033	4.032LeuPhe: 4.032 ± 0.023	5.784LeuGly: 5.784 ± 0.024	2.577LeuHis: 2.577 ± 0.014	5.098LeuIle: 5.098 ± 0.022	6.362LeuLys: 6.362 ± 0.029	9.757LeuLeu: 9.757 ± 0.039	2.279LeuMet: 2.279 ± 0.016	4.162LeuAsn: 4.162 ± 0.021	4.946LeuPro: 4.946 ± 0.023	4.211LeuGln: 4.211 ± 0.026	5.1LeuArg: 5.1 ± 0.023	8.512LeuSer: 8.512 ± 0.039	4.54LeuThr: 4.54 ± 0.02	6.317LeuVal: 6.317 ± 0.027	1.131LeuTrp: 1.131 ± 0.01	2.648LeuTyr: 2.648 ± 0.017	0.0LeuXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Met	1.995MetAla: 1.995 ± 0.014	0.369MetCys: 0.369 ± 0.006	1.487MetAsp: 1.487 ± 0.012	2.002MetGlu: 2.002 ± 0.014	0.912MetPhe: 0.912 ± 0.009	1.547MetGly: 1.547 ± 0.012	0.577MetHis: 0.577 ± 0.007	1.374MetIle: 1.374 ± 0.012	1.819MetLys: 1.819 ± 0.015	2.257MetLeu: 2.257 ± 0.015	0.731MetMet: 0.731 ± 0.009	1.202MetAsn: 1.202 ± 0.011	1.087MetPro: 1.087 ± 0.012	0.948MetGln: 0.948 ± 0.009	1.174MetArg: 1.174 ± 0.009	1.917MetSer: 1.917 ± 0.014	1.21MetThr: 1.21 ± 0.011	1.698MetVal: 1.698 ± 0.012	0.275MetTrp: 0.275 ± 0.005	0.676MetTyr: 0.676 ± 0.008	0.0MetXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Asn	2.665AsnAla: 2.665 ± 0.015	0.936AsnCys: 0.936 ± 0.01	2.326AsnAsp: 2.326 ± 0.016	2.695AsnGlu: 2.695 ± 0.016	2.208AsnPhe: 2.208 ± 0.016	3.261AsnGly: 3.261 ± 0.02	1.203AsnHis: 1.203 ± 0.011	2.834AsnIle: 2.834 ± 0.014	2.697AsnLys: 2.697 ± 0.015	4.793AsnLeu: 4.793 ± 0.03	1.232AsnMet: 1.232 ± 0.01	2.766AsnAsn: 2.766 ± 0.022	2.337AsnPro: 2.337 ± 0.017	1.795AsnGln: 1.795 ± 0.013	2.081AsnArg: 2.081 ± 0.013	4.205AsnSer: 4.205 ± 0.022	2.17AsnThr: 2.17 ± 0.013	3.084AsnVal: 3.084 ± 0.017	0.614AsnTrp: 0.614 ± 0.008	1.496AsnTyr: 1.496 ± 0.013	0.0AsnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Pro	2.694ProAla: 2.694 ± 0.023	0.803ProCys: 0.803 ± 0.01	2.3ProAsp: 2.3 ± 0.016	2.94ProGlu: 2.94 ± 0.023	2.036ProPhe: 2.036 ± 0.014	2.47ProGly: 2.47 ± 0.017	1.075ProHis: 1.075 ± 0.01	2.579ProIle: 2.579 ± 0.018	2.819ProLys: 2.819 ± 0.02	4.224ProLeu: 4.224 ± 0.021	1.008ProMet: 1.008 ± 0.009	2.402ProAsn: 2.402 ± 0.017	3.458ProPro: 3.458 ± 0.048	1.759ProGln: 1.759 ± 0.014	2.204ProArg: 2.204 ± 0.015	4.899ProSer: 4.899 ± 0.03	2.637ProThr: 2.637 ± 0.019	2.885ProVal: 2.885 ± 0.019	0.585ProTrp: 0.585 ± 0.008	1.355ProTyr: 1.355 ± 0.013	0.0ProXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Gln	2.206GlnAla: 2.206 ± 0.015	0.594GlnCys: 0.594 ± 0.007	1.689GlnAsp: 1.689 ± 0.013	2.343GlnGlu: 2.343 ± 0.016	1.473GlnPhe: 1.473 ± 0.011	2.034GlnGly: 2.034 ± 0.015	0.966GlnHis: 0.966 ± 0.01	2.099GlnIle: 2.099 ± 0.014	2.451GlnLys: 2.451 ± 0.017	3.644GlnLeu: 3.644 ± 0.02	1.01GlnMet: 1.01 ± 0.01	1.903GlnAsn: 1.903 ± 0.014	1.672GlnPro: 1.672 ± 0.016	2.034GlnGln: 2.034 ± 0.023	2.065GlnArg: 2.065 ± 0.014	2.852GlnSer: 2.852 ± 0.019	1.723GlnThr: 1.723 ± 0.013	2.371GlnVal: 2.371 ± 0.015	0.449GlnTrp: 0.449 ± 0.006	0.995GlnTyr: 0.995 ± 0.011	0.0GlnXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Arg	2.945ArgAla: 2.945 ± 0.017	0.939ArgCys: 0.939 ± 0.009	2.525ArgAsp: 2.525 ± 0.017	3.087ArgGlu: 3.087 ± 0.017	2.146ArgPhe: 2.146 ± 0.015	3.096ArgGly: 3.096 ± 0.022	1.208ArgHis: 1.208 ± 0.011	2.918ArgIle: 2.918 ± 0.016	3.767ArgLys: 3.767 ± 0.019	4.727ArgLeu: 4.727 ± 0.02	1.304ArgMet: 1.304 ± 0.011	2.489ArgAsn: 2.489 ± 0.014	2.224ArgPro: 2.224 ± 0.018	1.745ArgGln: 1.745 ± 0.012	3.683ArgArg: 3.683 ± 0.026	4.223ArgSer: 4.223 ± 0.023	2.39ArgThr: 2.39 ± 0.016	3.17ArgVal: 3.17 ± 0.017	0.7ArgTrp: 0.7 ± 0.008	1.49ArgTyr: 1.49 ± 0.011	0.0ArgXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Ser	5.011SerAla: 5.011 ± 0.022	1.795SerCys: 1.795 ± 0.012	4.347SerAsp: 4.347 ± 0.023	4.63SerGlu: 4.63 ± 0.026	4.049SerPhe: 4.049 ± 0.02	5.558SerGly: 5.558 ± 0.029	2.04SerHis: 2.04 ± 0.014	5.007SerIle: 5.007 ± 0.022	5.165SerLys: 5.165 ± 0.024	8.474SerLeu: 8.474 ± 0.035	2.162SerMet: 2.162 ± 0.014	4.342SerAsn: 4.342 ± 0.023	4.422SerPro: 4.422 ± 0.03	3.041SerGln: 3.041 ± 0.019	4.354SerArg: 4.354 ± 0.025	10.702SerSer: 10.702 ± 0.054	5.008SerThr: 5.008 ± 0.024	5.154SerVal: 5.154 ± 0.023	1.206SerTrp: 1.206 ± 0.01	2.448SerTyr: 2.448 ± 0.018	0.0SerXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Thr	3.131ThrAla: 3.131 ± 0.02	0.994ThrCys: 0.994 ± 0.01	2.279ThrAsp: 2.279 ± 0.016	2.751ThrGlu: 2.751 ± 0.018	2.196ThrPhe: 2.196 ± 0.013	3.208ThrGly: 3.208 ± 0.019	1.15ThrHis: 1.15 ± 0.011	3.094ThrIle: 3.094 ± 0.015	2.933ThrLys: 2.933 ± 0.018	4.761ThrLeu: 4.761 ± 0.023	1.215ThrMet: 1.215 ± 0.01	2.353ThrAsn: 2.353 ± 0.016	2.639ThrPro: 2.639 ± 0.021	1.621ThrGln: 1.621 ± 0.012	2.443ThrArg: 2.443 ± 0.014	4.905ThrSer: 4.905 ± 0.024	3.247ThrThr: 3.247 ± 0.024	3.223ThrVal: 3.223 ± 0.017	0.635ThrTrp: 0.635 ± 0.007	1.473ThrTyr: 1.473 ± 0.014	0.0ThrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Val	4.525ValAla: 4.525 ± 0.025	1.179ValCys: 1.179 ± 0.01	3.797ValAsp: 3.797 ± 0.021	4.357ValGlu: 4.357 ± 0.022	2.714ValPhe: 2.714 ± 0.018	4.005ValGly: 4.005 ± 0.02	1.578ValHis: 1.578 ± 0.013	3.603ValIle: 3.603 ± 0.021	4.133ValLys: 4.133 ± 0.022	6.201ValLeu: 6.201 ± 0.025	1.567ValMet: 1.567 ± 0.012	2.852ValAsn: 2.852 ± 0.017	3.085ValPro: 3.085 ± 0.021	2.307ValGln: 2.307 ± 0.014	2.927ValArg: 2.927 ± 0.015	5.294ValSer: 5.294 ± 0.022	3.331ValThr: 3.331 ± 0.017	4.922ValVal: 4.922 ± 0.025	0.755ValTrp: 0.755 ± 0.01	1.982ValTyr: 1.982 ± 0.014	0.0ValXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Trp	0.755TrpAla: 0.755 ± 0.009	0.248TrpCys: 0.248 ± 0.005	0.67TrpAsp: 0.67 ± 0.009	0.736TrpGlu: 0.736 ± 0.009	0.543TrpPhe: 0.543 ± 0.007	0.734TrpGly: 0.734 ± 0.01	0.308TrpHis: 0.308 ± 0.006	0.803TrpIle: 0.803 ± 0.01	1.009TrpLys: 1.009 ± 0.008	1.24TrpLeu: 1.24 ± 0.011	0.358TrpMet: 0.358 ± 0.006	0.736TrpAsn: 0.736 ± 0.01	0.469TrpPro: 0.469 ± 0.007	0.431TrpGln: 0.431 ± 0.007	0.791TrpArg: 0.791 ± 0.008	0.97TrpSer: 0.97 ± 0.009	0.662TrpThr: 0.662 ± 0.007	0.744TrpVal: 0.744 ± 0.009	0.253TrpTrp: 0.253 ± 0.005	0.363TrpTyr: 0.363 ± 0.005	0.001TrpXaa: 0.001 ± 0.0
Tyr	1.828TyrAla: 1.828 ± 0.013	0.687TyrCys: 0.687 ± 0.008	1.589TyrAsp: 1.589 ± 0.014	1.591TyrGlu: 1.591 ± 0.011	1.438TyrPhe: 1.438 ± 0.013	2.138TyrGly: 2.138 ± 0.017	0.758TyrHis: 0.758 ± 0.009	1.696TyrIle: 1.696 ± 0.014	1.716TyrLys: 1.716 ± 0.016	2.991TyrLeu: 2.991 ± 0.016	0.801TyrMet: 0.801 ± 0.009	1.453TyrAsn: 1.453 ± 0.011	1.314TyrPro: 1.314 ± 0.012	0.999TyrGln: 0.999 ± 0.009	1.505TyrArg: 1.505 ± 0.012	2.417TyrSer: 2.417 ± 0.016	1.388TyrThr: 1.388 ± 0.012	1.918TyrVal: 1.918 ± 0.015	0.421TyrTrp: 0.421 ± 0.007	1.104TyrTyr: 1.104 ± 0.014	0.0TyrXaa: 0.0 ± 0.0
Xaa	0.0XaaAla: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaCys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGlu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPhe: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGly: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaHis: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaIle: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLys: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaLeu: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaMet: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaAsn: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaPro: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaGln: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaArg: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaSer: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaThr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaVal: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTrp: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.0XaaTyr: 0.0 ± 0.0	0.06XaaXaa: 0.06 ± 0.022

Statistics based on 34658 proteins (12261248 amino acids)

Note: The error has been estimated with the bootstraping (x100) at the protein level

Above dipeptide statistics (among other stats for this proteome) you can download from this CSV file

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI 2.0: Proteome Isoelectric Point Database Update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab944

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski

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